Nhoroondo uye hunhu hwenyere inochinjika
Nhoroondo pfupiso
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti nhoroondo yenyere ndeyeimwe yenhoroondo dziri kure dzezviridzwa zvinozivikanwa kwatiri nhasi. Inodzokera kumashure zviuru zvemakore, kunyangwe hazvo zviridzwa zvekutanga hazvina kufanana neanozivikanwa kwatiri nhasi. Pakutanga, dzakagadzirwa netsanga, pfupa kana huni (kusanganisira ebony, boxwood), nyanga dzenzou, porcelain uye kunyange kristaro. Nomuzvarirwo, pakutanga vakanga vari varekodha, uye imwe yokutanga yakanga ine chiyero mupfungwa yazvino yeshoko yakanga ine maburi masere. Kwemazana emakore, nyere yakashanduka pamwe nekumhanya kwakasiyana, asi shanduko chaiyo yakadaro maererano nekuvakwa kwayo uye kushandiswa kwakaitika chete muzana ramakore re1831, apo Theobald Boehm, mumakore 1847-XNUMX, akagadzira mechanics uye kuvaka kwakafanana iyo yazvino. Mumakumi emakore akatevera, nyere inochinjika nezvimwe zviridzwa zvakawanda zvakagadziridzwa zvakasiyana. Kusvika muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, mazhinji acho akagadzirwa angangoita ematanda. Nhasi, huwandu hwakawanda hwenyere dzakachinjika dzakagadzirwa nesimbi. Ehe, mhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi dzinoshandiswa, asi iyo yakajairika mbichana inoshandiswa mukuvaka iyo inochinjika nyere ndeye nickel kana sirivheri. Ndarama neplatinamu zvinoshandiswawo pakuvaka. Zvichienderana nezvakashandiswa, chiridzwa chichava neruzha rwayo. Kazhinji, kuitira kuti vawane ruzha rwakasiyana, vagadziri vanovaka chiridzwa vachishandisa simbi dzakakosha dzakasiyana-siyana, vachizvibatanidza pamwe chete, semuenzaniso wemukati wemukati unogona kuva sirivha uye kunze kwegoridhe-yakaputirwa.
Hunhu hwenyere
Nyere inochinjika ndeyeboka rezviridzwa zvehuni. Muboka iri chiridzwa chinokwanisa kuwana ruzha rwepamusoro. Iyo ine zvakare yakakura chiyero chechero chiridzwa chehuni, kubva ku c kana h diki, zvichienderana nekuvaka, kusvika kud4. Nechepfungwa, iwe unogona kuburitsa f4, kunyangwe zviri nyore kuwana. Manotsi echikamu chenyere akanyorwa pane treble clef. Ichi chiridzwa chinowana kushandiswa kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana mune chero rudzi rwemimhanzi. Yakakwana sechiridzwa chega pamwe chete nechiridzwa chinoperekedza. Tinogona kusangana naye mumakamuri madiki ensembles pamwe chete muhombe symphony kana jazz orchestra.
Kuvakwa kwenyere inochinjika
Nyere inochinjika ine zvikamu zvitatu: musoro, muviri uye tsoka. Mumusoro pane muromo watinodzvanya miromo. Musoro unopinzwa mumuviri une maburi maburi uye michina ine 13 flaps inovhura nekuvhara maburi. Mapepi anogona kuvhurika nemaburi emunwe pakati kana kuvharwa neanonzi akazara. Chinhu chechitatu itsoka, inova chikamu chinokubvumira kuburitsa ruzha rwakadzikira. Kune marudzi maviri etsoka: tsoka c (kusvika c¹) uye h (yakareba, ine imwe bhepi yediki h).
Unyanzvi hwenyere
Nekuda kwechiyero chakapamhama uye chimiro chenyere inochinjika, mikana yechiridzwa ichi yakakura chaizvo. Unogona kuiridza wakasununguka uchishandisa akasiyana matekiniki uye nzira dzekutamba dzinozivikanwa kwatiri nhasi, kusanganisira: legato, staccato, kaviri uye katatu staccato, tremolo, frullato, marudzi ese ezvishongedzo, uye whirlpools. Zvakare, pasina matambudziko makuru, unogona kuvhara madaro akareba pakati pemanzwi ega ega, anowanzozivikanwa sematanho. Chiyero chetonal chenyere inochinjika chinogona kupatsanurwa kuita mana ekutanga marejista: Yakaderera rejista (c1-g1), iyo inoratidzwa nerima uye kuridza muridzo. Rejista yepakati (a1-d3) ine ruzha rwakapfava, rwakapfava uye rwakajeka sezvo zvinyorwa zvinofambira kumusoro. Rejista yepamusoro (e3-b3) ine ruzha rwakajeka, rwekristaro, rwakapinza uye runopinda mukati. Rejista yakakwira zvakanyanya (h3-d4) inoratidzwa neruzha rwakapinza, rwakajeka. Ehe, iyo ine simba, yekududzira uye yekutaura mikana inotsamira zvakananga chete nehunyanzvi hwe flutist pachake.
Mhando dzenyere inochinjika
Kwemakore, mhando dzakasiyana dzechiridzwa ichi dzakagadzirwa, asi dzinonyanya kukosha uye dzinonyanya kufarirwa dzinosanganisira: iyo huru inochinjika nyere (yakajairwa) ine chiyero kubva ku c¹ kana h diki (zvinoenderana nekuvakwa kwetsoka yenyere) kusvika d4, ipapo iyo piccolo nyere, iyo inenge hafu ipfupi pane yakajairika uye mukugadzirisa octave yakakwirira, uye alto flute, chiyero chayo kubva pa f kusvika f3. Kune mamwe mashoma asingazivikanwe mhando dzenyere dzinochinjika, asi kazhinji hadzina kunyatso shandiswa parizvino.
Summation
Pasina mubvunzo, nyere inochinjika chimwe chezviridzwa zvine simba guru remimhanzi, asi zvakare chimwe chezvakanyanya kuoma kudzidza zviridzwa zvehuni.
