Dinu Lipatti (Dinu Lipatti) |

Dino Lipatti

Zita rake rave rave pfuma yenhoroondo: anenge makumi mashanu emakore apfuura kubva pakufa kwemuimbi. Munguva ino, nyeredzi dzakawanda dzakasimuka uye dzakamira pamatanho ekonzati yenyika, zvizvarwa zvakati wandei zvevapiyano vakatanhamara vakakura, miitiro mitsva yemitambo yemitambo yakasimbiswa - iyo inowanzonzi "maitiro emazuva ano". Uye zvakadaro, nhaka yaDinu Lipatti, kusiyana nenhaka yevamwe vazhinji maartist makuru ehafu yekutanga yezana ramakore redu, haina kuvharwa ne "flair ye museum", haina kurasikirwa nekunaka kwayo, kutsva kwayo: zvakazoitika. kuva kupfuura fashoni, uyezve, kwete chete kuenderera mberi kufadza vateereri, asiwo kupesvedzera zvizvarwa zvitsva zvevanoridza piyano. Zvinyorwa zvake hazvisi zvekudada kune vanounganidza madhisiki ekare - anodzoserwa zvakare uye zvakare, anotengeswa kunze pakarepo. Zvese izvi zviri kuitika kwete nekuti Lipatti anogona kunge achiri pakati pedu, ave muhukuru hwake, kana kusiri kwehurwere husina tsitsi. Zvikonzero zvakadzika - mukati chaimo cheunyanzvi hwake husingagumi, muhuchokwadi hwakadzama hwekunzwa, sekunge kucheneswa kwezvese zvekunze, zvenguva pfupi, kuwedzera simba rekupesvedzera kwetarenda remuimbi uye panguva ino kure.

Vashoma maartist vakakwanisa kusiya chiratidzo chakajeka zvakadaro mundangariro dzevanhu munguva pfupi, yakagoverwa kwavari nemagumo. Kunyanya kana tikarangarira kuti Lipatti anga asiri mwana mudiki mupfungwa inogamuchirwa yeshoko, uye kunonoka akatanga kuita kwakawanda kwekonzati. Akakura uye akakura mumamiriro emimhanzi: ambuya naamai vake vaiva piano dzakanakisisa, baba vake vaiva shasha yeviolin (vakatotora zvidzidzo kubva kuna P. Sarasate naK. Flesch). Mushoko rimwe, hazvishamisi kuti muimbi wenguva yemberi, asati aziva arufabheti, akagadziridzwa zvakasununguka papiyano. Kufara kwevana kwakabatanidzwa zvinoshamisa munziyo dzake dzisina kuoma nekukosha kunoshamisa; musanganiswa wakadaro wekukasika kwekunzwa nekudzika kwemufungo wakasara gare gare, uchiva chimiro chechimiro chemugadziri akura.

Mudzidzisi wekutanga waLipatti ane makore masere aiva munyori wenziyo M. Zhora. Mushure mokunge awana unyanzvi hunoshamisa hwepiyano mumudzidzi, muna 1928 akamuendesa kune mudzidzisi anozivikanwa Florika Muzychesk. Mumakore iwayo, aive nemumwe mutungamiri uye mutevedzeri - George Enescu, uyo akazova "godfather" wemuimbi wechidiki, uyo akanyatsotevera kukura kwake uye akamubatsira. Pazera re15, Lipatti akapedza kudzidza nerukudzo kubva kuBucharest Conservatory, uye munguva pfupi akahwina Mubairo weEnescu webasa rake guru rekutanga, iyo symphonic pendi "Chetrari". Panguva imwecheteyo, muimbi wacho akasarudza kutora chikamu mumakwikwi eInternational Piano Competition muVienna, imwe ye "makuru" maererano nehuwandu hwevatori vechikamu munhoroondo yemakwikwi: ipapo vanenge 250 maartist vakauya kuAustria guta guru. Lipatti aive wechipiri (mushure meB. Kohn), asi nhengo zhinji dzedare redzimhosva dzakamuti ndiye mukundi chaiye. A. Cortot akatosiya jury achipikisa; chero zvazvingava, akabva akoka pwere yeRomania kuParis.

Lipatti aigara muguta guru reFrance kwemakore mashanu. Akavandudzika naA. Cortot naI. Lefebur, akapinda kirasi yaNadia Boulanger, akatora zvidzidzo zvokuitisa kubva kuna C. Munsch, akaumbwa naI. Stravinsky naP. Duke. Boulanger, uyo akarera vazhinji vavaimbi vakuru, akataura ikoku pamusoro paLipatti: “Muimbi chaiyeiye mupfungwa yakazara yeshoko anogona kurangarirwa soanozvipa amene chose chose kumimhanzi, achikanganwa nezvake amene. Ndinogona kutaura zvakachengeteka kuti Lipatti mumwe weavo maartist. Uye iyo ndiyo tsananguro yakanakisisa yekutenda kwangu maari.” Yakanga iri naBoulanger iyo Lipatti akaita rekodhi yake yekutanga muna 1937: Madhanzi mana-maoko eBrahms.

Panguva imwecheteyo, basa rekonzati remuimbi rakatanga. Nechekare mitambo yake yekutanga muBerlin nemaguta eItaly yakakwezva kutarisisa kwemunhu wese. Mushure mekutanga kwake kweParisian, vatsoropodzi vakamuenzanisa naHorowitz uye vakabvumirana kufanotaura ramangwana rakajeka kwaari. Lipatti akashanyira Sweden, Finland, Austria, Switzerland, uye kwose kwose akabudirira. Nekonzati imwe neimwe, tarenda rake rakazaruka nezvikamu zvitsva. Izvi zvakafambiswa nekuzvitsoropodza kwake, nzira yake yekusika: asati aunza dudziro yake pachikuva, haana kuwana chete kugona kwakakwana kwechinyorwa, asiwo kusanganisa kwakazara nemimhanzi, izvo zvakakonzera kudzika kwakadzika mukati memunyori. chinangwa.

Ihwo hutsika kuti mumakore achangopfuura akatanga kutendeukira kunhaka yaBeethoven, uye pakutanga aifunga kuti haana kugadzirira izvi. Rimwe zuva akataura kuti zvakamutorera makore mana kugadzirira Beethoven's Fifth Concerto kana Tchaikovsky's First. Ehe, izvi hazvitauri nezve kugona kwake kwakaganhurirwa, asi chete nezvezvaanoda zvakanyanya paari. Asi chimwe nechimwe chemaitiro ake ndiko kuwanikwa kwechimwe chinhu chitsva. Achiramba akatendeka kuzvinyorwa zvemunyori, mutambi wepiyano aigara achiisa dudziro ne“mavara” ohunhu hwake.

Chimwe cheizvi zviratidzo zveunhu hwake hwakanga huri hunoshamisa hwemasikirwo ezvirevo: kureruka kwekunze, kujeka kwepfungwa. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kumuimbi mumwe nomumwe, akawana mavara epiyano chaiwo aienderana nemaonero ake enyika. Bach yake yaiita senge kuratidzira kupokana neganda re "museum" remhando yepamusoro. "Ndiani anotsunga kufunga nezvecembalo achiteerera Yekutanga Partita yakaitwa naLipatti, yakazadzwa nesimba rekutya kudaro, legato ine mutsindo uye nenyasha dzakakwirira kudaro?" akadanidzira mumwe wevatsoropodzi. Mozart akamukwezva, kutanga, kwete nenyasha uye kureruka, asi nemufaro, kunyangwe mutambo uye kusimba. "Hapana kubvumirwa kune gallant style," mutambo wake unoratidzika kutaura. Izvi zvinosimbiswa ne rhythmic rigor, kureva pedaling, simba rekubata. Kunzwisisa kwake kweChopin kuri mundege imwechete: hapana manzwiro, kureruka kwakasimba, uye panguva imwechete - simba guru rekunzwa ...

Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakawana muimbi muSwitzerland, pane imwe rwendo. Akadzokera kunyika yake, akaramba achiita, kunyora mimhanzi. Asi mhepo inopedza simba yeRomania yechiFascist yakamudzvinyirira, uye muna 1943 akakwanisa kuenda kuStockholm, uye kubva ikoko kuenda kuSwitzerland, iyo yakava utiziro hwake hwokupedzisira. Akatungamira dhipatimendi rekuita uye kirasi yepiyano kuGeneva Conservatory. Asi panguva iyo hondo payakapera uye tarisiro yakajeka yakazaruka pamberi pemuimbi, zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere chisingarapike zvakaonekwa - leukemia. Anonyorera mudzidzisi wake M. Zhora nehasha kuti: “Pandaiva noutano hwakanaka, kurwisana nokushayiwa kwainetesa. Zvandava kurwara, panokokwa kubva kunyika dzose. Ndakasaina chibvumirano neAustralia, South uye North America. Kunosetsa kwakadini kwezvichaitika! Asi handiregi. Ndicharwa chero zvodii."

Hondo yakaenderera mberi kwemakore. Nzendo refu dzaifanira kukanzurwa. Muchikamu chechipiri che40s, haana kumbobva kuSwitzerland; kunze kwaiva nzendo dzake dzokuLondon, kwaakaita debut yake muna 1946 pamwe chete naG. Karajan, achitamba Schumann's Concerto pasi pehutungamiri hwake. Lipatti akazoenda kuEngland kakawanda kunorekodha. Asi muna 1950, akanga asingachakwanisi kutsungirira kunyange rwendo rwakadaro, uye kambani yeI-am-a yakatumira "timu" yavo kwaari kuGeneva: mumazuva mashomanana, pamutengo wekuedza kukuru, 14 Chopin waltzes, Mozart's Sonata (No. 8) yakanyorwa , Bach Partita (B flat major), Chopin's 32nd Mazurka. Muna Nyamavhuvhu, akaimba nechikwata chevaimbi kekupedzisira: Concerto yaMozart (No. 21) yakarira, G. Karayan akanga ari pachikuva. Uye munaGunyana 16, Dinu Lipatti akaonekana nevateereri muBesançon. Chirongwa chekonzati chaisanganisira Bach's Partita muB flat major, Mozart's Sonata, maviri impromptu naSchubert uye ese gumi nemana waltzes naChopin. Akatamba 14 chete - wekupedzisira akanga asisina simba zvakakwana. Asi pachinzvimbo ichi, achiona kuti haachazovezve pachikuva, muimbi akaridza Bach Chorale, yakarongerwa piyano naMyra Hess… Kurekodhwa kwekonsati iyi kwakava rimwe remagwaro anonakidza, anokatyamadza munhoroondo yemimhanzi yezana ramakore redu…

Pashure porufu rwaLipatti, mudzidzisi wake neshamwari A. Cortot akanyora, kuti: “Anodiwa Dinu, kugara kwako kwenguva pfupi pakati pedu hakungokuisii mberi nokubvumirana kwavose kunzvimbo yokutanga pakati pokuridza piyano muchizvarwa chako. Muchiyeuchidzo cheavo vakakuteerera, iwe unosiya chivimbo chokuti dai mugumo wakanga usina utsinye kwauri, ipapo zita rako ringadai rakava ngano, muenzaniso webasa risina udyire kune unyanzvi. Iyo nguva yapfuura kubva ipapo yakaratidza kuti hunyanzvi hwaLipatti hunoramba huri muenzaniso wakadaro kusvika nhasi. Nhaka yake ine ruzha idiki - ingangoita maawa mapfumbamwe ekurekodha (kana iwe ukaverenga kudzokorora). Mukuwedzera kunziyo dzadudzwa pamusoro apa, akakwanisa kubata pamarekodhi makonsati akadaro naBach (No. 1), Chopin (Nhamba. 1), Grieg, Schumann, anotamba naBach, Mozart, Scarlatti, Liszt, Ravel, wake amene. nziyo – Concertino mumhando yemhando yepamusoro uye Sonata yeruboshwe… Zvinenge zvese. Asi munhu wose anojairana neaya marekodhi zvechokwadi achabvumirana nemashoko aFlorica Muzycescu, anoti: “Kutaura kwounyanzvi kwaakataura nevanhu kwagara kuchitora vateereri, kunobatawo vaya vanoteerera kuridza kwake parekodhi.”

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.