Hermann Scherchen |

Herman Scherchen

Mufananidzo mukuru waHermann Scherchen unomira munhoroondo yekuitisa hunyanzvi padanho nezvinopenya zvakaita seKnappertsbusch naWalter, Klemperer naKleiber. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, Sherchen anotora nzvimbo inokosha zvikuru munyaya iyi. Mufungi wemumhanzi, aive muyedzeri ane shungu uye muongorori hupenyu hwake hwese. Kuna Sherhen, basa rake semuimbi raive rechipiri, sekunge rakabva mumabasa ake ese semugadziri, mutungamiri uye piyona wehunyanzvi hutsva. Kwete chete uye kwete zvakanyanya kuita izvo zvakatozivikanwa, asi kubatsira mimhanzi kugadzira nzira nyowani, kugonesa vateereri nezvekururama kweiyi nzira, kukurudzira vanyori kutevera nzira idzi uye chete ipapo kuparadzira izvo zvakawanikwa, kutaura. ndizvo – ndizvo zvaive zvaitwa naSherhen. Uye akaomerera kune iyi credo kubva pakutanga kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwake hwakaoma uye nedutu.

Sherchen sekondakita aizvidzidzisa. Akatanga semuridzi weviolist muBerlin Bluthner Orchestra (1907-1910), ndokuzoshanda kuBerlin Philharmonic. Kushingaira kwemuimbi, azere nesimba uye pfungwa, kwakamutungamirira kumire yemuitisi. Zvakatanga kuitika muRiga muna 1914. Nokukurumidza hondo yakatanga. Sherhen akanga ari muchiuto, akatorwa musungwa uye akanga ari munyika yedu mumazuva eChimurenga chaOctober. Aororwa zvikuru nezvaakaona, akadzokera kunyika yokumusha kwake muna 1918, uko pakutanga akatanga kutungamirira kwaya dzinoshanda. Uye zvakare muBerlin, Schubert Choir yakaimba nziyo dzechimurenga dzeRussia kekutanga, dzakarongwa uye nemagwaro echiGerman naHermann Scherchen. Uye saka vachiripo kusvikira nhasi.

Nechekare mumakore aya ekutanga echiitiko chemuimbi, kufarira kwake kukuru muunyanzvi hwemazuva ano kuri kuoneka. Haagutsikani nebasa rekonzati, iro riri kuramba richiwedzera. Sherchen akatanga New Musical Society muBerlin, anodhinda magazini yeMelos, yakatsaurirwa kumatambudziko emimhanzi yemazuva ano, uye anodzidzisa paChikoro Chepamusoro cheMimhanzi. Muna 1923 akava mutsivi waFurtwängler muFrankfurt am Main, uye muna 1928-1933 akatungamirira orchestra muKönigsberg (yava kunzi Kaliningrad), panguva imwe cheteyo ari mutungamiriri weMumhanzi College muWinterthur, yaaitungamirira nguva nenguva kusvika 1953. achisvika pakutonga kwevaNazi, Scherchen akatamira kuSwitzerland, kwaaimbova mutungamiriri wemimhanzi weredhiyo muZurich neBeromunster. Mumakumi emakore mushure mehondo, akatenderera pasirese, akatungamira makosi ekuitisa aakavamba uye yekuyedza electro-acoustic studio muguta reGravesano. Kwenguva yakati Sherchen akatungamirira Vienna Symphony Orchestra.

Zvakaoma kuverenga nziyo, mutambi wokutanga aiva Sherhen muupenyu hwake. Uye kwete chete mutambi, asiwo munyori-munyori, anokurudzira wevanyori vakawanda. Pakati pemazhinji emitambo yekutanga yakaitwa pasi pekutungamira kwake pane koniti yeviolin naB. Bartok, zvidimbu zveokestra kubva kuna "Wozzeck" naA. Berg, opera "Lukull" naP. Dessau uye "White Rose" naV. Fortner, "Amai ” naA. Haba uye “Nocturne” naA. Honegger, inoshanda nevanyori vemarudzi ese - kubva kuHindemith, Roussel, Schoenberg, Malipiero, Egk naHartmann kusvika kuNono, Boulez, Penderecki, Maderna nevamwe vamiririri vemazuva ano avant-garde.

Sherchen aiwanzoshorwa nekuda kwekusaverengeka, nekuyedza kuparadzira zvese zvitsva, kusanganisira izvo zvisina kuenda kunze kwechiyero chekuyedza. Zvechokwadi, hazvisi zvose zvakaitwa achitungamirirwa naye zvakazowana maruramiro okuva mugari wemunyika pagungano rekonzati. Asi Sherchen haana kunyepedzera kuva. Chido chisingawanzo chezvese chitsva, kugadzirira kubatsira chero kutsvaga, kutora chikamu mazviri, chishuwo chekuwana mavari chinhu chinonzwisisika, chinodiwa chakagara chichisiyanisa muitisi, zvichiita kuti adiwe zvakanyanya uye ari pedyo nepwere yemimhanzi.

Panguva imwecheteyo, Sherchen pasina mubvunzo aive murume ane pfungwa dzepamusoro. Aifarira zvikuru vanyori veshanduko vekuMadokero uye mumhanzi wechidiki weSoviet. Kufarira uku kwakaratidzwa pakuti Sherkhen aiva mumwe wevatambi vekutanga kumadokero kwehuwandu hwemabasa nevanyori vedu - Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Veprik, Myaskovsky, Shekhter nevamwe. Mutambi akashanyira USSR kaviri uye akabatanidza mabasa nevanyori veSoviet muchirongwa chake chekushanya. Muna 1927, asvika muUSSR kekutanga, Sherhen akaita Myaskovsky Seventh Symphony, iyo yakava mhedziso yerwendo rwake. "Kuitwa kwesymphony yaMyaskovsky kwakave chizaruro chaicho - nesimba rakadaro uye nekunyengetedza kwakadaro kwakaratidzwa nemutyairi, uyo akaratidza nekuita kwake kwekutanga muMoscow kuti mududziri anoshamisa wemabasa emhando itsva, ” akanyora kudaro mutsoropodzi weLife of Art magazine. , sekutaura, chipo chechisikigo chekuita kwemimhanzi mitsva, Scherchen haasiwo mutambi anoshamisa wemumhanzi wekare, waakaratidza nemoyo wese kuita kwehunyanzvi uye nehunyanzvi hwakaoma Beethoven-Weingartner fugue.

Sherchen akafira panzvimbo yakondakita; mazuva mashoma asati afa, akaita konzati yemimhanzi yazvino yechiFrench nePolish muBordeaux, ndokuzotungamira kuita kweDF Malipiero's opera Orpheida paFlorence Music Festival.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek