Zakhary Petrovych Paliashvili (Zachary Paliashvili) |

Zachary Paliashvili

Zakhary Paliashvili aive wekutanga mumhanzi wehunyanzvi kuvhura zvakavanzika zvemazana emakore emumhanzi simba revanhu veGeorgia nesimba rinoshamisa uye chiyero uye kudzosera iri simba kuvanhu… A. Tsulukidze

Z. Paliashvili inonzi yakakura classic yemimhanzi yeGeorgian, achienzanisa kukosha kwake kune tsika dzechiGeorgian nebasa raM. Glinka mumhanzi weRussia. Mabasa ake anosanganisira mweya wevanhu vekuGeorgia, vakazadzwa nerudo rwehupenyu uye chishuwo chisingachinji cherusununguko. Paliashvili akateya nheyo dzemutauro wemimhanzi wenyika, achibatanidza maitiro emhando dzakasiyana dzenziyo dzevarombo (Gurian, Megrelian, Imeretian, Svan, Kartalino-Kakhetian), ngano yemadhorobha uye nzira dzehunyanzvi dzeGeorgian choral epic nehunyanzvi hwekunyora. Mumhanzi weWestern Europe neRussia. Kunyanya kubereka Paliashvili kwaive kufananidzwa kwetsika dzakapfuma dzekusika dzevanyori veThe Mighty Handful. Kuve kwakatangira mimhanzi yeGeorgian nyanzvi, basa raPaliashvili rinopa chinongedzo chakananga uye chekurarama pakati pacho neSoviet musical art yeGeorgia.

Paliashvili akaberekerwa kuKutaisi mumhuri yekwaya yechechi, 6 yevana 18 vakava vaimbi vehunyanzvi. Kubva paudiki, Zachary aiimba mukwaya, achiridza harmonium panguva yemisangano yechechi. Mudzidzisi wake wekutanga wemimhanzi aiva muimbi weKutaisi F. Mizandari, uye pashure pokunge mhuri yatamira kuTiflis muna 1887, mukoma wake mukuru Ivan, akazova mudzidzisi ane mukurumbira, akadzidza naye. Upenyu hwemimhanzi hwaTiflis hwakaenderera mberi zvakanyanya mumakore iwayo. Tiflis bazi reRMO uye chikoro chemimhanzi muna 1882-93. inotungamirirwa naM. Ippolitov-Ivanov, P. Tchaikovsky nevamwe vaimbi vokuRussia vaiwanzouya nemakonzati. Chiitiko chekonti chinonakidza chakaitwa neGeorgian Choir, yakarongedzwa neanofarira mimhanzi yeGeorgian L. Agniashvili. Pakanga pari mumakore aya apo kuumbwa kwechikoro chenyika chevanyori chakaitika.

Vamiririri varo vakajeka - vaimbi vechidiki M. Balanchivadze, N. Sulkhanishvili, D. Arakishvili, Z. Paliashvili vanotanga basa ravo nekudzidza ngano dzemimhanzi. Paliashvili akaenda kunzvimbo dziri kure uye dzakaoma-kusvika kuGeorgia, achirekodha approx. 300 nziyo dzevanhu. Mhedzisiro yebasa iri yakazoburitswa (1910) muunganidzwa wenziyo makumi mana dzechiGeorgian mukubatana kwevanhu.

Paliashvili akagamuchira dzidzo yake yeunyanzvi pakutanga paTiflis Musical College (1895-99) mukirasi yehwamanda uye dzidziso yemimhanzi, ipapo kuMoscow Conservatory pasi peS. Taneyev. Ari kuMoscow, akaronga kwaya yevadzidzi vechiGeorgian vaiimba nziyo dzechivanhu mumakonzati.

Kudzokera kuTiflis, Paliashvili akatanga chiitiko chine dutu. Akadzidzisa pachikoro chemimhanzi, muimba yekurovedza muviri, kwaakagadzira kwaya uye netambo orchestra kubva kuvadzidzi. Muna 1905, akatora chikamu pakuvambwa kweGeorgian Philharmonic Society, aiva mutungamiriri wechikoro chemimhanzi munharaunda iyi (1908-17), akaitwa maoperas nevanyori vekuEurope akaitwa kekutanga muchiGeorgian. Iri basa guru rakapfuurira pashure pechimurenga. Paliashvili aiva purofesa uye mutungamiriri weTbilisi Conservatory mumakore akasiyana (1919, 1923, 1929-32).

Muna 1910, Paliashvili akatanga basa rekutanga opera Abisalom naEteri, iyo yekutanga iyo yaFebruary 21, 1919 yakava chiitiko chakakosha munyika. Nheyo ye libretto, yakagadzirwa nemudzidzisi weGeorgia ane mukurumbira uye chimiro chevanhu vose P. Mirianashvili, yaiva nyanzvi yezvinyorwa zvechiGeorgian, epic Eteriani, nhetembo yakafuridzirwa pamusoro perudo rwakachena uye rwakanyanya. (Unyanzvi hwechiGeorgian hwakaramba huchikumbira kwaari, kunyanya mudetembi mukuru wenyika V. Pshavela.) Rudo inyaya isingagumi uye yakanaka! Paliashvili anoipa chiyero chemutambo mukuru, achitora iyo monumental Kartalo-Kakhetian choral epic uye Svan melodies sehwaro hwekumisikidzwa kwayo kwemumhanzi. Zviratidziro zvakawedzerwa zvekwaya zvinogadzira monolithic architectonics, inomutsa kushamwaridzana nematombo makuru ezvivakwa zveGeorgia zvekare, uye zviratidziro zvetsika zvinoyeuchidza tsika dzemitambo yekare yenyika. Georgian melos inopindira kwete mimhanzi chete, ichigadzira yakasarudzika ruvara, asi zvakare inotora iwo makuru anoshamisa mabasa mu opera.

Musi wa19 Zvita, 1923, kuTbilisi kwakaitika mutambo wechipiri waPaliashvili ainzi Daisi (Twilight, lib. nomunyori wemitambo wokuGeorgia V. Gunia). Chiito ichi chinoitika muzana ramakore re1927. munguva yekurwisana neLezgins uye ine, pamwe chete neinotungamira rudo-lyrical line, vanhu heroic-patriotic mass scenes. Iyo opera inoitika sengetani yerwiyo, zvinoshamisa, hugamba, zvemazuva ese episodhi, inokwezva nerunako rwemimhanzi, ichibatanidza zvakasiana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvevaGeorgian varimi uye ngano yemadhorobha. Paliashvili akapedza opera yake yechitatu uye yekupedzisira Latavra pane heroic-patriotic plot yakabva pamutambo waS. Shanshiashvili muna 10. Nokudaro, opera yakanga iri pakati pezvido zvekugadzira zvemunyori, kunyange zvazvo Paliashvili akanyora mimhanzi mune mamwe marudzi zvakare. Iye ndiye munyori wehuwandu hwekudanana, mabasa ekwaya, pakati peiyo cantata "Kusvika ku1928th Anniversary yeSoviet Power". Kunyangwe panguva yezvidzidzo zvake panzvimbo yekuchengetedza, akanyora akati wandei ma preludes, sonatas, uye muna XNUMX, zvichibva pangano dzechiGeorgian, akagadzira "Georgian Suite" yeorchestra. Uye zvakadaro yaive mu opera iyo inonyanya kukosha kutsvaga kwehunyanzvi yakaitwa, tsika dzemimhanzi yenyika dzakaumbwa.

Paliashvili akavigwa mubindu reTbilisi Opera House, ine zita rake. Neizvi, vanhu veGeorgia vakaratidza ruremekedzo rwavo rwakadzama kune classics yenyika opera art.

O. Averyanova