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Eugene List

Chiitiko chakaita kuti zita reEugene List rizivikanwe pasi rose rine chekuita nemimhanzi chete zvisina kunanga: iyi ndiyo nhoroondo yePotsdam Conference, yakaitika pakarepo mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, muzhizha ra1945. Mutungamiri weAmerica G. Truman akakumbira kuti murairo usarudze maartist akati wandei kubva kumauto ovatumira pazvaanogona kuti vatore chikamu mukonzati yegala. Pakati pavo paiva nemusoja Eugene List. Akabva aita tumadrama twakati wandei, kusanganisira nekukumbira kwaPresident. Waltz (Op. 42) naChopin; sezvo muimbi wechidiki akange asina nguva yekuidzidza nemusoro, akaridza maererano nezvinyorwa izvo mutungamiri wenyika pachake akashandura. Zuva rakatevera, zita remurwi wepiyano rakabuda mumapepanhau enyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira kunyika yake. Zvisinei, pano zita iri raizivikanwa nevakawanda vanoda mimhanzi kare.

Mumwe chizvarwa chePhiladelphia, Eugene Liszt akagamuchira zvidzidzo zvake zvekutanga, sezvinowanzoitika, kubva kuna amai vake, mutambi wepiyano wemamateur, uye kubva pazera remakore mashanu, atamira kuCalifornia, akatanga kunyatsodzidza mimhanzi mu studio yeY. Satro- Sailer. Pakazosvika makore gumi nemaviri, kutamba kwekutanga kwemukomana aine orchestra yakatanga - akaridza Beethoven's Third Concerto pasi pebaton yaArthur Rodzinsky. Pazano rekupedzisira, vabereki vaEugene vakaenda naye kuNew York muna 12 kuti vaedze kumunyoresa muChikoro cheJuilliard. Tiri munzira, takamira kwenguva pfupi muFiladelphia uye takaona kuti makwikwi evapiyano vechidiki akanga ava kuda kutanga ipapo, uyo anokunda aizowana kodzero yekudzidza nemudzidzisi anozivikanwa O. Samarova. Yuzhin akaridza, pashure akapfuurira rwendo rwake kuenda New York. Uye ndopaakazowana chiziviso chekuti aive ave mukundi. Kwemakore anoverengeka akadzidza naSamarova, kutanga muPhiladelphia uye ipapo kuNew York, kwaakatamira nomudzidzisi wake. Makore aya akapa mukomana zvakawanda, akaita fambiro mberi inooneka, uye muna 1931 imwe tsaona inofadza yakanga yakamumirira. Sezvo ari mudzidzi akanakisisa, akagamuchira kodzero yekuita nePhiladelphia Orchestra, iyo yakazotungamirirwa naL. Stokowski. Pakutanga, purogiramu yaisanganisira konsati yaSchumann, asi nguva pfupi zuva iroro risati rasvika, Stokowski akagamuchira kubva kuU.SR pepa remimhanzi yeYoung Shostakovich's First Piano Concerto uye aida kuzivisa vateereri kwairi. Akakumbira Liszt kuti adzidze basa iri, uye akanga ari pamusoro: kutanga kwaiva kubudirira kwekukunda. Zviitwa mumamwe maguta enyika zvakatevera, muna December wa1934 mumwe cheteyo, Eugene List akaita dambarefu rake nekonzati yeShostakovich muNew York; panguva ino yakaitwa naOtto Klemperer. Pashure paizvozvo, the impresario Arthur Jowson akatarisira mberi basa romugadziri, uye nokukurumidza akava anozivikanwa munyika yose.

Panguva yaakapedza kudzidza kuJuilliard School, Eugene List akanga atove nemukurumbira wakanaka pakati pevadi vemimhanzi vekuAmerica. Asi muna 1942 akazvipira kuita basa rechiuto uye pashure pemwedzi mishoma yekudzidziswa akazova musoja. Chokwadi, akabva anzi aende ku "chikwata chevaraidzo", uye akafamba kubva payuniti kuenda kune imwe, achiridza piyano yakaiswa kumashure kwerori. Ikoku kwakapfuurira kutozosvikira pakupera kwehondo, kutozosvikira zvinoitika zvatorondedzerwa zvechirimo cha 1945. Nokukurumidza pashure paikoko, Ndaza yakabviswa. Zvaiita sekuti tarisiro dzakajeka dzakavhurika pamberi pake, kunyanya sezvo kushambadza kwake kwaive kwakanakisa - kunyangwe nemaitiro eAmerica. Adzokera kunyika yokumusha kwake, akakokwa kuzoridza muWhite House, pashure pacho magazini yeTime yakazomuti “muimbi wepiyano wedare asiri pamutemo wapurezidhendi.

Kazhinji, zvinhu zvose zvakafamba zvakanaka. Muna 1946, Liszt, pamwe chete nomudzimai wake, mutambi weviolin Carol Glen, akaita pamutambo wokutanga wePrague Spring, akapa makonzati akawanda uye akaita mumafirimu. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma zvakava pachena kuti tariro yaiiswa paari nevanoziva uye vanoyemura yakanga isina kunyatsoruramiswa. Kubudirira kwetarenda kwakadzikira zvakajeka; mutambi wepiyano akanga asina unhu hwakajeka, kuridza kwake kwakanga kusina kugadzikana, uye pakanga pasina chikero. Uye zvishoma nezvishoma, mamwe, maartist akajeka akasundira Liszt kumashure. Kusundirwa kumashure - asi kwete kufukidzwa zvachose. Akaramba achishingairira kupa makonzati, akawana yake, yaimbova "mhandara" mimhanzi yepiyano, umo akakwanisa kuratidza zvakanakisa zveunyanzvi hwake - runako rweruzha, rusununguko rwekutamba, risingarambiki hunyanzvi. Saka Liszt haana kukanda mapfumo pasi, kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti nzira yake haina kusvetwa nemaruva zvinoratidzwawo nechinhu chinokatyamadza chakadaro: kungopemberera makore makumi maviri neshanu echiitiko chake chekonzati, muimbi akatanga kuwana mukana wekuenda pachikuva paCarnegie Hall. .

American muimbi aigara achiita kunze kwenyika, ainyatsozivikanwa muEurope, kusanganisira muUSSR. Kubva 1962, akadzokorora ari nhengo yedare remakwikwi eTchaikovsky, akaitwa muMoscow, Leningrad nemamwe maguta, akanyorwa pane zvinyorwa. Kurekodha kwemakonti maviri naD. Shostakovich, akaitwa naye muna 1974 muMoscow, ndechimwe chepamusoro-soro yekubudirira kwemuimbi. Panguva imwecheteyo, kushaya simba kweEugene List hakuna kupukunyuka kutsoropodzwa kweSoviet. Kare muna 1964, mukati mokushanya kwake kwokutanga, M. Smirnov akacherekedza “kusawirirana, kuterama kwokufunga kwenziyo kwomuimbi. Zvirongwa zvake zvekuita zviri munharaunda yenguva refu uye, zvinosuruvarisa, kwete pfungwa dzinonakidza. "

Repertoire yaLiszt yakanga yakasiyana zvikuru. Pamwe chete nemabasa echinyakare e "standard" seti yezvinyorwa zverudo - concertos, sonatas nemitambo yaBeethoven, Brahms, Schumann, Chopin - nzvimbo yakakosha muzvirongwa zvake yakagarwa nemimhanzi yeRussia, uye pamusoro pezvose Tchaikovsky, uye kubva kuvanyori veSoviet. – Shostakovich. Liszt akaita zvakawanda kukwevera pfungwa dzevateereri kumienzaniso yepakutanga yemimhanzi yepiyano yeAmerica - mabasa emuvambi wayo Alexander Reingal uye kunyanya wekutanga wekuAmerica ane rudo Louis Moreau Gottschalk, ane mimhanzi yaairidza nemafungiro akajeka emaitiro uye nguva. Akarekodha uye kazhinji aiita mabasa ese epiyano yaGershwin uye McDowell's Second Concerto, akakwanisa kuzorodza zvirongwa zvake nedikidiki revanyori vekare seK. Graun's Gigue kana L. Dakan's zvidimbu, uye pamwe chete neuyu ndiye aive mutambi wekutanga pane akati wandei. inoshanda nevanyori vemazuva ano. : Concert by C. Chavez, songs by E. Vila Lobos, A. Fuleihan, A. Barro, E. Laderman. Pakupedzisira, pamwe chete nemudzimai wake Y. Liszt vakaita mabasa akawanda anokosha eviolin nepiyano, kusanganisira yaimbozivikanwa Sonata naFranz Liszt paDingindira reChopin.

Yakanga iri rudzi rwehuchenjeri, hwakasanganiswa nepamusoro erudition, iyo yakabatsira muimbi kuti arambe ari pamusoro pehupenyu hwekonzati, kutora yake, kunyange yakapfava, asi inocherechedzwa nzvimbo mune yayo huru. Imwe nzvimbo yakatsanangurwa nemagazini yekuPoland Rukh Muzychny makore mashoma apfuura seinotevera: “Muridzi wepiyano wekuAmerica Eugene List muimbi anonakidza kwazvo. Mutambo wake unoti hauna kuenzana, mafungiro ake anochinja; iye mudiki wepakutanga (kunyanya wenguva yedu), anoziva nzira yekukwezva muteereri nehunyanzvi hwakatanhamara uye nerunako rwechinyakare, anogona panguva imwe chete, pasina chikonzero zvachose, kutamba chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa kazhinji, kuvhiringidza chimwe chinhu, kukanganwa. chimwe chinhu, kana kuti kungozivisa, kuti akanga asina nguva yokugadzirira basa rakapikirwa mupurogiramu uye aizoridza chimwe chinhuwo zvacho. Nekudaro, izvi zvakare zvine runako rwayo ... ". Naizvozvo, misangano nehunyanzvi hweEugene List yaigara ichiunza ruzivo rwehunyanzvi kune vateereri mune yemhando yepamusoro fomu. Liszt's pedagogical work was episodic: muna 1964-1975 akadzidzisa paEastman School of Music, uye mumakore achangopfuura kuNew York University.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.