Microchromatic

Chii chinonakidza chave chiripo mumimhanzi kubva kuGreece yekare, asi hachizivikanwi kumunhu wese?

Microchromatic  rudzi rwakakosha rwemumhanzi wenguva. Yakasarudzwa uye yakatsanangurwa nemukurumbira weRussia theoretical muimbi uye nyanzvi yemimhanzi Yuri Kholopov. Pfungwa inokosha ye microchromatics ndiyo microinterval, kureva, nguva, hukuru hwayo huri pasi pe semitone. Nokudaro, pane microintervals quarter-tone, tretetone, six-tone, etc. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti zvinhu zvakagadzikana zvezwi rezwi. Chete ikozvino, nzeve isina kudzidziswa haigone kusiyanisa, saka inovaona semanyepo kana inharmonious shanduko muchimiro cheiyo modhi.

Microinterval: nhanho isinganzwisisike yechiyero

Sezvineiwo, microintervals inogona kuyerwa nemazvo uye inogona kumiririrwa senhamba. Uye kana tikataura pamusoro pehurefu hwechokwadi hwe microchromatics, saka zvinhu zvayo, se diatonic uye chromatic intervals, zvinoumba nyaya yakazara yekubatana.

Zvakadaro, general notation system haisati yagadzirwa yemicrointervals kusvika nhasi. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanyori vega vachiri kuedza kurekodha nziyo dzakagadzirwa vachishandisa microchromatic pamatanda mashanu. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti micro-intervals yakatsanangurwa kwete sematanho akazvimirira, asi se microtonal alterations, iyo inogona kungotsanangurwa seyakawedzera yakapinza kana kuderera flat.

A zvishoma nhoroondo

Zvinozivikanwa kuti microchromatic intervals yakashandiswa mumimhanzi yekare yechiGiriki. Zvisinei, nechekare mumitambo yemimhanzi yaPtolemy naNicomachus pakutanga kwekukura kweHumambo hweRoma, tsanangudzo yavo yakaitwa kwete yekunzwisisa, asi semutero kune tsika, pasina kureva kushandiswa kunoshanda. MuMiddle Ages, hurongwa hwekupindirana hwakanyanya kurerutswa, kunyangwe vamwe vaongorori vakatsanangura rwiyo rwemhanzi maererano netsika yekare yechiGiriki.

Mukuita, micro-chromatics yakatanga kushandiswa zvakare panguva yeRenaissance, kunyanya nevaimbi vakadai saJohn Hotby, Marchetto wePadua naNicola Vicentino. Zvisinei, pesvedzero yavo musayenzi yemimhanzi yeEurope yakanga isingakoshi. Kune zvakare zvimwe zviedzo zvimwechete zvine microintervals. Mumwe wemienzaniso inokatyamadza ibasa raGuillaume Cotelet "Seigneur Dieu ta pitié", rakanyorwa muna 1558 uye richiratidza mukana wakakura kwazvo wemicrochromatics.

Mupiro wakakura mukuvandudzwa kwemicrochromatics wakaitwa nemunyori weItaly Ascanio Maione, uyo, akagadzwa neakasikwa Fabio Colonna, akanyora mitambo yakawanda enharmonic. Aya mabasa, akabudiswa muna 1618 muNaples, aifanirwa kuratidza kugona kweLynche sambuca keyboard chiridzwa, icho Colonna aive achigadzira.

Microchromatics mu20 - kutanga kwezana remakore rechi21

Muzana remakore rechi20, microchromatics yakamutsa kufarira kwevaimbi vakawanda nevanyori. Pakati pavo ndiA. Lurie, A. Ogolevets, A. Khaba, A. Fokker, etc. Asi munyori weRussia Arseniy Avraamov, kwekutanga munhoroondo, akakwanisa kusanganisa microchromatic uye electronic music mukuita. Dzidziso itsva iyi yainzi ultrachromatic.

Asi mumwe wevanonyanya kushanda microchromatist aiva Ivan Vyshnegradsky. Tarenda rake ndereanoverengeka emabasa epiyano duet genre, apo chiridzwa chimwe chairira kota toni yakaderera pane imwe. Munyori wechiCzech A. Haba akashandisawo dzidziso yemicrochromatics. Muna 1931, akasika opera yakakurumbira munyika yose "Amai", iyo yakazara kota-tone.

Mumakore ekuma1950, injiniya weRussia E. Murzin akagadzira ANS optoelectronic synthesizer umo octave imwe neimwe yakakamurwa kuva 72 (!) Equal microintervals. Makore gumi gare gare, mikana yechiridzwa ichi chinoshamisa yakadzidzwa zvakanyanya naA. Volokonsky, A. Schnittke, S. Gubaidulina, E. Denisov, S. Kreichi nevamwe. E. Artemyev akawana kushandiswa kwaari - ndiye akanyora manzwi e "space" mimhanzi yefirimu yakakurumbira yenyika Solaris.

Mimhanzi yemazuva ano yezvidzidzo inoshandisa microchromatics zvakanyanya. Asi vashomanana chete vevanyori vanoshandisa dzidziso ye microintervals mukuita - ava ndivo M. Levinas, T. Murai, R. Mazhulis, Br. Ferneyhoy, etc. Zvinonakidzawo kuti nekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro matsva ekutamba uye kumutsidzirwa kwezvikoro zvezviridzwa zvekare zvemimhanzi, kunyatsoteerera kunogara kuchibhadharwa kune microchromatics.

Results

Iye zvino iwe unoziva nezve microchromatics - chii, apo yakaonekwa uye kuti "yakapona" sei munhoroondo yemimhanzi.