Adelina Patti (Adelina Patti) |

Adelina patti

Patti mumwe wevamiriri vakuru veiyo virtuoso kutungamira. Panguva imwecheteyo, aivewo mutambi ane tarenda, kunyangwe hunyanzvi hwake hwekusika hwaive hwakaganhurirwa kunyanya kumitambo yemakodhi uye nziyo. Mumwe mutsoropodzi akatanhamara akati nezvaPatti: “Ane inzwi guru, idzva zvikuru, rinoshamisa nokuda kwokukwezva nesimba rezvinofungwa, inzwi risina misodzi, asi rakazara nokunyemwerera.”

“Mumitambo yeopera yakavakirwa pazviitiko zvinoshamisa, Patti ainyanya kukwezvwa nokusuwa kusingadzoreki, unyoro, nziyo dzinopinza kupfuura zvishuwo zvakasimba uye zvinopisa,” anodaro VV Timokhin. -Munzvimbo dzaAmina, Lucia, Linda, muimbi akafadza vanhu vepanguva yake zvakanyanya nekureruka kwechokwadi, kutendeseka, kungwara kwehunyanzvi - hunhu huri mumabasa ake enyambo ...

Vakararama panguva iyoyo vakawana izwi remuimbi, kunyangwe risina kunyanya kusimba, rakasiyana mukupfava, kutsva, kuchinjika uye kupenya, uye kunaka kwetimbre kwakanyatso hypnot vateereri. Patty aikwanisa kuwana mutsara kubva ku "si" weoctave diki kusvika "fa" yechitatu. Mumakore ake akanakisa, haana kumbofanira "kuimba" pamutambo kana konzati kuti zvishoma nezvishoma apinde muchimiro - kubva pamitsara yekutanga airatidza kuve akashongedzerwa nehunyanzvi hwake. Kuzara kweruzha uye kuchena kusingagoneki kweinzwi kwagara kuri mukati mukuimba kwemuimbi, uye hunhu hwekupedzisira hwakarasika chete paakashandisa kumanikidza kwezwi rake muzvikamu zvinoshamisa. Maitiro aPatti anoshamisa, kurerukirwa kunoshamisa uko muimbi akaita zvinhu zvakaoma kunzwisisa (kunyanya matrills uye zvikero zvechromatic zvinokwira), zvakamutsa kuyemura kwepasirese.

Chokwadi, kuguma kwaAdeline Patti kwakatemwa pakuzvarwa. Chokwadi ndechekuti akaberekwa (Kukadzi 19, 1843) mukuvaka kweMadrid Opera. Amai vaAdeline vakaimba chikamu chemusoro mu "Norma" pano maawa mashoma asati azvarwa! Baba vaAdeline, Salvatore Patti, vaivawo muimbi.

Mushure mokuberekwa kwemusikana - atova mwana wechina, inzwi remuimbi rakarasikirwa neunhu hwaro hwakanakisisa, uye nokukurumidza akabva panhandare. Uye muna 1848, mhuri yekwaPatty yakaenda mhiri kwemakungwa kunotsvaga hupfumi hwavo ndokugara muNew York.

Adeline anga achifarira opera kubva paudiki. Kazhinji, pamwe chete nevabereki vake, akashanyira New York yemitambo, uko vaimbi vakawanda vakakurumbira panguva iyoyo.

Achitaura nezveuduku hwaPatti, munyori wenhoroondo yeupenyu hwake Theodore de Grave anotaura chimwe chiitiko chinoda kuziva kuti: “Ndichidzokera kumba rimwe zuva pashure pekuimba kwaNorma, panguva iyo vaimbi vakaombera maoko nemaruva, Adeline akatora mukana wenguva apo mhuri yakanga yakabatikana nekudya kwemanheru. , ndokupinda chinyararire mumba maamai vake. Achipinda mukati, musikana - anga asina makore matanhatu panguva iyoyo - akazviputira gumbeze, akaisa wreta mumusoro make - kurangarira kumwe kukunda kwaamai vake - uye, achiisa zvakakosha pamberi pegirazi, aine mweya wedebutante aine chokwadi chakadzama nezvekuita kwaakaita, akaimba nhanganyaya aria Norma. Apo izwi rokupedzisira reinzwi romwana rakaoma mumhepo, iye, achipfuura mubasa revateereri, akazvipa mubayiro nokuombera maoko kwakasimba, akabvisa korona mumusoro make ndokuikanda pamberi pake, kuti, achiisimudza, iye kuve nemukana wekuita hunyoro hweuta, hwakadaidzwa nemuimbi kana kutenda vateereri vake.

Tarenda isina magumo yaAdeline yakamubvumira, mushure mekudzidza kwenguva pfupi nemukoma wake Ettore muna 1850, pazera remakore manomwe (!), Kuita pachikuva. Vanoda mimhanzi yeNew York vakatanga kutaura pamusoro pemuimbi wechidiki, uyo anoimba classical arias neunyanzvi husinganzwisisiki hwezera rake.

Vabereki vakanzwisisa kuti mitambo yapakuvamba yakadaro yakanga ine ngozi sei nokuda kwenzwi romwanasikana wavo, asi chikonzero chacho chakanga chisina imwe nzira yokubuda nayo. Makonzati matsva aAdeline muWashington, Philadelphia, Boston, New Orleans nemamwe maguta eAmerica akabudirira zvikuru. Akaendawo kuCuba neAntilles. Kwemakore mana, muimbi wechidiki akaita kanopfuura mazana matatu!

Muna 1855, Adeline, apedza zvachose kuridza konzati, akatanga kudzidza repertoire yokuItaly naStrakosh, murume wehanzvadzi yake mukuru. Akanga ari iye oga, kunze kwehanzvadzi yake, mudzidzisi wezwi. Pamwe chete naStrakosh, akagadzirira mitambo gumi nemapfumbamwe. Panguva imwe cheteyo, Adeline akadzidza piyano nehanzvadzi yake Carlotta.

"November 24, 1859 rakanga riri zuva rinokosha munhoroondo yemitambo yemitambo," anonyora VV Timokhin. - Pazuva iri, vateereri veNew York Academy yeMimhanzi vaivepo pakuzvarwa kwemuimbi mutsva ane mukurumbira opera: Adeline Patti akamuita debut yake pano muDonizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor. Runako rwezwi risingawanzoitiki uye unyanzvi hunoshamisa hwemuimbi zvakakonzera kuombera maoko kune ruzha kubva kuvanhu. Mumwaka wekutanga, anoimba nekubudirira kukuru mune gumi nemana mamwe maopera uyezve kushanya maguta eAmerica, panguva ino aine mukurumbira wekuNorwegian violinist Ole Bull. Asi Patty haana kufunga kuti mukurumbira waakanga awana muNyika Itsva wakanga wakakwana; Musikana wechidiki akamhanyira kuEurope kunorwira ikoko kodzero yekunzi muimbi wekutanga wenguva yake.

Musi waMay 14, 1861, anozviratidza pamberi peLondoners, vakazadza Covent Garden theatre kuti ifashukire, mubasa raAmina (Bellini's La sonnambula) uye anokudzwa nekukunda kwakambowira mujenya, zvichida, chete yePasta. uye Malibran. Mune ramangwana, muimbi akaunza vadi vemimhanzi yemuno nekududzira kwake zvikamu zveRosina (The Barber of Seville), Lucia (Lucia di Lammermoor), Violetta (La Traviata), Zerlina (Don Giovanni), Marta (Marta Flotov) , uyo akabva angomusarudza kuti ave nhengo dzevatambi vane mukurumbira pasi rose.

Kunyangwe gare gare Patti akadzokorora kuenda kunyika dzakawanda muEurope neAmerica, yaive England iyo yaakapa huzhinji hwehupenyu hwake (pekupedzisira achigara ikoko kubva mukupera kwema90s). Zvakakwana kutaura kuti kwemakore makumi maviri nematatu (1861-1884) nekutora chikamu kwake, mitambo yaigara ichiitwa kuCovent Garden. Hapana imwe theatre yakamboona Patti pachikuva kwenguva yakareba kudaro. "

Muna 1862, Patti akaita muMadrid neParis. Adeline akabva angove mudiwa wevateereri veFrance. Mutsoropodzi Paolo Scyudo, achifunga nezvekuita kwake basa raRosina muThe Barber yeSeville, akati: “Siren inonakidza yakapofumadza Mario, yakamuita kuti asanzwe nekudzvanya kwekaseti yake. Zvechokwadi, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, hapana Mario kana ani zvake ari kunze kwemubvunzo; vese vakavharika - nekusazvidira, chete Adeline Patty anotaurwa, nezve nyasha dzake, hudiki, izwi rinoshamisa, hunhu hunoshamisa, kugona kuzvipira uye, pakupedzisira ... kune izwi revatongi vasingasaruri, pasina izvo zvaasingakwanisi kusvika kune apogee yeunyanzvi hwake. Pamusoro pazvose, anofanirwa kungwarira kurumbidza kwechido uko vatsoropodzi vake vakagadzirira kumurova - avo vepanyama, kunyangwe vavengi vane hunhu hwekuravira veruzhinji. Kurumbidza kwevatsoropodzi vakadaro kwakaipisisa kupfuura kutsiura kwavo, asi Patti inyanzvi inonzwira tsitsi zvokuti, pasina mubvunzo, hazvizomuomereri kuwana inzwi rokuzvidzora uye risina rusaruro pakati peboka rinofara, inzwi romurume anobayira. zvese kuchokwadi uye akagadzirira kuzvitaura nguva dzose nekutenda kuzere mukusagoneka kwekutyisidzira. tarenda risingarambiki.”

Guta raitevera apo Patty akanga akamirira kubudirira rakanga riri St. Musi waNdira 2, 1869, muimbi akaimba muLa Sonnambula, uyezve kwakave nekuridza muLucia di Lammermoor, The Barber yeSeville, Linda di Chamouni, L'elisir d'amore uye Don Pasquale waDonizetti. Nekuita kwega kwega, mukurumbira waAdeline wakawedzera. Pakupera kwemwaka, veruzhinji vakamuziva semuimbi akasarudzika, asingaenzaniswi.

PI Tchaikovsky akanyora mune chimwe chezvinyorwa zvake zvinotsoropodza: ​​“… Mai Patti, mukururama kwese, vakaiswa pachinzvimbo chekutanga pakati pevane mukurumbira mukutaura kwemakore akawanda akatevedzana. Inoshamisa muruzha, yakakura mukutambanudza uye inzwi resimba, kuchena kusingaite uye kureruka mucoloratura, kungwara kunoshamisa uye kutendeseka kwehunyanzvi kwaanoita chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvake, nyasha, kudziya, kunaka - zvese izvi zvinosanganiswa muiyi inoshamisa muimbi muchikamu chakakodzera uye. mune harmonic chikamu. Uyu ndemumwe wevashoma vakasarudzwa vanogona kuverengerwa pakati pekutanga-kirasi yekutanga-kirasi hunyanzvi hunhu.

Kwemakore mapfumbamwe, muimbi aigara achiuya kuguta guru reRussia. Matambiro aPatty akawana wongororo dzakasiyana kubva kuvatsoropodzi. Sangano remimhanzi rePetersburg rakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: vateveri vaAdeline - "pattists" uye vatsigiri vemumwe muimbi ane mukurumbira, Nilson - "Nilsonists".

Zvichida ongororo yakanyatsonangana yehunyanzvi hwekuita kwaPatty yakapihwa naLaroche: “Anokwezva kusanganiswa kwezwi rinoshamisa nekugona kunoshamisa kwekutaura. Inzwi rakanyanya kushamisa: iyi sonority yezvinyorwa zvepamusoro, iyi yakakura vhoriyamu yerejista yepamusoro uye panguva imwe chete iyi simba, iyi inenge mezzo-soprano density yerejista yepasi, ichi mwenje, yakavhurika timbre, panguva imwe chete chiedza. uye zvakatenderedzwa, zvese izvi hunhu pamwe chete zvinoumba chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa. Zvakawanda zvakataurwa pamusoro peunyanzvi hunoitwa naPatty zvikero, matrills, nezvimwe zvakadaro, zvokuti hapana chandinowana chekuwedzera pano; Ndichangoona chete kuti pamwe rumbidzo huru inokodzera pfungwa yechiyero chaanoita chete matambudziko anowanikwa kune izwi… Matauriro ake - mune zvese zviri nyore, zvekutamba uye zvinofadza - hazvina kunaka, kunyangwe mune izvi. zvinhu zvandisina kuwana kunze kwekuzara kwehupenyu izvo dzimwe nguva zvinowanikwa pakati pevaimbi vane mazwi mashoma… Pasina mubvunzo, nharaunda yake inogumira kune yakareruka uye virtuoso genre, uye chinamato chake semuimbi wekutanga wemazuva edu anoratidza chete kuti veruzhinji. inokoshesa rudzi urwu pamusoro pezvimwe zvese uye rwakagadzirira kupa zvimwe zvese.

Musi waKukadzi 1, 1877, kuita kwemutambi kwakaitika kuRigoletto. Hapana akafunga ipapo kuti mumufananidzo waGilda aizoonekwa pamberi pevanhu veSt. Manheru eLa Traviata, muimbi akabatwa nechando, uyezve, akangoerekana atsiva mutambi mukuru wechikamu chaAlfred nemudzidzi. Murume wemuimbi uyu, Marquis de Caux, akada kuti abvise kuita. Patti, mushure mekuzengurira kukuru, akasarudza kuimba. Pakumbozorora kwekutanga, akabvunza murume wake kuti: “Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinoita sokuti ndiri kuimba zvakanaka nhasi, pasinei nezvose?” "Ehe," akapindura marquis, "asi, ndingazviisa sei zvakanyanya, ndaimbokunzwa uri nani ..."

Mhinduro iyi yaiita sekuti muimbi haana diplomatic zvakakwana. Nehasha, akabvarura wigi yake ndokuikanda kumurume wake, achimubudisa mukamuri rokupfeka. Zvino, kupora zvishoma, muimbi wacho akasvitsa mutambo wacho kumagumo uye akaita, senguva dzose, kubudirira kukuru. Asi haana kukwanisa kukanganwira murume wake nekuda kwekutaura kwake pachena: munguva pfupi gweta rake muParis rakamupa chikumbiro chekurambana. Chiitiko ichi nemurume wake chakagamuchira kuziviswa kwakawanda, uye muimbi wacho akabva kuRussia kwenguva refu.

Zvichakadaro, Patti akaramba achiita pasi rose kwemamwe makore makumi maviri. Mushure mekubudirira kwake paLa Scala, Verdi akanyora mune imwe yetsamba dzake kuti: “Saka, Patti akabudirira zvikuru! Zvaifanira kudaro!.. Pandakamunzwa kekutanga (aive nemakore gumi nemasere) muLondon, handina kushamiswa kwete chete nekuita kunoshamisa, asiwo nezvimwe zvinhu mumutambo wake, umo kunyange ipapo. mutambi mukuru akaonekwa ... nguva iyoyo chaiyo… Ndakamutsanangura semuimbi uye mutambi akasarudzika. Sezvakasiyana mune art. "

Patti akapedza basa rake rematambo muna 1897 muMonte Carlo nemitambo yemaopera Lucia di Lammermoor uye La Traviata. Kubva panguva iyoyo, muimbi akazvipira kuita konzati chete. Muna 1904 akashanyira zvakare St. Petersburg uye akaimba nekubudirira kukuru.

Patti akati zvakanaka kuvanhu zvachose musi wa20 Gumiguru 1914 muLondon's Albert Hall. Akanga ava nemakore makumi manomwe okuberekwa. Uye kunyange zvazvo inzwi rake rakapera simba uye kutsva, mutinhimira wake wakaramba wakangonakawo.

Patti akapedza makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake ari pamuzinda wake wakanaka weCraig-ay-Nose muWells, kwaakafira musi waGunyana 27, 1919 (akavigwa mumakuva ePère Lachaise muParis).