Jussi Björling |

Jussi Björling

Swede Jussi Björling akadanwa nevatsoropodzi kuti ndiye chete mukwikwidzi wemukuru weItaly Beniamino Gigli. Mumwe wevaimbi vanoshamisa vainziwo "mudiwa Jussi", "Apollo bel canto". “Björling aiva nenzwi rorunako runoshamisa, ane unhu hwechiItaly hwakasiyana,” anodaro VV Timokhin. "Timbo rake rakakunda nekupenya kunoshamisa uye kudziya, ruzha rwacho rwaisiyaniswa neisingawanzo purasitiki, kupfava, kuchinjika uye panguva imwechete yaive yakapfuma, ine muto, inopisa. Muchikamu chese, inzwi remuimbi rainzwika rakasununguka - manotsi ake epamusoro aipenya uye achinzwika, rejisita yepakati yakatorwa moyo nekupfava kunotapira. Uye nekuita chaiko kwemuimbi munhu aikwanisa kunzwa hunhu hwekuItaly kufara, kumhanyirira, kuvhurika kwakanaka, kunyangwe chero mhando yekuwedzeredza mupfungwa yaigara isinganzwisisike kuna Björling.

Akanga ari mufananidzo mupenyu wetsika dzeItaly bel canto uye akanga ari muimbi akafuridzirwa werunako rwayo. Avo vatsoropodzi vanoisa Björling pakati pechikumbiro chevakakurumbira vekuItaly tenors (akadai saCaruso, Gigli kana Pertile) vakakwana, kune avo runako rwekuimba, purasitiki yesainzi inonzwika, uye rudo rwemutsara wenhaka zvinhu zvakakosha zvekuita. chitarisiko. Kunyangwe mumabasa emhando yeveristic, Björling haana kumbobvira apinda murudo, kuomesera, kusambotyora kunaka kwechirevo chezwi nekudzokorora kwekuimba kana mataurirwo akawandisa. Kubva pane zvese izvi hazvitevedze zvachose kuti Björling haasi muimbi ane hasha akakwana. Nemapopopo uye nechido chakakura izwi rake rakanzwika mumitambo inoyevedza yemitambo yaVerdi nevanyori vechikoro chechokwadi - ingave yaive yekupedzisira yeIl trovatore kana chiitiko cheTuriddu naSantuzza kubva kuRural Honor! Björling muimbi ane pfungwa dzakanyatsogadziridzwa dzezviyero, kuwirirana kwemukati kwese, uye muimbi ane mukurumbira weSweden akaunza hukuru hwehunyanzvi hwekuita, rondedzero yakamisikidzwa kune chimiro cheItaly chekuita nekusimba kwayo kwechinyakare kusimbiswa kwemanzwiro.

Inzwi chairo raBjörling (pamwe nezwi raKirsten Flagstad) rine mumvuri wakajeka wekureruka, saka hunhu hwenzvimbo dzekuchamhembe, mumhanzi waGrieg naSibelius. Uku kupfava kwakapfava kwakapa kubata kwakakosha uye mweya kuItaly cantilena, nziyo dzenziyo dzakanzwika naBjörling nerunako runoroya, rwemashiripiti.

Yuhin Jonatan Björling akaberekwa munaFebruary 2, 1911 muStora Tuna mumhuri yemimhanzi. Baba vake, David Björling, muimbi ane mukurumbira, akapedza kudzidza kuVienna Conservatory. Baba vakarota kuti vanakomana vavo Olle, Jussi naYesta vaizova vaimbi. Saka, Jussi akagamuchira zvidzidzo zvake zvekuimba zvekutanga kubva kuna baba vake. Nguva yasvika apo chirikadzi yepakutanga David akasarudza kutora vanakomana vake kumutambo wekonzati kuti vadyise mhuri yake, uye panguva imwe chete zivisa vakomana kumimhanzi. Baba vake vakaronga musangano wemhuri wainzi Björling Quartet, umo mudiki Jussi akaimba chikamu chesoprano.

Vana ava vaitamba mumachechi, makirabhu, masangano edzidzo munyika yose. Makonzati aya chaive chikoro chakanaka chevaimbi venguva yemberi - vakomana kubva vachiri vadiki vaive vajaira kuzvitora sevanyori. Sezvineiwo, panguva yekuitwa kweiyo quartet, kune zvinyorwa zvechidiki zvikuru, makore mapfumbamwe Jussi, zvakaitwa muna 1920. Uye akatanga kunyora nguva dzose kubva pazera remakore gumi nemasere.

Makore maviri baba vake vasati vafa, Jussi nevakoma vake vaifanira kuita mabasa asinganzwisisike vasati vazadzisa chishuwo chavo chekuva vaimbi vane hunyanzvi. Makore maviri gare gare, Jussi akakwanisa kupinda muRoyal Academy of Music muStockholm, mukirasi yaD. Forsel, ipapo mukuru weimba yeopera.

Kwapera gore, muna 1930, chiitiko chekutanga chaJussi chakaitika pachikuva cheStockholm Opera House. Muimbi wechidiki akaimba chikamu chaDon Ottavio muMozart's Don Giovanni uye akabudirira zvikuru. Panguva imwecheteyo, Björling akaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake paRoyal Opera School nemudzidzisi weItaly Tullio Voger. Kwapera gore, Björling anova soloist neStockholm Opera House.

Kubva 1933, mukurumbira wemuimbi ane tarenda wakapararira muEurope yose. Izvi zvinofambiswa nerwendo rwake rwakabudirira muCopenhagen, Helsinki, Oslo, Prague, Vienna, Dresden, Paris, Florence. Kugamuchirwa nechido kwemuimbi weSweden kwakamanikidza dhipatimendi rematheatre mumaguta akati kuti awedzere nhamba yemitambo nokupinda kwake. Mutungamiriri ane mukurumbira Arturo Toscanini akakoka muimbi kuSalzburg Mutambo muna 1937, uko muimbi akaita basa raDon Ottavio.

Mugore rimwe chetero, Björling akaita zvinobudirira muUSA. Mushure mekuita kwechirongwa chega muguta reSpringfield (Massachusetts), mapepanhau mazhinji akaunza mishumo yekonzati kumapeji ekutanga.

Sekureva kwevanyori venhoroondo dzemitambo yemitambo, Björling akave mudiki pane vese Metropolitan Opera yakambosaina kondirakiti yekuita mabasa ekutungamira. Musi waNovember 24, Jussi akakwira pachikuva cheMetropolitan kekutanga, achiita kutanga kwake nepati mu opera La bohème. Uye musi waDecember 2, muimbi akaimba chikamu cheManrico muIl trovatore. Uyezve, maererano nevatsoropodzi, ne "runako rwakasiyana uye kubwinya", izvo zvakabva zvatora maAmerica. Ndiko kwaiva kukunda kwechokwadi kwaBjörling.

VV Timokhin anonyora kuti: “Björling akaita dambarefu rake pachikuva cheLondon Covent Garden Theatre muna 1939 asina kubudirira, uye mwaka wa1940/41 kuMetropolitan akavhura nemutambo Un ballo mumaschera, umo muimbi akaimba chikamu che. Richard. Netsika, manejimendi emitambo inokoka vaimbi vanonyanya kufarirwa nevateereri pakuvhurwa kwemwaka. Kana iri Verdi opera yakataurwa, yakapedzisira kuitirwa muNew York ingangoita chikamu chechina chezana ramakore rapfuura! Muna 1940, Björling akaita kekutanga pachikuva cheSan Francisco Opera (Un ballo mu maschera uye La bohème).

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, mabasa emuimbi aingogumira kuSweden. Kare muna 1941, zviremera zveGermany, zvichiziva mirangariro yaBjörling yekurwisana nefascist, zvakamuramba vhiza rokupfuura nomuGermany, raidikanwa nokuda kworwendo rwokuUnited States; ipapo rwendo rwake muVienna rwakabviswa, sezvo akaramba kuimba muchiGermany mu "La Boheme" uye "Rigoletto". Björling akaita kanoverengeka mumakonzati akarongwa neInternational Red Cross achifarira vakawirwa neNazism, uye nokudaro akawana mukurumbira uye kukoshesa kubva kuzviuru zvevateereri.

Vazhinji vateereri vakajairana nebasa ratenzi weSweden nekuda kwekurekodha. Kubva 1938 anga achirekodha mimhanzi yeItaly mumutauro wekutanga. Gare gare, muimbi anoimba neinenge yakaenzana rusununguko muItaly, French, Germany uye Chirungu: panguva imwecheteyo, kunaka kwezwi, hunyanzvi hwekutaura, kurongeka kwekutaura hakumbomutengesa. Kazhinji, Björling akapesvedzera muteereri zvakanyanya nerubatsiro rweizwi rake rakapfuma kwazvo retimbre uye risingachinjiki, pasina kushandisa majeti emaoko uye chiso chake pachikuva.

Makore epashure pehondo akaratidzirwa nekukwira kutsva kwetarenda guru remuimbi, zvichimuunza zviratidzo zvitsva zvekuzivikanwa. Anoita mudzimba huru dzeOpera munyika, anopa makonzati akawanda.

Saka, mumwaka wa1945/46, muimbi anoimba paMetropolitan, anotarisa pamatanho edzimba dzeOpera muChicago neSan Francisco. Uye zvakare kwemakore gumi nemashanu, idzi nzvimbo dzeAmerican opera dzinogara dzichigamuchira muimbi ane mukurumbira. PaMetropolitan Theatre kubva panguva iyoyo, mwaka mitatu chete yapfuura pasina kutora chikamu kwaBjörling.

Kuve mukurumbira, Björling haana kuputsa, zvisinei, neguta rake rekuzvarwa, akaramba achiita nguva dzose paStockholm stage. Pano haana kupenya kwete chete mune yake korona yeItaly repertoire, asiwo akaita zvakawanda kusimudzira basa revanyori veSweden, rakaitwa mumitambo inonzi The Bride naT. Rangstrom, Fanal naK. Atterberg, Engelbrecht naN. Berg.

Runako uye kusimba kweyerical-inoshamisa tenor, kuchena kweizwi, crystal yakajeka diction uye mataurirwo asina kunaka mumitauro mitanhatu zvave ngano. Pakati pepamusoro pekubudirira kwemuiti, kutanga kune zvose, mabasa mumitambo yeItaly repertoire - kubva kumakirasi kusvika kune verists: The Barber of Seville naWilliam Tell by Rossini; "Rigoletto", "La Traviata", "Aida", "Trovatore" naVerdi; "Tosca", "Cio-Cio-San", "Turandot" naPuccini; "Clowns" naLeoncavallo; Kumaruwa Kudza Mascagni. Asi pamwe neizvi, iye neBelmont yakanakisa muThe Abduction kubva kuSeraglio naTamino muThe Magic Flute, Florestan muFidelio, Lensky naVladimir Igorevich, Faust mune opera yaGounod. Mushoko rimwe chete, mutsara wekugadzira waBjörling wakapamhama sehuwandu hwezwi rake rine simba. Mune repertoire yake mune zvinopfuura makumi mana zvikamu zve opera, akarekodha akawanda akawanda ezvinyorwa. Mumakonzati, Jussi Björling nguva nenguva aiimba nevanin'ina vake, avo vakazovawo maartist anozivikanwa, uye dzimwe nguva nemukadzi wake, muimbi ane tarenda Anne-Lisa Berg.

Basa raBjörling rakanaka rakapera pakakwirira. Zviratidzo zvechirwere chemoyo zvakatanga kuoneka pakati pemakore makumi mashanu, asi muenzi akaedza kusazviona. Muna March 50, akatambura chirwere chemwoyo panguva yeLondon performance yeLa bohème; show yaifanira kukanzurwa. Nekudaro, asina kupora, Jussi akadzoka pachikuva hafu yeawa gare gare uye mushure mekupera kwe opera akapihwa kusimuka kusati kwamboitika.

Vanachiremba vakasimbirira kurapwa kwenguva refu. Björling akaramba kuenda pamudyandigere, muna Chikumi wegore rimwe chetero akaita kurekodha kwake kwekupedzisira - Verdi's Requiem.

Musi wa9 Nyamavhuvhu akapa konzati muGothenburg, iyo yaifanirwa kuve yekupedzisira kuita kwemuimbi mukuru. Arias anobva kuLohengrin, Onegin, Manon Lesko, nziyo dzaAlven naSibelius dzakaitwa. Björling akafa mavhiki mashanu gare gare munaGunyana 1960, XNUMX.

Muimbi akanga asina nguva yekuita zvakawanda zvezvirongwa zvake. Nechekare mukudonha, muimbi anga achironga kutora chikamu mukuvandudzwa kwePuccini's opera Manon Lescaut pachikuva cheMetropolitan. Muguta guru reItaly, akanga achizopedzisa kurekodhwa kwechikamu chaRichard muUn ballo mumaschera. Haana kumborekodha chikamu cheRomeo mune opera yaGounod.