Formant |

formant (kubva ku lat. formans, genus formantis - forming) - inzvimbo ye toni dzakasimudzwa muchikamu chemuses. manzwi, manzwi, pamwe chete neaya matauriro pachawo, ayo anosarudza mavambo emutinhimira; chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekuumbwa kwetimbre. F. simuka Ch. arr. pasi pesimba resonators (mukutaura, kuimba - muromo wemuromo, nezvimwewo, mune zviridzwa zvemimhanzi - muviri, mhepo yemhepo, soundboard, nezvimwewo), saka nzvimbo yavo yekukwirira inotsamira zvishoma pakukwirira kwechigadziko. manzwi ekurira. Izwi rokuti "F". yakatangwa nemuongorori wekutaura, nyanzvi yezvefiziyori L. Herman kuratidza musiyano pakati pemamwe mavhawero kubva kune mamwe. G. Helmholtz vakaita nhevedzano yezviedzo pakugadzirwa kwemavhawero ekutaura vachishandisa pombi dzenhengo nenzira yakaumbwa. Yakave yakasimbiswa kuti vowel "u" ​​inoratidzwa nekuwedzera kwezvikamu zvematoni kubva pa200 kusvika ku400 hertz, "o" - 400-600 hertz, "a" - 800-1200, "e" - 400-600 uye 2200-2600, “uye “- 200-400 uye 3000-3500 hertz. Mukuimba, mukuwedzera kumabasa ekutaura akajairwa, maimbiro ehunhu anooneka. F.; mumwe wavo muimbi wepamusoro. F. (inenge 3000 hertz) inopa izwi rokuti "brilliance", "silverness", inobatsira "kubhururuka" kwemanzwi, kunzwisisika kwakanaka kwemavhawero nemakonzoni; imwe - yakaderera (inenge 500 hertz) inopa ruzha kupfava, kutenderera. F. anowanikwa mune dzinenge dzese muse. zvishandiso. Semuenzaniso, nyere inoratidzirwa neF. kubva ku1400 kusvika ku1700 hertz, yeoboe - 1600-2000, yebassoon - 450-500 hertz; muhuwandu hwemaviolin akanaka - 240-270, 500-550 uye 3200-4200 hertz (yechipiri neyechitatu F. vari pedyo neF. kuimba manzwi). Iyo yakaumbwa nzira yekugadzira timbre uye timbre control inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutaura synthesis, mu electromusic. zviridzwa, muinjiniya inonzwika (magnetic uye kurekodha, redhiyo, terevhizheni, cinema).

References: Rzhevkin SN, Kunzwa uye kutaura muchiedza chekutsvakurudza kwemazuva ano kwepanyama, M. - L., 1928, 1936; Rabinovich AV, Kosi pfupi yemimhanzi acoustics, M., 1930; Solovieva AI, Zvinokosha zvepfungwa yekunzwa, L., 1972; Helmholtz H., Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen als physiologische Grundlage für die Theorie der Musik, Braunschweig, 1863, Hildesheim, 1968 ; Hermann L., Phonophotographische Untersuchungen, “Pflger's Archiv”, Bd 1875, 45, Bd 1889, 47, Bd 1890, 53, Bd 1893, 58, Bd 1894, 59; Stumpf C., Die Sprachlaute, B., 1895; Trendelenburg F., Einführung mu die Akustik, V., 1926, V.-Gött.-Hdlb., 1939.

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