Alexander Vasilyevich Gauk |

Alexander Gauk

People's Artist yeRSFSR (1954). Muna 1917 akapedza kudzidza kubva kuPetrograd Conservatory, kwaakadzidza piyano naEP Daugovet, nziyo naVP Kalafati, J. Vitol, uye kuitisa naNN Cherepnin. Akabva ava mutungamiriri wePetrograd Theater of Musical Drama. Muna 1920-31 aive kondakita paLeningrad Opera neBallet Theatre, kwaainyanya kuitisa mabhareti (Glazunov's The Four Seasons, Stravinsky's Pulcinella, Gliere's The Red Poppy, nezvimwewo). Akaita se symphony conductor. Muna 1930-33 aive mukuru conductor weLeningrad Philharmonic, muna 1936-41 - weState Symphony Orchestra yeUSSR, muna 1933-36 kondakita, muna 1953-62 mukuru conductor uye mutungamiriri wehunyanzvi weBolshoi Symphony Orchestra yeAll. -Mubatanidzwa Radio.

Mabasa echiyeuchidzo akatora nzvimbo inokosha muGauk's repertoire yakasiyana-siyana. Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwake, nhamba yemabasa naDD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturian, Yu. A. Shaporin nevamwe vanyori veSoviet vakatanga kuimbwa. Basa rekudzidzisa raGauk rakaita basa rinokosha mukuvandudzwa kweunyanzvi hweSoviet conductor. Muna 1927-33 uye 1946-48 akadzidzisa paLeningrad Conservatory, muna 1941-43 paTbilisi Conservatory, muna 1939-63 paMoscow Conservatory, uye kubvira 1948 ave ari purofesa. Vadzidzi vaGauk vanosanganisira EA Mravinsky, A. Sh. Melik-Pashaev, KA Simeonov, EP Grikurov, EF Svetlanov, NS Rabinovich, ES Mikeladze, nevamwe.

Munyori wesymphony, symphonietta yetambo orchestra, overture, concertos ane orchestra (yerudimbwa, piyano), zverudo uye mamwe mabasa. Akaridza opera The Marriage naMussorgsky (1917), The Seasons and 2 cycles of Tchaikovsky's romances (1942), nezvimwewo. Akadzorera symphony yekutanga yaRachmaninov achishandisa manzwi eorchestra akasara. Zvitsauko kubva mundangariro dzeGauk zvakaburitswa muunganidzwa "The Mastery of the Performing Artist", M., 1.

"Hope yekufambisa yanga iri mumaoko angu kubvira ndiine makore matatu," Gauck akanyora mumemoirs yake. Uye kubva paudiki, akaramba achiedza kuzadzisa chiroto ichi. KuSt. Petersburg Conservatory, Gauk akadzidza piyano naF. Blumenfeld, akazodzidza nezvekunyora naV. Kalafati, I. Vitol naA. Glazunov, vakakwanisa unyanzvi hwokuridza vachitungamirirwa naN. Cherepnin.

Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory mugore reGreat Gumiguru Revolution, Gauk akatanga basa rake semuperekedzi paMusical Drama Theatre. Uye mazuva mashoma mushure mekukunda kwesimba reSoviet, akatanga kumira papodium kuti aite debut yake mumutambo weopera. Musi waNovember 1 (maererano nemaitiro ekare) Tchaikovsky "Cherevichki" yakaitwa.

Gauk akava mumwe wevaimbi vokutanga vakasarudza kupa tarenda rake kubasa revanhu. Mumakore akaoma ehondo yevagari vemo, akaita pamberi pemasoja eRed Army sechikamu cheunyanzvi brigade, uye pakati pemakore makumi maviri, pamwe chete neLeningrad Philharmonic Orchestra, akaenda kuSvirstroy, Pavlovsk uye Sestroretsk. Nokudaro, pfuma yetsika yenyika yakazarurwa pamberi pavateereri vatsva.

Basa rakakosha mukusikwa kwemugadziri rakaridzwa nemakore paakatungamira Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra (1931-1533). Gauk akadana chikwata ichi kuti "mudzidzisi wake." Asi pano kusimudzirana kwakaitika - Gauk ane kukosha kwakakosha mukuvandudza orchestra, iyo yakazohwina mukurumbira wenyika. Panenge panguva imwe cheteyo, basa remitambo remuimbi rakatanga. Sezvo ari mukuru weBallet conductor weOpera neBallet Theatre (aimbova Mariinsky), pakati pemamwe mabasa, akapa vateereri mienzaniso yevechidiki veSoviet choreography - V. Deshevov's "Red Whirlwind" (1924), "The Golden Age" (1930) uye "Bolt" (1931) D. Shostakovich.

Muna 1933, Gauk akatamira kuMoscow uye kusvika 1936 akashanda semutungamiriri mukuru weAll-Union Radio. Ukama hwake nevanyori veSoviet hunosimbiswazve. "Mumakore iwayo," anonyora kudaro, "nguva inonakidza, yakaoma uye ine zvibereko munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeSoviet yakatanga ... Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky akaita basa rinokosha muhupenyu hwemimhanzi ... enziyo dzenziyo dzaakanyora.”

Uye mune ramangwana, achitungamirira State Symphony Orchestra yeU.SR (1936-1941), Gauk, pamwe chete nemimhanzi yekare, inowanzobatanidza nziyo dzevanyori veSoviet muzvirongwa zvake. Anopiwa basa rekutanga remabasa ake naS. Prokofiev, N. Myaskovsky, A. Khachaturyata, Yu. Shaporin, V. Muradeli nevamwe. Mumimhanzi yekare, Gauk aiwanzotendeukira kumabasa ayo, nokuda kwechikonzero chimwe kana chimwe, akanga asina hanya nevafambisi. Akabudirira kurongedza zvisikwa zvakakura zvekirasi: the oratorio "Samson" naHandel, Bach's Mass muB diki, "Requiem", iyo Funeral uye Triumphal Symphony, "Harold muItari", "Romeo naJulia" naBerlioz ...

Kubva 1953, Gauk anga ari mutungamiriri wehunyanzvi uye mutungamiriri mukuru weGrand Symphony Orchestra yeAll-Union Radio neTerevhizheni. Mukushanda nechikwata ichi, akawana mibairo yakanakisa, sezvinoratidzwa nekurekodhwa kwakawanda kwakaitwa pasi pehutungamiriri hwake. Achitsanangura nzira yekugadzira yewaaishanda naye, A. Melik-Pashayev akanyora kuti: "Maitiro ake ekufambisa anoratidzwa nekuzvidzora kwekunze nekupisa kusingagumi kwemukati, kunyanya kunetseka pakudzidzira pasi pemamiriro e "mutoro" wepfungwa. Oi akaisa mari mukugadzirira chirongwa chido chake chose semuimbi, ruzivo rwake rwese, chipo chake chekudzidzisa, uye pakonzati, sekunge aiyemura mhedzisiro yekushanda kwake, haana kuneta akatsigira moto wekuita manyawi muvaimbi veorchestra. , akatungidzwa naye. Uye chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa muchitarisiko chake cheunyanzvi: kana uchidzokorora, usazvitevedzera, asi edza kuverenga basa "nemeso akasiyana", rinosanganisira maonero matsva mukududzira kwakakura uye kwehunyanzvi, sekunge kuendesa manzwiro nemafungiro mune akasiyana, mamwe madiki ekuita kiyi.

Purofesa Gauk akaunza boka renyeredzi revakuru veSoviet conductor. Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana akadzidzisa ari Leningrad (1927-1933), Tbilisi (1941-1943) uye Moscow (kubvira 1948) conservatories. Pakati pevadzidzi vake ndiA. Melik-Pashaev, E. Mravinsky, M. Tavrizian, E. Mikeladze, E. Svetlanov, N. Rabinovich, O. Dimitriadi, K. Simeonov, E. Grikurov nevamwe.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969