Boris Nikolayevich Lyatoshinsky (Boris Lyatoshinsky) |

Boris Lyatoshinsky

Zita raBoris Nikolaevich Lyatoshinsky rinobatanidzwa kwete chete nehombe uye, zvichida, nguva inobwinya zvikuru mukusimudzirwa kwemimhanzi yeUkraine Soviet, asiwo nekurangarira tarenda guru, ushingi uye kuvimbika. Munguva dzakaoma zvikuru dzenyika yake, munguva dzakaoma zvikuru dzehupenyu hwake pachake, akaramba ari muimbi akatendeseka, ane ushingi. Lyatoshinsky anonyanya muimbi we symphonic. Kwaari, symphonism inzira yehupenyu mumimhanzi, musimboti wekufunga mumabasa ese pasina kusarudzika - kubva kune yakakura canvas kusvika kune choral miniature kana kurongeka kwerwiyo rwevanhu.

Nzira yeLyatoshinsky mune unyanzvi yakanga isiri nyore. Mudzidzi wenhaka, muna 1918 akapedza kudzidza kubva kuFaculty of Law yeKyiv University, gore rakatevera - kubva kuKyiv Conservatory mukirasi yekunyora yeR. Gliere. Makore asina kugadzikana emakore gumi okutanga ezana ramakore akaratidzirwawo mumabasa okutanga emunyori wechiduku, umo rudo rwake rwakatonzwiwa zvakajeka. Yekutanga uye Yechipiri Tambo Quartets, Yekutanga Symphony izere nemhepo ine mafambiro erudo, iwo akanyatsonatswa emimhanzi madingindira akadzokera kumashure kweScriabin. Kutarisisa kukuru kushoko - nhetembo yaM. Maeterlinck, I. Bunin, I. Severyanin, P. Shelley, K. Balmont, P. Verlaine, O. Wilde, vadetembi vekare vechiChinese vakaiswa murudo rwakanatswa zvakaenzana nerwiyo rwakaoma, zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zveharmonic uye rhythmic zvinoreva. Izvo zvinogona kutaurwa nezve piano mabasa enguva ino (Reflections, Sonata), iyo inoratidzirwa nemifananidzo yakanyatsojeka, aphoristic laconism yemadingindira uye yavo inonyanya kushanda, inoshamisa uye inobudirira kukura. Iyo yepakati kuumbwa ndiyo Yekutanga Symphony (1918), iyo yainyatso ratidza chipo chepolyphonic, murairo wakajeka we orchestral timbres, uye chiyero chepfungwa.

Muna 1926, Overture yakaonekwa pamadingindira mana eUkraine, zvichiratidza kutanga kwenguva nyowani, iyo inoratidzwa nekunyatsotarisisa ngano dzeUkraine, kupinda muzvakavanzika zvekufunga kwevanhu, munhoroondo yayo, tsika (iyo operas The Golden Hoop uye The Mutungamiriri (Shchors) ); cantata "Zapovit" paT. Shevchenko; yakamisikidzwa nenziyo dzakanakisa, gadziriro dzenziyo dzechiUkraine dzezwi nepiyano uye nekwaya cappella, umo Lyatoshinsky anozivisa noushingi maitiro epolyphonic, pamwe neasina kujairika kumimhanzi yechivanhu, asi inonyatsoratidza uye organic kuwirirana). Iyo opera The Golden Hoop (yakavakirwa panyaya naI. Franko) nekuda kwechiitiko chenhoroondo kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. akaita kuti zvikwanisike kupenda mifananidzo yevanhu, uye rudo rwakashata, uye mavara anoshamisa. Mutauro wemimhanzi we opera wakangosiyanawo, uine hurongwa hwakaoma hwema leitmotifs uye inoenderera mberi symphonic development. Mukati memakore ehondo, pamwe chete neKiyv Conservatory, Lyatoshinsky akatamiswa kuSaratov, uko kushanda nesimba kwakapfuurira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Muimbi wacho aigara achishandira pamwe nevapepeti venhepfenyuro. T. Shevchenko, uyo akatepfenyura zvirongwa zvake zvevagari uye vatsigiri vendima yeUkraine yakatorwa. Mumakore mamwechetewo, iyo yeUkraine Quintet, yechina String Quartet, uye iyo Suite yeString Quartet pamadingindira echiUkraine akagadzirwa.

Makore epashure pehondo akanga akanyanyisa uye achibereka zvibereko. Kwemakore makumi maviri, Lyatoshinsky ave achigadzira madiki madiki ekwaya: paSt. T. Shevchenko; kutenderera "Mwaka" paSt. A. Pushkin, pachiteshi. A. Fet, M. Rylsky, "Kubva Kare".

The Third Symphony, yakanyorwa muna 1951, yakava basa rinokosha. Dingindira raro guru nderokurwisana pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa. Mushure mekuita kwekutanga pamusangano weUnion of Composers yeUkraine, symphony yakashoropodzwa zvisina kunaka, sezvaiitwa panguva iyoyo. Muimbi aifanira kugadzira zvakare scherzo uye yekupedzisira. Asi, zvinofadza, mimhanzi yakaramba iri mupenyu. Nekuenzanisira kwechirevo chakaoma zvikuru, kufunga kwemimhanzi, mhinduro inoshamisa, Lyatoshinsky's Third Symphony inogona kuiswa pamwe chete neD. Shostakovich's Seventh Symphony. 50-60s yakaratidzwa nemunyori kufarira kukuru mutsika dzeSlavic. Mukutsvaga midzi yakafanana, kufanana kwevaSlav, Polish, Serbian, Croatian, Bulgarian folklore inonyatsodzidza. Somugumisiro, “Slavic Concerto” yepiyano neorchestra inooneka; 2 mazurkas pamadingindira echiPolish ecello nepiyano; zverudo paSt. A. Mitskevich; symphonic nhetembo "Grazhina", "Pamahombekombe Vistula"; "Polish Suite", "Slavic Overture", Yechishanu ("Slavic") Symphony, "Slavic Suite" ye symphony orchestra. Pan-Slavism Lyatoshinsky anodudzira kubva kunzvimbo dzakakwirira dzevanhu, senharaunda yemanzwiro uye kunzwisisa kwenyika.

Muimbi wacho aitungamirirwa nemafungiro akafanana mubasa rake rekudzidzisa, achiunza chizvarwa chinopfuura chimwe chevanyori veUkraine. Chikoro cheLyatoshinsky, chekutanga, kuzivikanwa kwemunhu oga, kuremekedza maonero akasiyana, rusununguko rwekutsvaga. Ndicho chikonzero nei vadzidzi vake V. Silvestrov naL. Grabovsky, V. Godzyatsky naN. Poloz, E. Stankovich uye I. Shamo vakasiyana zvakanyanya mubasa ravo. Mumwe nomumwe wavo, akazvisarudzira nzira yake, zvisinei, mune rimwe nerimwe remabasa ake, anoramba akatendeka kumurairo mukuru weMudzidzisi - kuramba ari mugari akatendeseka uye asingakanganisi, mushumiri wehutsika uye hana.

S. Filstein