Oktobas: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, ruzha, nhoroondo yekusika, maitiro ekutamba

Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, vagadziri veviolin vakaedza kugadzira chiridzwa chine ruzha rwaizodzikira pane rwemabass maviri. Kuedza kwakawanda kwakatungamira pakuonekwa kwemuenzaniso wehukuru hwakakura mumhuri yeviolin. Octobass haisati yashandiswa zvakanyanya mutsika dzemimhanzi, asi mamwe maokestra esymphony anoishandisa kupa kunakidza kumabasa ekare echinyakare.

Chii chinonzi octobas

Chordophone hombe mumhuri yetambo yeviolin inoita semabhesi maviri. Musiyano mukuru pakati pezvishandiso ndiwo saizi. Pa oktobass ivo vakakura zvakanyanya - kureba kwemamita mana. Iyo yakafara yekesi munzvimbo yakanyanya kuvhurika inosvika maviri metres. Mutsipa une tambo nhatu, wakashongedzerwa netuning pegs. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yekesi ine marevhisi. Nekudzidzvanya, muimbi akadzvanya tambo kubhawa.

Octobass inonzwika sei?

Chiridzwa chinoburitsa ruzha rwakaderera pamuganhu wekunzwa kwevanhu. Kudai kunyange manzwi akaderera aivapo, vanhu vaizotadza kuanzwa. Nokudaro, zvakanga zvisina maturo kuedza nehukuru mberi.

Iyo sisitimu inotemwa nemanotsi matatu: "ita", "sol", "re". Ruzha rwakavharwa, iyo frequency "ku" subcontroctave ndeye 16 Hz. Muchiito chemimhanzi, uwandu hushoma hwakashandiswa, huchiguma ne "la" ye counteroctave. Vagadziri vakaodzwa mwoyo nekunzwika kweoctobass, haina kudzika uye yakapfuma kana ichienzaniswa ne "munun'una".

Nhoroondo yekusikwa kwechiridzwa

Panguva imwecheteyo, masters kubva kunyika dzakasiyana akauya nepfungwa yekuwedzera muviri wemabass maviri. Iyo diki ye "hofori" inomiririrwa neChirungu Museum. Kureba kwayo 2,6 metres. Yakaridzwa nevanhu vaviri panguva imwe chete. Mumwe akakwira pachigadziko chaidzo ndokusunga tambo, mumwe achitungamirira uta. Vakatumidza chiridzwa ichi "Goriyati".

Pakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, Paris yakaona octobass mita imwe yakakura kupfuura Chirungu. Yakagadzirwa naJean Baptiste Vuillaume. Tenzi akagadzirisa zvinovaka kuita kuti kuridza iyo hombe kaviri bass technically kunetsa. Akashongedzera chiridzwa chine tambo chine tambo yekudhonza, iyo yaityairwa nenhevedzano yemalever kumusoro uye mapedals kuzasi.

The American John Geyer akaenda zvakatopfuura. Octobass yake yakanga yakareba inoshamisa - mamita mana nehafu. Yaisagona kuiswa mukamuri ipi zvayo. Zvaive zvakaoma chaizvo kuridza zviridzwa zvihombe. Vakaodzwa mwoyo nerunyoro rwavo. Kuenzaniswa nemabhesi maviri, yaive neruvara rudiki, kuzara, kana kudzika kwekurira.

Nokufamba kwenguva, vachiona kusasimba kweiyo pfungwa, vatenzi vakamira kuyedza nehukuru hwenyaya. Vakadzosa pfungwa dzavo kumabhesi maviri, kuvandudzika kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwana ruzha rwakaderera nekuwedzera tambo yechishanu mu "do" tuning ye counteroctave. Manzwi ekuwedzera epasi akaitwawo kuti agoneke nemuchina chaiwo uno“rebesa” tambo yakaderera.

Maitiro ekutamba octobass

Nzira yekuridza "hofori" yakafanana nehunyanzvi hwekuridza mimhanzi paviolin kana chimwe chiridzwa chine tambo dzakakotamiswa. Mazana emakore apfuura, vaimbi vakakwira kune imwe nzvimbo inokosha, pedyo nayo iyo octobass yakaiswa. Asi kunyangwe chinzvimbo ichi chakakonzera matambudziko pakudzvanya tambo. Nokudaro, mukana wekukurumidza tempos, kusvetuka, ndima dzakabviswa. Zvakaoma kutamba kunyange chiyero chakareruka, sezvo ruzha rwayo ruchakanganiswa nekukosha kwepakati pakati pemanotsi.

Pakati pevanyori vakakurumbira, Richard Wagner akateerera zvikuru chikamu cheoctobass mumabasa ake. Akayedza kugadzira ruzha rwakakwana, kunyanya kunyorera hofori kaviri bass. Tchaikovsky, Berlioz, Brahms, Wagner akashandisa mukana wekudzikisa inzwi kusvika kumagumo. Vagadziri vemazuva ano vakarasikirwa nechido muchiridzwa, vanoishandisa zvakanyanya kashoma. Pakati pevakakurumbira, munhu anogona kuona basa re "Nhetembo ina" naAdam Gilberti.

Zvishandiso zvakafanana

Iwo maviri bass uye viola haasi iwo ega ayo masters akaedza nawo. Pakati petambo pane imwe "giant", iyo nhasi inogona kunzwika muvanhu ensembles. Iyi kaviri bass balalaika. Kureba kwayo kunosvika 1,7 metres. Pakati peimwe balalaikas, ine ruzha rwakadzika uye inoita basa rebass.

Kuwedzera kwehukuru kwakakanganisawo zviridzwa zvemhepo. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo contrabass saxophone yakaonekwa, inosvika mamita maviri kumusoro, contrabass nyere, saizi yemunhu. Munguva yekuvapo kweoctobass, zvirevo zvaiwanzoonekwa kuti vatenzi vakashanda pasina, chibereko chebasa ravo hachifadzi uye hachiwedzere kugona kweiyo orchestra.

Asi tsvakiridzo, kuyedza nema frequency akaderera akabvumira vaimbi kuita zvimwe zvakakosha zvakawanikwa. Kune tsika, basa revatenzi rinokosha. Oktobass yagara iri iyo yega chiridzwa chine ruzha runogumira pakugona kwekunzwa kwevanhu.