Ivan Semyonovich Kozlovsky |

Ivan Kozlovsky

Muridzi wembira ane mukurumbira Vera Dulova anonyora kuti:

""Kune mazita muunyanzvi akapiwa rimwe rudzi rwesimba remashiripiti. Kungotaurwa nezvavo kunounza kumweya kunakidza kwenhetembo. Aya mazwi emunyori weRussia Serov anogona kuverengerwa zvizere kuna Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky - kudada kwetsika yedu yenyika.

Zvakaitika kuti ndakateerera kurekodhwa kwemuimbi nguva pfupi yapfuura. Ndakangoshamiswa ndashamiswazve, nokuti chinhu chiri chose ibasa guru rinoitwa. Pano, semuenzaniso, basa rine zita rine mwero uye rakajeka rakadaro - "Green Grove" - ​​nderepeni yemukuru wedu wemazuva ano Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev. Yakanyorwa nemazwi echivanhu, inonzwika senge rwiyo rwechokwadi rweRussia. Uye zvinyoro sei, kuti Kozlovsky anozviita zvakadii.

Anogara akarinda. Izvi zvinoshanda kwete chete kumhando itsva dzekuita, izvo zvinogara zvichimubata, asiwo kune repertoire. Avo vanopinda makonzati ake vanoziva kuti muimbi achagara achiita chimwe chinhu chitsva, chisingazivikanwi kuvateereri vake kusvikira zvino. Ndingati zvimwe: imwe neimwe yezvirongwa zvake yakazara nechimwe chinhu chinoshamisa. Zvakafanana nokumirira chakavanzika, chishamiso. Kazhinji, zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti hunyanzvi hunofanira kugara husinganzwisisike ... "

Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky akaberekwa March 24, 1900 mumusha Maryanovka, Kyiv mudunhu. Maonero ekutanga emimhanzi muhupenyu hwaVanya akabatana nababa vake, avo vakaimba zvakanaka uye vakaridza Viennese harmonica. Mukomana uyu aive nerudo rwekutanga rwemumhanzi nekuimba, aive nenzeve yakasarudzika uye nezwi rakanaka.

Hazvishamisi kuti achiri muduku zvikuru, Vanya akatanga kuimba mukwaya yeTrinity People's House muKyiv. Nenguva isipi Kozlovsky akanga atova soloist weBolshoi Academic Choir. Kwaya yakatungamirirwa nemuimbi weUkraine anozivikanwa uye muimbi wekwaya A. Koshyts, uyo akazova murairidzi wekutanga wenyanzvi wemuimbi ane tarenda. Yakanga iri pakurudziro yaKoshyts kuti muna 1917 Kozlovsky akapinda muKyiv Music uye Drama Institute padhipatimendi rezwi, mukirasi yePurofesa EA Muravieva.

Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza kubva kuInstitute muna 1920, Ivan akazvipira kuRed Army. Akatumirwa ku22 Infantry Brigade yeEngineer Troops uye akatumirwa kuPoltava. Agamuchira mvumo yekubatanidza sevhisi nebasa rekonzati, Kozlovsky anotora chikamu mune zvigadzirwa zvePoltava Music uye Drama Theatre. Pano Kozlovsky, chaizvoizvo, akaumbwa semuimbi weOpera. Repertoire yake inosanganisira arias mu "Natalka-Poltavka" uye "May Night" naLysenko, "Eugene Onegin", "Dhimoni", "Dubrovsky", "Pebble" naMoniuszko, zvikamu zvakadai uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa seFaust, Alfred ("La Traviata "), Duke ("Rigoletto").

Muna 1924, muimbi akapinda muboka re "Kharkov Opera House", kwaakakokwa nemutungamiri wayo AM Pazovsky. A brilliant debut muFaust uye maitiro anotevera akabvumira muimbi wechidiki kutora chinzvimbo chekutungamira muboka. Kwapera gore, aramba kuyedza uye kukudzwa kukuru kubva kune yakakurumbira Mariinsky Theatre, muimbi anosvika kuSverdlovsk Opera House. Muna 1926, zita raKozlovsky rinotanga kuoneka pamifananidzo yeMoscow. Padanho guru, muimbi akaita dhizaini yake pachikuva chebazi reBolshoi Theatre muchikamu chaAlfred muLa Traviata. MM Ippolitov-Ivanov akati mushure memutambo uyu: "Muimbi uyu chinhu chinovimbisa muunyanzvi ..."

Kozlovsky akauya kuBolshoi Theatre haasisiri semutambi, asi satenzi akagadzwa.

Mumwaka wekutanga webasa remuimbi wechidiki paBolshoi Theatre VI Nemirovich-Danchenko akamuudza pakupera kwemutambo "Romeo naJuliet": "Iwe uri munhu akashinga zvisingaite. Iwe unopesana nezviri kuitika uye usatsvage vanonzwira tsitsi, uchizvikanda mudutu rekupokana kuri kuitika kune theatre parizvino. Ndinonzwisisa kuti zvakakuomera uye zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokuvhundutsa, asi sezvo kufunga kwako kwakashinga kwekugadzira kunokukurudzira - uye izvi zvinonzwika mune zvese - uye maitiro ako ekugadzira anoonekwa kwese kwese, kushambira pasina kumira, usatsvedze makona uye usaite. tarisirai tsitsi dzevaya vamunoona semusinganzwisisike.

Asi maonero aNatalia Shpiller: "Pakati pemakore makumi maviri, paBolshoi Theatre pakaonekwa zita idzva - Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky. Inzwi rezwi, nzira yekuimba, data rekuita - zvese zvaive mumuimbi wechidiki panguva iyoyo zvakaratidza hunhu hwakadaidzwa, husingawanzo. Izwi raKozlovsky harina kumbove rakanyanyisa simba. Asi kusununguka kwekusununguka kwezwi, kukwanisa kuisa pfungwa pairi kwakabvumira muimbi "kucheka" nzvimbo huru. Kozlovsky anogona kuimba nechero orchestra uye nechero ensemble. Inzwi rake nguva dzose rinonzwika zvakajeka, guru, pasina mumvuri wekushushikana. Elasticity yekufema, kuchinjika uye kutsetsenura, kusununguka kusingaenzaniswi murejista yepamusoro, diction yakakwana - muimbi anonyatso zivikanwa, uyo nekufamba kwemakore akaunza izwi rake padanho repamusoro rekunaka ... "

Muna 1927, Kozlovsky akaimba Holy Fool, iro rakazova basa repamusoro mumuimbi wekugadzira biography uye nyanzvi yechokwadi munyika yemitambo yemitambo. Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, chifananidzo ichi chave chisinga patsanurwe kubva kuzita remusiki wawo.

Hezvino izvo P. Pichugin anonyora: “… Lensky weTchaikovsky uye Benzi reMussorgsky. Zvakaoma kuwana mune ese eRussia opera classics zvakanyanya kusafanana, zvakanyanya kusiyanisa, kunyangwe kune imwe nhanho mutorwa mune yavo yemimhanzi aesthetics, mifananidzo, uye panguva iyo Lensky neMutsvene Benzi zvinenge zvakaenzana zvakaenzana kubudirira kweKozlovsky. Zvakawanda zvakanyorwa uye zvakataurwa pamusoro pezvikamu izvi zvemuiti, uye zvakadaro hazvibviri kutaura zvakare pamusoro peYurodivy, mufananidzo wakagadzirwa naKozlovsky ane simba risingaenzaniswi, iro mukuita kwake mumutauro wePushkin rakava kutaura kukuru kwe "fate". yavanhu”, inzwi ravanhu, kuchema kwokutambura kwake, dare hana yake. Zvose zviri muchiitiko ichi, zvakaitwa naKozlovsky neunyanzvi husingaenzaniswi, kubva kune yekutanga kusvika kune yekupedzisira izwi raanotaura, kubva parwiyo rusina musoro rweMutsvene Benzi "Mwedzi unouya, kitten iri kuchema" kune mutsara unozivikanwa "Iwe haugoni kunamata. kuna Tsar Herodhi” izere nekudzika kwakadzika kwakadaro, zvinoreva uye zvinoreva, chokwadi chehupenyu chakadaro (uye chokwadi chehunyanzvi), izvo zvinosimudza iyi episodic chikamu kusvika kumucheto kwedambudziko repamusoro ... Kune mabasa munyika yemitambo (ikoko vashoma vavo!), Izvo zvagara zvakabatanidzwa mukufungidzira kwedu nemumwe kana mumwe mutambi akatanhamara. Rakadaro benzi dzvene. Iye acharamba nokusingaperi mundangariro dzedu sezvo Yurodivy - Kozlovsky.

Kubva ipapo, muimbi akaimba uye akatamba zvikamu makumi mashanu zvakasiyana panhandare yeopera. O. Dashevskaya anonyora kuti: “Pachikuva cheimba iyi yemitambo yakakurumbira, akaimba zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana - zvenziyo nezvinoshamisira, zvinoshamisa, uye dzimwe nguva zvinosuruvarisa. Vakanyanya kunaka vavo ndiAstrologer ("The Golden Cockerel" by NA Rimsky-Korsakov) naJose ("Carmen" naG. Bizet), Lohengrin ("Lohengrin" naR. Wagner) uye Muchinda ("Rudo rweMarange matatu ” naSS Prokofiev), Lensky naBerendey, Almaviva naFaust, Verdi's Alfred naDuke - zvakaoma kunyora mabasa ese. Kubatanidza huzivi huzhinji nekururama kwehunhu hwemagariro uye hunhu, Kozlovsky akagadzira mufananidzo wakasiyana mukuvimbika, kugona uye kurongeka kwepfungwa. "Vatambi vake vaida, vaitambura, manzwiro avo aigara ari nyore, echisikigo, akadzama uye anobva pamwoyo," anoyeuka kudaro muimbi EV Shumskaya.

Muna 1938, padanho raVI Nemirovich-Danchenko uye pasi pekutungamirwa kwehunyanzvi hweKozlovsky, iyo State Opera Ensemble yeUSSR yakasikwa. Vaimbi vakakurumbira vakadai seMP Maksakova, IS Patorzhinsky, MI Litvinenko-Wolgemuth, II Petrov, sevanopa mazano - AV Nezhdanov uye NS Golovanov. Mumakore matatu ekuvapo kwemubatanidzwa, Ivan Sergeevich akaita mitambo yakawanda inonakidza yemaopera mumutambo wemakonti: "Werther" naJ Massenet, "Pagliacci" naR. Leoncavallo, "Orpheus" naK Gluck. , "Mozart naSalieri" naNA Rimsky-Korsakov, "Katerina" NN Arcas, "Gianni Schicchi" naG. Puccini.

Hezvino izvo muimbi KA Korchmarev nezve yekutanga kuita kwemubatanidzwa, iyo opera Werther: "Yekutanga brown skrini akaiswa mukati mehupamhi hwese nhanho yeGreat Hall yeConservatory. Musoro wavo unopenya: conductor inoonekwa kuburikidza nematehwe, uta, magora uye mabhosvo anopenya nguva nenguva. Pamberi pezvidzitiro pane zvishandiso zviri nyore, matafura, zvigaro. Mune iyi fomu, IS Kozlovsky akaita yake yekutanga kutungamira chiitiko…

Mumwe anowana fungidziro izere yemutambo, asi imwe iyo mimhanzi inoita basa guru. Panyaya iyi, Kozlovsky anogona kuzviona semukundi. Okhestra, iri papuratifomu imwe chete nevaimbi, inonzwika zvakanaka nguva dzese, asi haidzingi vaimbi. Uye panguva imwecheteyo, mifananidzo yedariro iri mipenyu. Ivo vanokwanisa kufadza, uye kubva kudivi rino, chigadzirwa ichi chinofananidzwa nyore nechero kuita kuri kuitika pachikuva. Chiitiko chaKozlovsky, sezvakaruramiswa zvakakwana, chinofanirwa kutariswa kukuru.

Munguva yehondo, Kozlovsky, sechikamu chemauto emakonsati, akaitwa pamberi pevarwi, akapa makonti mumaguta akasunungurwa.

Munguva yepashure pehondo, kunze kwekuita seanoimba ari ega, Ivan Semenovich akaenderera mberi achitungamira basa - achigadzira akawanda operas.

Kubva pakutanga kwebasa rake, Kozlovsky anogara achibatanidza nhandare yeopera nedanho rekonzati. Repertoire yake yekonzati inosanganisira mazana emabasa. Heano ma cantatas aBach, kutenderera kwaBeethoven "Kune Mudiwa Ari Kure", Schumann's kutenderera "Rudo rwaNyanduri", nziyo dzechiUkraine neRussia. Nzvimbo yakakosha inotorwa nerudo, pakati pevanyori - Glinka, Taneyev, Rachmaninov, Dargomyzhsky, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Medtner, Grechaninov, Varlamov, Bulakhov naGurilev.

P. Pichugin anoti:

"Nzvimbo yakakosha mune repertoire yekamuri yeKozlovsky inogarwa nerudo rwechiRussia rwekare. Kozlovsky haana "kungowana" vazhinji vavo kune vateereri, semuenzaniso, "Winter Evening" yaM. Yakovlev kana "I Met You", iyo inozivikanwa pasi rose nhasi. Akasika chimiro chakanyanya kukosha chekuita kwavo, pasina chero mhando yekutapira kwesalon kana manyepo emanyepo, padyo nepaanogona napo nemhepo yezvakasikwa, "kumba" kugadzira mimhanzi, mumamiriro ezvinhu aya madiki maparera echiRussian vocal. mazwi akagadzirwa uye akaridzwa panguva imwe chete.

Muhupenyu hwake hwose hweunyanzvi, Kozlovsky anochengetedza rudo rusingachinji rwenziyo dzevanhu. Hapana chikonzero chekutaura nekutendeseka nekudziya izvo Ivan Semyonovich Kozlovsky anoimba nziyo dzeUkraine dzinodiwa nemoyo wake. Rangarira zvisingaenzaniswi mukuita kwake "Zuva radzikira", "Ah, usaite ruzha, gomba", "Dira Cossack", "Ndinoshamiswa nedenga", "Ah, kune mhere mumunda" , "Kana ndatora bandura". Asi Kozlovsky mududziri anoshamisa wenziyo dzechiRussia zvakare. Zvakakwana kutumidza vanhu vakadai se "Linden mazana emakore", "Ehe hongu, iwe, Kalinushka", "Makunguo, ane ushingi", "Hapana imwe nzira yakamhanya mumunda." Iyi yekupedzisira naKozlovsky inhetembo chaiyo, nhau yehupenyu hwose inotaurwa murwiyo. Maonero ake haakanganwike.”

Uye mukukwegura, muimbi haaderedzi basa rekugadzira. Hapana chiitiko chimwe chakakosha muhupenyu hwenyika chinopera pasina kutora chikamu kwaKozlovsky. Pakutanga kwemuimbi, chikoro chemimhanzi chakavhurwa munyika yake muMaryanovka. Pano, Ivan Semenovich akashanda nesimba nevaimbi madiki, akaitwa nekwaya yevadzidzi.

Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky akafa musi waDecember 24, 1993.

Boris Pokrovsky anonyora kuti: "IS Kozlovsky peji inopenya munhoroondo yeRussia opera art. Lyrics of the enthusiastic opera mudetembi Tchaikovsky; iyo inotyisa yemuchinda weProkofiev murudo nemaorenji matatu; mudiki asingagumi anofungisisa runako Berendey uye muimbi weRimsky-Korsakov "kure India yezvishamiso", mutumwa anopenya weGrail yaRichard Wagner; Mutongi anokwezva weMantua G. Verdi, Alfred wake asingazorori; mutsivi anokudzwa Dubrovsky ... Pakati pemazita makuru emabasa akaitwa zvakanyanyisa ari muzvinyorwa zvekugadzira zveIS Kozlovsky uye nyanzvi yechokwadi - mufananidzo weBenzi mu opera yaM. Mussorgsky "Boris Godunov". Kusikwa kwechifananidzo chekare muimba yeopera chinhu chisingawanzoitiki ... Hupenyu uye kugadzira chiitiko cheIS Kozlovsky muenzaniso kune wese akatora basa rekuve muimbi uye kushandira vanhu nehunyanzvi hwake.