Leontyne Price |

Leontyne Price

Paakabvunzwa kana ruvara rweganda ruchigona kukanganisa basa romuiti weopera, Leontina Price akapindura neiyi nzira: “Kana vari vanoyemura, hazvivavhiringidzi. Asi kwandiri, semuimbi, zvachose. Pa "inobereka" giramufoni rekodhi, ndinogona kurekodha chero chinhu. Asi, kutaura chokwadi, kutaridzika kwese pa opera nhanho kunondiunzira kufara uye kunetseka kwakabatana nekugadzira, kuita uye zvichingodaro. SaDesdemona kana Elizabeth, ndinonzwa zvakanyanya pachikuva kupfuura saAida. Ndosaka "live" repertoire yangu isina kukura sezvandinoda kuti ive. Hazvina maturo kutaura, basa remuimbi weopera ane ganda rakasviba rakaoma, kunyange kana remangwana risina kumudzivisa inzwi rake.

Mary Violet Leontina Price akaberekwa musi waFebruary 10, 1927 kumaodzanyemba kweUnited States, muguta reLaurel (Mississippi), mumhuri yeNegro yemushandi wemapuranga.

Pasinei nemari shoma, vabereki vakaedza kupa mwanasikana wavo dzidzo, uye iye, kusiyana nevakawanda vezera rake, akakwanisa kupedza kudzidza kukoreji muWilferforce uye kutora zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvemimhanzi. Kupfuurirazve, nzira ingadai yakavharwa kwaari dai pasina tsaona yekutanga inofadza: imwe yemhuri dzakapfuma yakamugadza kuti adzidze paChikoro cheJuilliard chakakurumbira.

Pane imwe nguva, pane imwe yemakonzati evadzidzi, mutungamiriri wedhipatimendi rezwi, anzwa Leontina kuimba rwiyo rwaDido, haana kukwanisa kudzora kufara kwake: "Musikana uyu achazivikanwa nenyika yose yemimhanzi mumakore mashomanana!"

Pane kumwe kuita kwemudzidzi, musikana wechidiki wechiNegro akanzwikwa nemutsoropodzi akakurumbira uye munyori Virgil Thomson. Akave wekutanga kunzwa tarenda rake rinoshamisa uye akamukoka kuti aite dambarefu rake mumutambo unotevera wekomiki opera yake The Four Saints. Kwemavhiki akati wandei akazviratidza pachikuva uye akakwezva pfungwa dzevatsoropodzi. Panguva iyoyo, boka duku reNegro "Evrimen-Opera" rakanga richitsvaga mutambi wechikamu chikuru chevakadzi mumutambo weGershwin "Porgy uye Bess". Sarudzo yakawira paMutengo.

“Vhiki mbiri chaidzo muna April 1952, ndaiimba zuva nezuva paBroadway,” anoyeuka kudaro muimbi wacho, “izvi zvakandibatsira kuziva Ira Gershwin, mukoma waGeorge Gershwin uye munyori wezvinyorwa zveakawanda emabasa ake. Nenguva isipi ndakadzidza Bess aria kubva kuna Porgy naBess, uye pandakaiimba kekutanga, ndakabva ndakokwa kuchikamu chikuru muiyi opera.

Mumakore matatu akatevera, muimbi wechidiki, pamwe chete neboka, vakafamba kumaguta akawanda muUnited States, uye dzimwe nyika - Germany, England, France. Kwese kwese aikwezva vateereri nekutendeseka kwekududzira, kugona kutaura kwakanaka. Vatsoropodzi vaigara vachicherekedza kuita kwakanaka kwechikamu chaLeonty cheBess.

Muna Gumiguru 1953, muhoro yeLibhurari yeCongress muWashington, muimbi wechidiki akaita kekutanga kutenderera kwezwi "Songs of the Hermit" naSamuel Barber. Kutenderera kwacho kwakanyatso kunyorwa zvichienderana nekugona kutaura kwaMutengo. Muna Mbudzi 1954, Price akaimba kekutanga semuimbi wekonzati paTown Hall muNew York. Mumwaka mumwe chete, anoimba neBoston Symphony Orchestra. Izvi zvakateverwa nemitambo nePhiladelphia Orchestra uye mamwe madhiri esymphony eAmerica muLos Angeles, Cincinnati, Washington.

Pasinei nekubudirira kwake kuri pachena, Mutengo waigona kungorota nhanho yeMetropolitan Opera kana Chicago Lyric Opera - kupinda kune vaimbi veNegro kwakavharwa. Pane imwe nguva, nekubvuma kwake, Leontina akambofunga nezvekupinda mujazi. Asi, paakanzwa muimbi wechiBulgarian Lyuba Velich mubasa raSalome, uye mune mamwe mabasa, pakupedzisira akasarudza kuzvipira kune opera. Kushamwaridzana nemuimbi ane mukurumbira kubvira ipapo kwakava tsigiro huru yetsika kwaari.

Sezvineiwo, rimwe zuva rakanaka, kukokwa kwekuimba Tosca muchirongwa cheterevhizheni chakatevera. Mushure mekuita uku, zvakava pachena kuti nyeredzi chaiyo ye opera siteji yakazvarwa. Tosca akateverwa neThe Magic Flute, Don Giovanni, zvakare paterevhizheni, uyezve mutambi mutsva panhandare yeopera muSan Francisco, uko Price akatora chikamu mukuita kweOpera yaF. Poulenc Dialogues of the Carmelites. Saka, muna 1957, basa rake rakanaka rakatanga.

Muimbi ane mukurumbira Rosa Ponselle akayeuka musangano wake wekutanga naLeontina Price:

"Mushure mekunge aimba imwe yandaifarira opera arias "Pace, pace, mio ​​Dio" kubva "The Force of Destiny", ndakaona kuti ndaiteerera rimwe remanzwi aishamisa kwazvo enguva yedu. Asi kugona kutaura kwakanaka hakusi kwese muhunyanzvi. Nguva zhinji ndakasumwa kune vaimbi vechidiki vane zvipo avo vakazotadza kuziva kugona kwavo kwakapfuma.

Naizvozvo, nekufarira uye - ini handisi kuvanza - nekushushikana kwemukati, ndakaedza muhurukuro yedu refu kuti ndione muhunhu hwake hunhu, munhu. Uye ipapo ndakaona kuti mukuwedzera kune izwi rinoshamisa uye mumhanzi, anewo humwe hunhu hwakakosha kune muimbi - kuzvitsoropodza, kuzvininipisa, kugona kuzvipira kukuru nekuda kwehunyanzvi. Uye ndakaona kuti musikana uyu akarongedzerwa kugona hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, kuve muimbi ane mukurumbira.

Muna 1958, Price akaita mutambo wake wekukunda saAida kunzvimbo nhatu huru dzekuEurope dzeOpera - Vienna Opera, London's Covent Garden Theatre uye Verona Arena Festival. Mune basa rimwe chetero, muimbi wekuAmerica akakwira pachinhanho cheLa Scala kekutanga muna 1960. Vatsoropodzi vakabvumirana vakagumisa kuti: Mutengo pasina mubvunzo mumwe wevakanyanya kuita basa iri muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX: "Mutambi mutsva webasa Aida, Leontina Price, anosanganisa mukududzira kwake kudziya uye kuda kwaRenata Tebaldi nemimhanzi uye kupinza kweruzivo runosiyanisa dudziro yaLeonia Rizanek. Mutengo akakwanisa kugadzira organic fusion yeakanakisa tsika dzemazuva ano dzekuverenga chikamu ichi, achichipfumisa neake ehunyanzvi intuition uye yekugadzira fungidziro.

"Aida mufananidzo wemuvara wangu, kuenzanisa uye kupfupisa rudzi rwese, kondinendi yese," anodaro Price. - Anonyanya kuswedera pedyo neni nekugadzirira kwake kuzvipira, nyasha, psyche ye heroine. Kune mifananidzo mishoma muzvinyorwa zveoperatic umo isu, vaimbi vatema, tinogona kuzviratidza nekuzara kwakadaro. Ndosaka ndichida Gershwin zvakanyanya, nekuti akatipa Porgy naBess.

Muimbi anoshingairira, ane shungu akakwezva vateereri vekuEurope naye kunyange, akazadza soprano yake ine simba, yakasimba zvakaenzana mumarejista ese, uye nekugona kwake kusvika kumagumo anonakidza, kusununguka kwekuita uye kuravira chaiko kwekuzvarwa.

Kubva 1961, Leontina Price anga ari soloist neMetropolitan Opera. Musi waNdira XNUMX, achaita debut yake pachikuva cheNew York theatre ine mukurumbira mune opera Il trovatore. Mutsindo wemimhanzi hauna kusvetuka pakurumbidza: "Izwi raMwari", "Runako rwenziyo rwakakwana", "Nhetembo dzeMumhanzi waVerdi".

Yakanga iri panguva iyo, pakupera kwe60s, iyo musana weimba repertoire yakaumbwa, iyo yaisanganisira, kuwedzera kuna Tosca naAida, uyewo zvikamu zveLeonora muIl trovatore, Liu muTurandot, Carmen. Gare gare, apo Mutengo wakanga watova pakakwirira mukurumbira, runyoro urwu rwaigara ruchivandudzwa nemapato matsva, arias matsva uye rudo, nziyo dzevanhu.

Imwezve basa remuimbi iketani yekukunda kunoenderera pamatanho akasiyana epasi. Muna 1964, akaimba muMoscow sechikamu cheboka reLa Scala, akaimba muVerdi's Requiem inoitiswa naKarajan, uye Muscovites akatenda hunyanzvi hwake. Kudyidzana neAustria maestro kazhinji rave rimwe remapeji akakosha ehupenyu hwake hwekusika. Kwemakore akawanda mazita avo akanga asingaparadzanisiki pamakonti nemaposita emitambo, pamarekodhi. Uhu hushamwari hwekusika hwakazvarwa muNew York pane imwe yekudzidzira, uye kubvira ipapo yave ichinzi "Karajan's soprano". Pasi pehungwaru hwehungwaru hwaKarayan, muimbi weNegro akakwanisa kuburitsa zvakanakisa zvetarenda rake uye nekuwedzera mutsara wake wekugadzira. Kubva ipapo, uye nekusingaperi, zita rake rakapinda muvakuru vepasirese vocal art.

Pasinei nechibvumirano neMetropolitan Opera, muimbi akapedza nguva yakawanda yenguva yake muEurope. "Kwatiri, ichi chinhu chakajairika," akaudza vatori venhau, "uye zvinotsanangurwa nekushaikwa kwebasa muUnited States: kune dzimba shoma dzeopera, asi kune vaimbi vakawanda."

“Zvakawanda zvezvakarekodhwa zvemuimbi zvinoonekwa nevatsoropodzi sezvinobatsira zvikuru pakuimba kwazvino uno,” anodaro mutsoropodzi wenziyo VV Timokhin. - Akarekodha imwe yemapati ake ekorona - Leonora muVerdi's Il trovatore - katatu. Imwe neimwe yeaya marekodhi ine kwayo kwayo, asi pamwe inonyanya kushamisa ndeye kurekodha kwakaitwa muna 1970 mumubatanidzwa naPlacido Domingo, Fiorenza Cossotto, Sherrill Milnes. Mutengo unonzwa hunhu hwerwiyo rwaVerdi, kubhururuka kwaro, kupinda mukati uye runako. Inzwi remuimbi wacho rakazara nepurasitiki inoshamisa, kuchinjika, kubvunda kwemweya. Kudetemba kwakadini kwake aria yaLeonora kubva pachiito chekutanga inonzwika, umo Mutengo unounza panguva imwechete kunzwa kwekunetseka kusinganzwisisiki, kufara kwepfungwa. Kusvika pamwero mukuru, izvi zvinofambiswa neiyo chaiyo "yakasviba" ruvara rweizwi remuimbi, iro rakamubatsira zvakanyanya pabasa raCarmen, uye mumabasa eiyo Italian repertoire, achivapa hunhu hwemukati mutambo. Leonora's aria uye "Miserere" kubva pachiitiko chechina che opera ndezvimwe zvepamusoro zvakabudirira zvaLeontina Price muItari opera. Pano iwe hauzive chekuyemura zvakanyanya - rusununguko runoshamisa uye hunyanzvi hwekutaura, izwi parinoshanduka kuita chiridzwa chakakwana, chisingaperi pasi pemugadziri, kana kuzvipa, kupisa kwehunyanzvi, kana chifananidzo, hunhu hunonzwika mukati. mazwi ese akaimbwa. Mutengo unoimba zvinoshamisa mune ese ensemble zviitiko izvo opera Il trovatore yakapfuma kwazvo. Iye ndiye mweya weiyi ensembles, hwaro hwekusimbisa. Inzwi raPrice rinoita kunge rakatora nhetembo dzese, kukurumidza kukuru, runako rwenziyo uye kutendeseka kwakadzama kwemimhanzi yaVerdi.

Muna 1974, pakuvhurwa kwemwaka paSan Francisco Opera House, Mutengo unokwezva vateereri nemaitiro echokwadi ekuita kwaManon Lescaut muOpera yaPuccini yezita rimwe chetero: akaimba chikamu cheManon kekutanga.

Mukupera kwema70s, muimbi wacho akaderedza zvakanyanya nhamba yemitambo yake yeopera. Panguva imwecheteyo, mumakore aya akatendeukira kune zvikamu izvo, sezvazvakaita kare, hazvina kunyatsoenderana netarenda remuiti. Zvakakwana kutaura nezvekuita muna 1979 kuMetropolitan yebasa reAriadne muR. Strauss's opera Ariadne auf Naxos. Mushure meizvozvo, vatsoropodzi vazhinji vakaisa muimbi padivi nevaimbi veStraussian vakatanhamara munzvimbo iyi.

Kubva 1985, Price yakaramba ichiimba semuimbi wekamuri. Hezvino izvo VV akanyora mukutanga 80s. Timokhin: “Zvirongwa zvemazuva ano zvePrice, muimbi wekamuri, anopupurira idi rokuti haana kuchinja manzwire aaimboita manzwi echiGerman neFrench. Ehe, anoimba zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kupfuura mumakore ehudiki hwake hwehunyanzvi. Chokutanga pane zvose, iyo chaiyo timbre "spectrum" yezwi rake yakashanduka - yakava yakawanda "yakasviba", yakawanda. Asi, sepakutanga, kutsvedza, kunaka kweinjiniya yeinjiniya, manzwiro emuimbi akajeka ekushanduka kwe "fluidity" yemutsara wezwi zvinokatyamadza ... "