Banjo - chiridzwa chine tambo

Banjo - chiridzwa chemumhanzi chave fashoni uye chiri kudiwa, chaimbonetsa kutenga kunze kweUS, asi iko zvino chave muchitoro chemimhanzi. Zvichida, pfungwa yacho iri muchimiro chinofadza, kusununguka kwekutamba uye inzwi rinonakidza rakanyarara. Vadi vemimhanzi vakawanda vanoona zvidhori zvavo mumabhaisikopo achiridza banjo uye vanodawo kubata ichi chinhu chinoshamisa.

Muchokwadi, banjo imhando ye gitare iyo ine kabhodhi kasina kujairika - iri resonator yakatambanudzwa pamusoro pemuviri, semusoro wengoma. Kazhinji kacho chiridzwa chinosanganiswa nemimhanzi yeIrish, ine blues, ine zvinyorwa zvevanhu, nezvimwewo - chiyero chinoramba chichiwedzera, nekuda kwekukura mukupararira kwebhanjo.

Traditional american chiridzwa

Zvinotendwa kuti pakanga pasisina chiridzwa chakakosha chemimhanzi yechinyakare yeAfrica muzana ramakore rechi19; nekuda kwekureruka kwayo, yakaonekwa kunyangwe mumhuri dzevarombo uye vazhinji vatema vekuAmerica vakaedza kuibata.

Tandem yakadaro inonakidza:

violin pamwe nebanjo, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti musanganiswa uyu ndewe "pakutanga" mimhanzi yeAmerica. Pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvingasarudzwa, asi kazhinji unogona kuwana 6-tambo banjo, nokuti iri nyore kutamba mushure megitare, asi kune marudzi ane tambo dzakaderedzwa kana zvakasiyana.

Banjo nhoroondo

Bhanjo yakaunzwa kuAmerica nevafambisi vezvikepe kubva kuWest Africa munenge muna 1600. Iyo mandolin inogona kunzi ihama yebhanjo, kunyange zvazvo vatsvakurudzi vachakupa zvinenge 60 zviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakafanana nebhanjo uye zvingave zvakatangira.

Kutanga kutaurwa kwebhanjo kunowanikwa nachiremba weChirungu Hans Sloan muna 1687. Akaona chiridzwa muJamaica kubva kuvaranda veAfrica. Midziyo yavo yaigadzirwa nematehwe akaomeswa.

Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 19 muUnited States, banjo yakakwikwidza zvakanyanya mukukurumbira neviolin mumhanzi weAfrican American, yakazokwezva kutarisisa kwevaimbi vevachena, kusanganisira Joel Walker Sweeney, uyo akasimudzira banjo ndokuiunza danho muma1830s. Banjo inokweretawo kushandurwa kwayo kwekunze kuna D. Sweeney: akatsiva muviri wenhanga nemuviri wengoma, akaganhura mutsipa wemutsipa nemafrets uye akasiya tambo shanu: ina refu uye imwe ipfupi.

Nhamba yepamusoro yekuzivikanwa kwebhanjo inowira pahafu yechipiri kusvika pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19, apo banjo inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzemakonti uye pakati pevanoda mimhanzi. Panguva imwecheteyo, bhuku rekutanga rekuzvidzidzisa rekuridza banjo rakabudiswa, makwikwi ekuita akaitwa, masangano ekutanga ekugadzira zviridzwa akavhurwa, tambo dzematumbo dzakatsiviwa nesimbi, vagadziri vakaedza maumbirwo uye hukuru.

Vaimbi vehunyanzvi vakatanga kuita pachikuva mabasa emhando yepamusoro akadai saBeethoven naRossini, akarongwa pabanjo. Zvakare, iyo banjo yakazviratidza mumhando dzemimhanzi senge ragtime, jazz uye blues. Uye kunyange muma1930 banjo yakatsiviwa nemagitare emagetsi ane ruzha rwakajeka, mu40s banjo yakatsiva zvakare uye yakadzokera kunzvimbo.

Parizvino, banjo inofarirwa nevaimbi pasi rose, inorira mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemimhanzi. Inzwi rinofara uye rinonzwika rechiridzwa chinorira kune zvinovaka uye zvinosimudzira.

Dhizaini maficha

Dhizaini yebhanjo inotenderera acoustic muviri uye rudzi rwefretboard. Muviri unofanana nedhiramu, iyo membrane yakatambanudzwa nemhete yesimbi uye screws. Iyo membrane inogona kugadzirwa nepurasitiki kana dehwe. Plastiki inowanzoshandiswa pasina sputtering kana kujeka (iyo yakaonda uye inopenya zvakanyanya). Musoro wedhayamita yebhanjo yemazuva ano ndeye 11 inches.

Iyo inobvisika resonator semi-muviri ine dhayamita yakati kurei kupfuura membrane. Iyo goko remuviri rinowanzo gadzirwa nematanda kana simbi, uye tailpiece inonamirwa pairi.

A hyphae inosungirirwa kumuviri nerubatsiro rwetambo yeanchor, iyo iyo tambo dzinodhonzwa nerubatsiro rwepegi. Chigadziko chemapuranga chinowanikwa zvakasununguka pane membrane, iyo inomanikidzwa netambo dzakatambanudzwa. 

Kungofanana negitare, mutsipa webhanjo wakakamurwa nemafrets kuita mafrets akarongwa mune chromatic sequence. Banjo inonyanya kufarirwa ine tambo shanu, uye tambo yechishanu yakapfupikiswa uye ine mbambo yakakosha inowanikwa zvakananga pafretboard, panguva yayo yechishanu. Tambo iyi inoridzwa nechigunwe uye inowanzo shandiswa setambo yebhesi, ichiramba ichirira pamwe chete nemutinhimira.

Mitumbi yeBanjo inogadzirwa kubva kumahogany kana maple. Mahogany inopa ruzha rwakapfava ine predominance ye midrange frequencies, nepo maple ichipa ruzha rwakajeka.

Kurira kwebhanjo kunokanganiswa zvakanyanya nemhete inobata membrane. Kune maviri mapips makuru emhete: flattop, kana musoro wakatambanudzwa uchiyerera nerimu, uye archtop, kana musoro uchisimudzwa pamusoro pechikamu cherimu. Rudzi rwechipiri runonzwika zvakanyanya kupenya, izvo zvinonyanya kuoneka mukuita kwemimhanzi yeIrish.

Blues uye nyika banjo

Hapana chikonzero chekunyora imwe mhando yeAmerican classic - nyika - idzi nziyo dzinopisa dzine ruzha rwehunhu. Imwe gitare inojoinha duet uye inobuda yakazara-yakazara vatatu. Zvakakosha kuti vaimbi vagone kuchinjana zviridzwa, nokuti nzira dzokuridza dzakanyanya kufanana, chete inzwi, iro rine mavara akasiyana-siyana uye timbre, rinosiyana zvakanyanya. Zvinonakidza kuti vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti banjo inonzwika ichifara uye ichi ndicho mutsauko wayo mukuru, vamwe, pane kudaro, iyo inoratidzirwa nekusuruvara kwe "blues" inzwi, zvakaoma kupokana neizvi, sezvo maonero akaparadzaniswa uye kubvumirana hakuwanzo kuwanikwa.

Banjo tambo

Tambo dzakagadzirwa nesimbi uye zvishoma kazhinji epurasitiki (PVC, nylon), mhepo yakakosha inoshandiswa (simbi uye isina-ferrous metal alloys: mhangura, ndarira, nezvimwewo), izvo zvinopa inzwi rinowedzera sonorous uye rinopinza toni. Inzwi remhando yebhanjo rinoonekwa sezwi re "tin can", sezvo manzwiro ekutanga akaita zvokuti tambo dzinonamatira kune chimwe chinhu uye kurira. Zvinoitika kuti ichi chinhu chakanaka, uye vaimbi vazhinji vanoedza kudzoreredza iyi yepakutanga "drum gitare" mukurira kwavo. Muindasitiri yemotokari, kune banjo bhaudhi, iyo, maererano nemimwe mishumo, ine hukama nemimhanzi, asi kutaura zvazviri, inofanana neheti yayo (yakabatana "yakasimba" kune washer uye ine gomba rekugadzirisa pane. chikamu chemahara kubva pashinda) dhizaini yedhiramu-deki yechiridzwa, pamwe ndosaka yakawana zita rayo.

Tool design

Sezvatotaurwa, muviri hausi wekare gitare dhizaini, asi imhando yedhiramu, membrane inogadziriswa kudivi remberi (inotsiva gomba resonator), yakatambanudzwa nemhete yesimbi. Izvi zvakada kufanana netambo dzengoma yemusungo. Uye kutaura zvazviri, izvi zvakadaro: mushure mezvose, ruzha harusi rwekunze, senge gitare kana balalaika, domra, asi mukati, kurira, membrane rattles - ndosaka tichiwana ruzha rwakasiyana. Mhete inosungirirwa nezvisungo - aya mascrews akasarudzika. Kashoma ikozvino kuti bhanjo yakagadzirwa nematehwe, kunyange zvazvo chinhu ichi chakashandiswa mukutanga, ikozvino vanoshandisa plastiki, iyo inoshanda uye nyore nyore kutsiviwa kana zvichidiwa, yakachipa.

Iyo tambo inomira inoiswa zvakananga pa membrane, inosarudza kureba uko tambo dzichava. Kudzika kwavanenge vari, zvinoita kuti muiti atambe zviri nyore. Mutsipa wemapuranga, wakasimba kana muzvikamu, zvakabatanidzwa, segitare mutsipa, netsvimbo yetruss, iyo iwe unogona kugadzirisa iyo concavity. Tambo dzacho dzakasungwa nembambo uchishandisa giya rehonye.

Mhando dzebhanjo

Banjo yeAmerica yepakutanga haina 6, asi tambo 5 (inonzi blue grass, yakashandurwa seuswa hwebhuruu), uye tambo yebhesi inoiswa kuG uye inogara yakashama (inopfupiswa uye haisungiridzi), unofanira kuwana. inoshandiswa kune ino sisitimu, kunyangwe ichangopera gitare, sezvo maitiro ekurovera chords akafanana. Kune mamodheru asina kupfupikiswa tambo yechishanu, aya emhando yechina-tambo mabhanjo: ita, sol, re, la, asi maIrish anoshandisa yavo yakakosha sisitimu, uko munyu unokwira kumusoro, saka zvakaoma kwazvo kunzwisisa kuti vari kutamba. , sezvo chords yakasungirirwa zvine mutsindo uye kwete zvachose sezvakajaira maAmerican. Banjo ine tambo nhanhatu ndiyo yakareruka, inonzi gitare rebanjo, ine tuning yakafanana, ndosaka ichinyanya kudiwa nevanoita magitare. Chiridzwa chinonakidza chebanjolele chinosanganisa ukulele uye banjo.

Uye kana paine tambo 8, uye 4 dzakapetwa, saka iyi i banjo-mandolin.

Kune zvakare inokwezva yakakurumbira, iyo banjo trampoline, iyo ine zvishoma zvekuita nemimhanzi, asi inofarirwa zvakanyanya, isingakurudzirwe kuvana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemaviri nekuti ine mwero wengozi. Mune dzimwe nyika, inorambidzwa nekuda kwetsaona, asi izvi zvinongori zvinyorwa. Chinhu chikuru inshuwarisi yakanaka uye kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemidziyo yekudzivirira.

Kuedza kwevagadziri nechimiro uye ukuru hwebhanjo zvakakonzera kuti nhasi kune marudzi akawanda ebhanjo, ayo akasiyana, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, muhuwandu hwetambo. Asi inonyanya kufarirwa ndeye mana-, mashanu- uye matanhatu-tambo mabanjo.

• Iyo ine tambo ina tenor banjo ndeye classic. Inogona kunzwika mu orchestras, solo kuita kana kuperekedza. Mutsipa webhanjo wakadaro mupfupi pane wetambo shanu bhanjo uye inowanzoshandiswa kune dixlend. Kugadzira zviridzwa - ita, munyu, re, la. VaIrish, kusiyana neveAmerica, vanoshandisa yavo chaiyo tuning, iyo inoratidzirwa nekufambisa G kumusoro, izvo zvinopa kuwedzera kuomarara kune akadzvanywa chords. Nekuita kwemimhanzi yeIrish, iyo banjo system inoshanduka kuita G, D, A, E.

• Mabhanjo ane tambo shanu anonyanya kunzwika mumhanzi yenyika kana yebluegrass. Rudzi urwu rwebhanjo rune mutsipa wakareba uye tambo dzakapfava dzakapfupika pane tambo dzine kiyi yetuning. Tambo yechishanu yakapfupikiswa haina kusungirirwa, inoramba yakavhurika. Hurongwa hweiyi banjo: (sol) re, munyu, si, re.

• Banjo ine tambo nhanhatu inonziwo banjo - gitare, uye zvakare inogadziriswa: mi, la, re, munyu, si, mi.

• A banjolele ibhenji rinobatanidza ukulele nebanjo, rine tambo ina dzimwechete uye rakarongwa seizvi: C, G, D, G.

• The banjo mandolin ine tambo ina mbiri dzakarongwa seprima mandolin: G, D, A, E.

Kutamba Banjo nzira

Iko hakuna nzira yakakosha yekuridza banjo, yakafanana negitare. Kudzura uye kurohwa kwetambo kunoitwa nekubatsirwa kweplectrums yakapfekedzwa paminwe uye yakafanana nembambo. Muimbi anoshandisawo murevereri kana zvigunwe. Anenge marudzi ese emabhanjo anoridzwa ane hunhu hwemutinhimira kana kuti arpeggiated neruoko rwerudyi.

Banjo nhasi

Iyo banjo inomira kunze kune yakanyanya sonorous uye inopenya ruzha, iyo inobvumidza iwe kumira kunze kubva kune zvimwe zviridzwa. Vanhu vazhinji vanosanganisa banjo nemimhanzi yenyika uye bluegrass. Asi iyi ndiyo pfungwa yakamanikana yechiridzwa ichi, nekuti inogona kuwanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemimhanzi: pop music, Celtic punk, jazz, blues, ragtime, hardcore.

Asi banjo inogonawo kunzwika sechiridzwa chekonzati chiri wega. Kunyanya yebhanjo, vanyori-vaimbi vakadai saBuck Trent, Ralph Stanley, Steve Martin, Hank Williams, Todd Taylor, Putnam Smith nevamwe vakanyora mabasa. Mabasa makuru ezvinyorwa zvekare: Bach, Tchaikovsky, Beethoven, Mozart, Grieg nevamwe vakanyorerwawo kune banjo.

Nhasi uno mukurumbira banja jazzmen ndiK. Urban, R. Stewart naD. Satriani.

Banjo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumitambo yeterevhizheni (Sesame Street) uye mitambo yemimhanzi (Cabaret, Chicago).

Mabhanjo anogadzirwa nevagadziri vegitare, semuenzaniso. FENDER, CORT, WASHBURN, GIBSON, ARIA, STAGG.  

Paunenge uchitenga nekusarudza banjo, unofanirwa kuenderera kubva pane zvaunoita mumhanzi uye nemari. Vanotanga vanogona kutenga tambo ina kana yakakurumbira shanu-tambo banjo. Nyanzvi ingakurudzira banjo ine tambo nhanhatu. Zvakare, tanga kubva pamaitiro ekuimba auri kuronga kuita.

Banjo chiratidzo chemimhanzi chetsika dzeAmerica, kufanana nebalalaika yedu, iyo, nenzira, inonzi "Russian banjo".

Banjo FAQ

Shoko rokuti Banjo rinorevei?

Banjo (Eng. Banjo) – tambo pinch chiridzwa chemumhanzi chakadai selute kana gitare.

Mangani frets pabandjo?

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Bangjo inorongwa sei?

Dhizaini yeBango ndeye round acoustic kesi uye rudzi rwegora. Mhosva yacho yakafanana nedhiramu iyo yakatambanudzwa nemhete yesimbi uye membrane.