Evgeny Gedeonovich Mogilevsky |

Evgeny Mogilevsky

Evgeny Gedeonovich Mogilevsky anobva kumhuri yemimhanzi. Vabereki vake vaiva vadzidzisi paOdessa Conservatory. Amai, Serafima Leonidovna, uyo akambodzidza naGG Neuhaus, kubva pakutanga akatarisira zvakakwana dzidzo yemwanakomana wake. Ari pasi pekutarisira kwake, akagara pasi papiyano kekutanga (iyi yaiva muna 1952, zvidzidzo zvakaitwa mukati memadziro echikoro chakakurumbira cheStolyarsky) uye iye, pazera remakore 18, akapedza chikoro ichi. "Zvinotendwa kuti hazvisi nyore kuti vabereki vari vaimbi vadzidzise vana vavo, uye kuti vana vadzidze vachitungamirirwa nehama dzavo," anodaro Mogilevsky. “Zvichida zvakadaro. Chete handina kuzvinzwa. Pandakauya kukirasi yaamai vangu kana kuti pataishanda pamba, pakanga paine mudzidzisi nemudzidzi vari pedyo nemumwe nemumwe - uye hapana chimwezve. Amai vaigara vachitsvaga chimwe chinhu chitsva - maitiro, nzira dzekudzidzisa. Ndaigara ndichimufarira. ”…

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Kubva 1963 Mogilevsky muMoscow. Kwenguva yakati, zvinosuruvarisa kuti pfupi, akadzidza naGG Neuhaus; mushure mekufa kwake, naSG Neuhaus uye, pakupedzisira, naYI Zak. "Kubva kuna Yakov Izrailevich ndakadzidza zvakawanda pane zvandaishaya panguva iyoyo. Achitaura nenzira yakanyanyisa, akaranga maitiro angu ekuita. Naizvozvo, mutambo wangu. Kukurukurirana naye, kunyange zvazvo zvaisava nyore kwandiri pane dzimwe nguva, kwakabetsera zvikuru. Handina kurega kudzidza naYakov Izrailevich kunyange pashure pokunge ndapedza kudzidza, ndichiramba ndiri mukirasi yake somubatsiri.

Kubva paudiki, Mogilevsky akajaira nhandare - pazera remakore mapfumbamwe akatamba pamberi pevateereri kekutanga, pagumi nerimwe aiimba ne orchestra. Kutanga kwebasa rake rekudhirowa kwakayeuchidza nezvehupenyu hwakafanana hwevana prodigies, nerufaro, chete kutanga. Geeks kazhinji "zvakakwana" kwenguva pfupi, kwemakore akati wandei; Mogilevsky, pane kudaro, akawedzera kufambira mberi gore negore. Uye paakanga ava nemakore gumi nemapfumbamwe, mukurumbira wake mumitambo yemimhanzi yakava pasi rose. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1964, muBrussels, paQueen Elizabeth Competition.

Akagamuchira mubairo wekutanga muBrussels. Kukunda kwakahwinwa mumakwikwi ayo ave achionekwa seimwe yeakanyanya kuoma: muguta guru reBelgium, nechikonzero chisina kujairika, unogona. usatora nzvimbo yemubayiro; haugoni kuzvitora netsaona. Pakati pevakwikwidzi vaMogilevsky pakanga paine vashoma vakanyatsodzidziswa piyano, kusanganisira akati wandei epamusoro-kirasi masters. Hazvigoneki kuti angadai akava wekutanga kana makwikwi akaitwa maererano nemaitiro "ayo maitiro ari nani". Zvese panguva ino zvakasarudza neimwe nzira - kunakisa kwetarenda rake.

Ya. I. Zak akambotaura pamusoro paMogilevsky kuti kune "yakawanda yerunako" mumutambo wake (Zak Ya. MuBrussels // Sov. Mimhanzi. 1964. No. 9. P. 72.). GG Neuhaus, akatosangana nejaya iri kwenguva pfupi, akakwanisa kuona kuti "aive akanaka zvakanyanya, ane runako rwemunhu, zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwake hwepanyama" (Neigauz GG Reflections yenhengo yejury // Neugauz GG Reflections, memoirs, diaries. Zvinyorwa zvakasarudzwa. Tsamba kuvabereki. P. 115.). Vese Zach naNeuhaus vakataura zvakanyanya nezve chinhu chimwe chete, kunyangwe nemazwi akasiyana. Ose aireva kuti kana runako rwuri hunhu hunokosha kunyangwe mune nyore, "mazuva ese" kutaurirana pakati pevanhu, saka zvakakosha sei kune muimbi - mumwe munhu anoenda pachikuva, anotaurirana nemazana, zviuru zvevanhu. Vose vakaona kuti Mogilevsky akapiwa chipo ichi chinofadza (uye chisingawanzoitiki!) Kubva pakuberekwa. Iyi "runako rwemunhu," sezvakataurwa naZach, yakaunza kubudirira kweMogilevsky mumitambo yake yehuduku; gare gare akasarudza hunyanzvi hwake hwekuita muBrussels. Ichiri kukwezva vanhu kumakonzati ake nanhasi.

(Kare, kanopfuura kamwechete zvakataurwa pamusoro pechinhu chikuru chinounza konzati nemitambo yemitambo pamwe chete. "Unoziva here vatambi vakadaro vanongofanira kuonekwa pachikuva, uye vateereri vanotovada?" akanyora KS Stanislavsky. " Nokuda kwechii? (Stanislavsky KS Zvishandire iwe pachako mukusika kwekuita muviri // Mabasa akaunganidzwa - M., 1955. T. 3. S. 234.))

Runako rweMogilevsky semutambi wemakonti, kana tikasiya "zvisinganzwisisike" uye "zvisingatsananguriki", zvatova nenzira chaiyo yekutaura kwake: zvinyoro, zvine rudo zvinoratidzira; matauriro emuimbi wepiyano-zvichemo, kugomera, “notsi” dzezvikumbiro zvounyoro, minyengetero inonyanya kutaurwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira kuita kwaMogilevsky kwekutanga kweChopin's Fourth Ballade, dingindira renziyo kubva kuTatu kufamba kweSchumann's Fantasy muC huru, iyo iriwo pakati pekubudirira kwake; munhu anogona kuyeuka zvakawanda muChipiri Sonata uye Yechitatu Concerto yeRachmaninov, mumabasa aTchaikovsky, Scriabin nevamwe vanyori. Inzwi rake repiyano zvakare rinoyevedza - kurira-rinotapira, dzimwe nguva zvinoyevedza, senge lyrical tenor mune opera - izwi rinoita kunge rakaputirwa nekunakidzwa, kudziya, uye kunhuhwirira kwemavara etimbre. (Dzimwe nguva, chimwe chinhu chinopisa, chinonhuhwirira, chine zvinonhuwira muruvara - chinoratidzika kunge chiri mumifananidzo yaMogilevsky, iyi haisi runako rwavo runokosha here?)

Pakupedzisira, maitiro emuimbi anokwezvawo, maitiro aanoita pamberi pevanhu: kutaridzika kwake pachikuva, kumira panguva yemutambo, majeti. Maari, mukutaridzika kwake kwese kuseri kwechiridzwa, mune zvese zviri mukati delicacy uye kubereka kwakanaka, izvo zvinokonzeresa maitiro ekuzvidira kwaari. Mogilevsky pa clavirabends yake haisi kungofadza kuteerera, inofadza kumutarisa.

Mutambi wacho akanyanya kunaka mune zverudo repertoire. Akagara achizviwanira mukurumbira mumabasa akadai saSchumann's Kreisleriana uye F anopinza diki novelta, Sonata yaLiszt muB madiki, etudes uye Petrarch's Sonnets, Fantasia naFugue pamadingindira eLiszt's opera The Prophet - Busoni, impromptu uye Musicalbert Mos. ”, sonatas uye Chopin Chechipiri Piano Concerto. Mumhanzi uyu ndimo umo maitiro ake kune vateereri anonyanya kuoneka, danho rake remagineti, kugona kwake kukuru kuuraya zviitiko zvavo zvevamwe. Zvinoitika kuti imwe nguva inopfuura mushure memusangano unotevera neanoridza piyano uye unotanga kufunga: pakanga pasina kupenya kwakawanda mukutaura kwake kwedariro kupfuura kudzika? Kuwedzera kukwezva kwenyama kupfuura izvo zvinonzwisiswa munziyo sehuzivi, kuongorora pamweya, kunyudzwa mukati mako? .. Zvinongoda kuziva kuti kufunga kwese uku kunouya mupfungwa Paperaapo Mogilevsky conchaet kutamba.

Zvakanyanya kumuomera nemakirasi. Mogilevsky, pavakangotaura naye pamusoro penyaya iyi kare, kazhinji vakapindura kuti Bach, Scarlatti, Hynd, Mozart vakanga vasiri "vake" vanyori. (Mumakore achangopfuura, zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja zvishoma - asi zvakanyanya pane izvozvo gare gare.) Izvi, zviri pachena, zvinowanzoitika zve "psychology" yemuimbi wepiyano: zviri nyore kwaari. vhura mumimhanzi yepashure-Beethoven. Nekudaro, chimwe chinhu chakakosha zvakare - iyo yega zvimiro zvemaitiro ake ekuita.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti muMogilevsky yaigara ichizviratidza kubva kune yakanyanya kunaka rutivi zvakanyatsonaka murudo repertoire. Pakushongedza kwemufananidzo, "ruvara" runotonga mariri pamusoro pekudhirowa, nzvimbo ine ruvara - pamusoro pemufananidzo wakanyatsojeka, mutinhimira wakakora - pamusoro pekuoma, kusingafambisi sitiroko. Iyo huru inotungamira pane diki, iyo detembo "general" - pamusoro peiyo, iyo tsanangudzo, iyo zvishongo-zvakagadzirwa zvakadzama.

Zvinoitika kuti mukuridza kwaMogilevsky munhu anogona kunzwa mamwe sketchiness, semuenzaniso, mukududzira kwake kwekutanga kweChopin, etudes, nezvimwewo. Manzwiro emupiyano anoita seasina kujeka dzimwe nguva (Ravel's "Night Gaspar", Scriabin's miniature, Debussy's "Images". ", "Mifananidzo paChiratidzo »Mussorgsky, nezvimwewo) - sezvazvinogona kuonekwa mumifananidzo ye impressionist artists. Pasina mubvunzo, mumimhanzi yerumwe rudzi - iyo, kutanga kune zvose, iyo yakaberekwa nemafungiro erudo anongoerekana aita - iyi nzira inofadza uye inoshanda nenzira yayo pachayo. Asi kwete mumakirasi, kwete muakajeka uye akajeka magadzirirwo ezvivakwa zvezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Mogilevsky haaregi kushanda nhasi pa "kupedzisa" unyanzvi hwake. Izvi zvinonzwikwawo ne kuti anotamba - ndeapi vanyori nemabasa aanoreva - uye nekudaro, as anotarisa zvino pachikuva chekonzati. Zviri mucherechedzo kuti akati wandei aHaydn's sonatas uye Mozart's piano concerto akadzidza zvakare akaonekwa muzvirongwa zvake zvepakati nekupera makumi masere; akapinda mapurogiramu aya uye akasimbisa zvakasimba mairi mitambo yakadai se "Elegy" uye "Tambourine" naRameau-Godowsky, "Giga" naLully-Godowsky. Uye mberi. Nziyo dzaBeethoven dzakatanga kurira zvakanyanya uye kazhinji manheru - piyano concerto (ese mashanu), 33 misiyano paWaltz naDiabelli, Makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, Makumi matatu nechipiri uye mamwe ma sonatas, Fantasia yepiyano, kwaya uye orchestra, nezvimwe. Ehe, zvinopa kuziva kukwezva kune zvekare zvinouya nemakore kune wese muimbi akakomba. Asi kwete chete. Evgeny Gedeonovich anogara achida kuvandudza, kuvandudza "tekinoroji" yemutambo wake zvakare ine chekuita. Uye iyo classics mune iyi kesi yakakosha ...

“Nhasi ndinotarisana nezvinetso zvandisina kungwarira zvakakwana muhuduku hwangu,” anodaro Mogilevsky. Kuziva mune zvakajairika iyo yekugadzira biography yepiyano, hazvina kuoma kufungidzira izvo zvakavanzika kuseri kwemazwi aya. Ichokwadi ndechokuti iye, munhu ane chipo chikuru, akaridza chiridzwa kubva paudiki pasina kushanda nesimba; yakanga ine ose ari maviri mativi ayo akanaka naakaipa. Negative - nekuti pane zvakabudirira muhunyanzvi zvinowana kukosha chete nekuda kwekusindimara kwemuimbi kukunda kwe "kupokana kwezvinhu." Tchaikovsky akati rombo rakanaka rinowanzofanirwa "kuitwa". Zvakafanana, hongu, mubasa remuimbi.

Mogilevsky anofanirwa kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwake hwekutamba, kuwana hunyengeri hukuru hwekushongedza kwekunze, kunatsiridza mukuvandudza kweruzivo, kwete chete kuti awane mukana kune mamwe madhizaini emhando yepamusoro - Scarlatti, Haydn kana Mozart. Izvi zvinodiwawo nemimhanzi yaanowanzoita. Kunyange kana akaita, zvinobvumwa, zvinobudirira zvikuru, semuenzaniso, Medtner's E minor sonata, kana Bartok's sonata (1926), Liszt's First Concerto kana Prokofiev's Second. Muridzi wepiyano anoziva—uye nhasi zviri nani kupfuura nakare kose—kuti ani naani anoda kukwira pamusoro pe“chakanaka” kana “chakanaka kwazvo” chekutamba chinodiwa mazuva ano kuti ave neunyanzvi hwekuita zvakanaka. Ndizvo chete zvinogona "kutambudzwa kunze".

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Muna 1987, chiitiko chinonakidza chakaitika muupenyu hweMogilevsky. Akakokwa senhengo yedare redzimhosva paQueen Elizabeth Competition muBrussels - imwe cheteyo yaakamboita, makore makumi maviri nemanomwe apfuura, akahwina menduru yegoridhe. Akarangarira zvakawanda, akafunga zvakawanda paakanga ari patafura yenhengo yedare revatongi - uye nezvenzira yaakanga afamba kubva muna 27, pamusoro pezvakanga zvaitwa, zvakaitwa panguva iyi, uye pamusoro pezvanga zvisati zvaitwa, yakanga isati yaitwa kusvika pamwero waunoda. Mifungo yakadaro, iyo dzimwe nguva yakaoma kuumba uye kuenzanisa zvakakwana, nguva dzose inokosha kune vanhu vebasa rekugadzira: kuunza kusagadzikana uye kuzvidya mwoyo mumweya, ivo vakafanana nezvisungo zvinokurudzira kuti vafambire mberi.

MuBrussels, Mogilevsky akanzwa vechidiki vakawanda vanoridza piyano kubva kumativi ose enyika. Saka akagashira, sezvaanotaura, pfungwa yemamwe maitiro emaitiro emazuva ano kuita piyano. Kunyanya, zvakaratidzika kwaari kuti mutsara unopesana nerudo ikozvino unotonga zvakanyanya uye zvakajeka.

Pakupera kwemaXNUMXs, pakanga paine zvimwe zvinonakidza zviitiko zvehunyanzvi uye misangano yeMogilev; pakanga paine zvakawanda zvinopenya zvemimhanzi zvinoonekwa zvakamukurudzira, zvakamufadza, zvakasiya mucherechedzo mundangariro dzake. Somuenzaniso, haana kuneta nokugoverana pfungwa nechido akafuridzirwa Evgeny Kissin konzati. Uye inogona kunzwisiswa: mune unyanzvi, dzimwe nguva munhu mukuru anogona kukwevera, kudzidza kubva kumwana asiri pasi pemwana kubva kumunhu mukuru. Kissin kazhinji anofadza Mogilevsky. Zvichida anonzwa maari chimwe chinhu chakafanana naye - chero zvakadaro, kana tikachengeta mupfungwa nguva apo iye pachake akatanga basa rake rematambo. Yevgeny Gedeonovich anofarira kutamba kwemupiyano wechidiki zvakare nekuti inopesana ne "anti-romantic maitiro" yaakaona muBrussels.

…Mogilevsky mutambi wekonzati anoshanda. Agara achidiwa neruzhinji, kubva pamatanho ake ekutanga pachikuva. Tinomuda nokuda kwetarenda rake, iro, pasinei nekuchinja kwose kwemaitiro, maitiro, zvinonaka uye mafashoni, zvave zviri uye zvicharamba zviri "nhamba yekutanga" kukosha mune unyanzvi. Zvose zvinogona kuwanikwa, kuwanikwa, "kupambwa" kunze kwekodzero yekunzi Talent. ("Unogona kudzidzisa nzira yekuwedzera mamita, asi haugone kudzidza kuwedzera madimikira," Aristotle akambotaura.) Mogilevsky, zvisinei, haapokani neiyi kodzero.

G. Tsypin