Chinese Folk Music: Tsika kuburikidza neMillennia

Tsika yemimhanzi yeChina yakatanga kubuda makore angangoita zviuru zvina apfuura. Madhanzi edzinza, nziyo, pamwe chete nezvimiro zvetsika zvakasiana-siana mumiitiro zvinorangarirwa kuva mavambo awo.

Kune vagari venyika ine vanhu vakawanda munyika, nziyo dzevanhu, kutamba, kuridza zviridzwa zvakakosha zvikuru. Zvinokosha kuti mazwi okuti "mimhanzi" uye "runako" anoratidzwa neiyo hieroglyph, ivo chete vanodudzwa zvakasiyana.

Zvimiro uye chimiro chemumhanzi weChinese

Vanhu veEurope vagara vachishamiswa netsika dzekuMabvazuva, vachizviona semusango uye zvisinganzwisisike. Pane tsananguro yeiyi pfungwa, nekuti mhanzi yechinyakare yeChinese ine maficha akajeka akasiyana, anosanganisira:

• kutungamirira rwiyo pamwe chete (kureva, mharidzo yakawanda ye monophonic, kubva iyo Europe yakatokwanisa kurumura);
• kupatsanurwa kwemimhanzi yose mumhando mbiri - yekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba (muchiitiko chekutanga, basa guru rinopiwa kune zviridzwa zvinorohwa; mune yechipiri, timbre uye mavara emanzwiro erwiyo zvakakosha kudarika rhythm);
• iyo predominance yemafungiro ekufungisisa pamusoro pemufananidzo wechiito (veEurope vanoshandiswa kutamba mumimhanzi);
• special modal organisation: pachinzvimbo chenguva dzose huru uye duku kune nzeve, kune pentatonic scale pasina semitones; chikero chakanyatsorongwa nhanho nomwe uye, pakupedzisira, hurongwa hwe "lu-lu" hwemanzwi gumi nemaviri;
• rhythm variability - kuchinja nguva dzose kweakaenzana uye isinganzwisisike, kushandiswa kwehukuru hwakaoma hwemimhanzi;
• kubatana kwenhetembo, mutinhimira uye zvimiro zvefonetiki yekutaura kwevanhu.

Magamba, mutinhimira wakajeka, kupfava kwemutauro wekuimba ndiwo hunhu hwemumhanzi wechinyakare wekuChina. Nziyo dzekumaodzanyemba dzakange dzakasiyana zvakanyanya - mabasa akazadzwa nemashoko, kugadziridzwa kwekuita, vakashandisa pentatonic scale.

Pakati pemoyo wehuzivi hweChinese ndeye hylozoism, dzidziso inoreva raramo yepasi rose yezvinhu. Izvi zvinoratidzwa mumhanzi weChina, iyo dingindira guru iro riri kubatana kwevanhu uye zvisikwa. Nokudaro, mukuwirirana nemirangariro yeConfucius, nziyo dzakanga dziri chinhu chinokosha mudzidzo yavanhu uye nzira yokuwana nayo tsinhirano yenzanga. ChiTao chakagovera unyanzvi basa rechimwe chinhu chinoparira kubatanidzwa kwomunhu nechisiko, uye chiBuddha chakasanangura nheyo yakavanzika iyo inobetsera munhu kuvandudza mumudzimu ndokunzwisisa musimboti wokuvapo.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzeChinese Music

Kupfuura zviuru zvezviuru zvemakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakore ekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekumabvazuva, mhando dzinotevera dzechinyakare mimhanzi yeChinese dzakaumbwa:

• songs;
• kutamba;
• Chinese opera;
• basa rekushandisa.

Chimiro, maitiro uye runako rwekuita hazvina kumbobvira zvave zvakanyanya maficha enziyo dzechiChinese. Kusika kwairatidza hunhu hwematunhu enyika, mararamiro evanhu, uye zvakare kugutsa zvinodiwa nehurumende zveparaganda.

Kutamba kwakava rudzi rwakasiyana rwetsika dzeChinese chete muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, pakagadzirwa theatre uye opera yechinyakare. Zvaiitwa setsika kana kuti mitambo, kazhinji padare ramambo.

Chinese chinyakare erhu violin uye piano

Mhando dzenziyo dzeChinese

Mabasa akaitwa kunyange nguva yedu isati yasvika, aiwanzoimba nezvezvisikwa, hupenyu, nyika yakapoteredza. Nziyo dzakawanda dzeChinese dzakatsaurirwa kumhuka ina - dhiragoni, phoenix, qilin (chikara chishamiso, rudzi rwechimera) uye turtle. Izvi zvinoratidzwa mumazita emabasa akasvika kunguva yedu (somuenzaniso, “Mazana eshiri anonamata phoenix”).

Gare gare, kwakava nenziyo dzakawanda maererano nemadingindira. Vakakamurwa kuva:

• nziyo dzebasa (dzinoperekedza basa romumunda, mabasa okuredza, vatakuri vanofamba);
• kupikisa (kufumura chiokomuhomwe, hutsinye hwevaridzi vemba);
• rudo nemhuri (pamusoro poukama huri pakati pavarume navakadzi, upenyu hwavo; nziyo itsva dzinoratidzira chinjo muupenyu hwemhuri pashure pechinjo);
• kutamba, komiki (zvinosetsa mamiriro, nguva dzinofadza dzinotsanangurwa);
• lyrical (inotsanangura chiitiko chaicho, zvichiita kuti chinzwisiswe kune vese vateereri; munziyo dzechiChinese, magamba haana mazita).

Mhando dzekutamba kweChinese

Kuisa muunyanzvi hwemhando iyi ndiko kwakaoma zvikuru, sezvo kuChina kunogara mapoka emarudzi anenge 60, rimwe nerimwe rine matambiro echivanhu akasiyana.

"Kutamba kweshumba" uye "kutamba kweshato" kunoonekwa sekutanga. Yekutanga inozivikanwa seyakakweretwa, sezvo shumba dzisingawanikwe muChina. Vatambi vanopfeka samambo wemhuka. Yechipiri yaiwanzova rutivi rwetsika yokudana mvura.

Madhanzi echiChinese emazuva ano edhiragoni anoitwa nevarume vakawanda vakabata shato yakareruka pamatanda. MuChina, kune marudzi anopfuura 700 echiito ichi.

Tsika dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kuverengerwa kune dzinonakidza dzeChinese mhando dzekutamba. Vakakamurwa kuva mapoka matatu:

1. mutambo we<em>yi, wakanga uri rutivi rwomutambo waConfucius;
2. nuo dance, iyo mweya yakaipa inodzingwa nayo;
3. Tsam kutamba kubva kuTibet.

Sezvineiwo, zvechinyakare kutamba kweChinese kunoshandiswa kune hutano. Kazhinji inosanganisira zvinhu zvekumabvazuva martial arts. Muenzaniso wekare ndeye tai chi, iyo inoitwa nezviuru zveChinese mangwanani mumapaki.

Zviridzwa zvechivanhu

Mimhanzi yeChina yekare yaisanganisira zviuru zvezviridzwa zvakasiyana, zvizhinji zvacho, nhamo, zvakanyura mukukanganwa. Zviridzwa zvechiChinese zvemimhanzi zvinokamurwa zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekuburitsa ruzha:

• zviridzwa zvine tambo: sanxian, guzheng, kunhou, liuqin, pipa nenhamba yakasiyana yetambo;
• zhu - samakandira;
• nezviridzwa zvine hungiso zvine uta: erhu, dahu, leiqin, zhonghu;
• woodwind zviridzwa: guan (a kind of oboe), dizi (bamboo flute), sheng (muromo nhengo, zviri nyore - rudzi harmonica);
• zviridzwa: gong (metal disk), paygu (timpani type drum).

Nzvimbo ye Folk Muimbi muChinese Tsika

Vatambi, avo vakavandudza tsika dzevanhu mubasa ravo, vakaita basa guru padare. Muzvinyorwa zveChina kubva muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX BC, vaimbi vairatidzwa sevatakuri vehunhu uye vanofunga zvematongerwo enyika.

Kubva kuHan Dynasty kusvika kunguva yeSouthern and Northern Kingdoms, tsika dzakasangana nekukwira kukuru, uye mimhanzi yemitambo yeConfucian uye varaidzo yenyika yakava nzira yakakosha yeunyanzvi hwematare. Kamuri yakakosha yeYuefu, yakatangwa mudare, yakaunganidza nziyo dzechivanhu.

Kubva muzana ramakore rechi300 AD, kuita kweochestra yemhanzi yechinyakare yeChinese yakatanga. Zvikwata izvi zvakaverengerwa kubva ku700 kusvika kuXNUMX vatambi. Kugadzirwa kweOrchestral kwakapesvedzera kumwe kushanduka kwenziyo dzevanhu.

Kutanga kwekutonga kweQin Dynasty (XVI yezana ramakore) yakaperekedzwa neruzhinji democratization yetsika. Mutambo wemimhanzi wakatangwa. Gare gare, nekuda kwekuoma kwemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika emukati, nguva yekuderera yakatanga, maokestra edare akabviswa. Zvisinei, magamuchidzanwa etsika anopfuurira kurarama muzvinyorwa zvemazana evaimbi vorudzi vakatanhamara.

Iko kuita kwakasiyana-siyana kwemimhanzi yechinyakare yeChinese inotsanangurwa nehupfumi hwetsika ruzivo uye kuumbwa kwemarudzi mazhinji ehuwandu. "Kusaziva uye kusaziva" kwezvinyorwa zveChinese, sezvakataurwa naBerlioz, zvakapera kare. Vanyori vemazuva ano vechiChinese vanopa mutereri kuti aone kusiyana-siyana kwekugadzira, nokuti mune izvi zvakasiyana-siyana kunyange muteereri anonyanya kukurumidza achawana zvaanoda.

Kudhanha kweChinese "Guanyin ine chiuru"