Oleg Moiseevich Kagan (Oleg Kagan) |
Oleg Kagan
Oleg Moiseevich Kagan (November 22, 1946, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - July 15, 1990, Munich) - Soviet violinist, Anoremekedzwa Artist of the RSFSR (1986).
Mushure mekunge mhuri yatamira kuRiga muna 1953, akadzidza violin pachikoro chemimhanzi panzvimbo yekuchengetedza pasi paJoachim Braun. Pazera remakore gumi nematatu, mutambi weviolinist akakurumbira Boris Kuznetsov akatamira Kagan kuMoscow, achienda naye kukirasi yake paCentral Music School, uye kubva muna 13 - panzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Muna 1964 mumwechete, Kagan akakunda nzvimbo yechina paEnescu Competition muBucharest, gore rakatevera akakunda Sibelius International Violin Competition, gore rakatevera akahwina mubairo wechipiri paTchaikovsky Competition, uye pakupedzisira, muna 1964, akahwina mubairo unogutsa. kukunda paBach Competition muLeipzig.
Mushure mekufa kwaKuznetsov, Kagan akatamira kukirasi yaDavid Oistrakh, uyo akamubatsira kurekodha kutenderera kwemakonzati mashanu eMozart violin. Kubvira muna 1969, Kagan akatanga kushanda kwenguva refu kwekugadzira naSvyatoslav Richter. Dunhu ravo rakakurumidza kuva rakakurumbira munyika yose, uye Kagan akava shamwari dzepedyo nevaimbi vakuru venguva iyoyo - cellist Natalia Gutman (akazove mudzimai wake), mutambi wetsiva Yuri Bashmet, piano Vasily Lobanov, Alexei Lyubimov, Eliso Virsaladze. Pamwe chete navo, Kagan akaridza mukamuri ensembles pamutambo muguta reKuhmo (Finland) uye pamutambo wake wezhizha muZvenigorod. Mukupera kwema1980, Kagan akaronga kuronga mutambo muKreut (Bavarian Alps), asi kufa nguva isati yakwana kubva kugomarara kwakamutadzisa kuona zvirongwa izvi. Nhasi, mutambo muKreuth unoitwa mukurangarira violinist.
Kagan akawana mukurumbira semutambi ane hunyanzvi hwemukamuri, kunyangwe akaitawo mabasa makuru emakonzati. Somuenzaniso, iye nomudzimai wake Natalia Gutman vakaridza Brahms Concerto ye violin uye cello pamwe chete neokestra, somuenzaniso, yakave yakakurumbira zvikuru. Alfred Schnittke, Tigran Mansuryan, Anatole Vieru vakatsaurira nziyo dzavo kune duet yaKagan naGutman.
Repertoire yaKagan yaisanganisira mabasa nevanyori vemazuva ano avo vaisawanzoitwa panguva iyoyo muUSSR: Hindemith, Messiaen, vanyori veNew Vienna School. Akava muiti wekutanga wemabasa akazvitsaurira kwaari naAlfred Schnittke, Tigran Mansuryan, Sofia Gubaidulina. Kagan aivewo muturikiri akajeka wemumhanzi waBach naMozart. Marekodhi akawanda emuimbi akaburitswa paCD.
Muna 1997, mutungamiriri Andrei Khrzhanovsky akaita firimu Oleg Kagan. Hupenyu mushure mehupenyu. "
Akavigwa muMoscow paVagankovsky kumakuva.
Nhoroondo yehunyanzvi hwekuita zvemuzana ramakore rapfuura inoziva vaimbi vakawanda vakatanhamara avo mabasa avo akadimburirwa pakakwirira pemasimba avo ehunyanzvi - Ginette Neve, Miron Polyakin, Jacqueline du Pré, Rosa Tamarkina, Yulian Sitkovetsky, Dino Chiani.
Asi nguva inopfuura, uye magwaro anoramba kubva mairi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvatinowana, kurekodhwa kwevaimbi vechidiki vakafa, uye nyaya yenguva yenguva inobatanidza zvakasimba kutamba kwavo mupfungwa dzedu nenguva yakabereka uye. akavabata.
Nechinangwa kutaura, nguva yeKagan yakaenda naye. Akafa mazuva maviri mushure mekonzati yake yekupedzisira sechikamu chemutambo waakanga achangobva kuronga muBavarian Kreuth, pamusoro pezhizha ra1990, muwadhi yekenza yechipatara cheMunich - uye panguva iyi, bundu raikurumidza kufambira mberi. kukanganisa tsika uye nyika yaakaberekerwa , akayambuka muhuduku hwake kubva kumagumo kusvika kumagumo (akaberekerwa muYuzhno-Sakhalinsk, akatanga kudzidza muRiga ...), uye akapona kwenguva pfupi.
Zvinoita sekunge zvese zvakajeka uye zvakasikwa, asi nyaya yaOleg Kagan yakakosha. Aive mumwe weavo maartist airatidzika kunge akamira pamusoro penguva yavo, pamusoro penguva yavo, panguva imwechete ari wavo uye achitarisa, panguva imwe chete, munguva yakapfuura uye mune ramangwana. Kagan akakwanisa kusanganisa muunyanzvi hwake chimwe chinhu, pakutanga kuona, chisingaenderani: kukwana kwechikoro chekare, kubva kumudzidzisi wake David Oistrakh, kuoma uye chinangwa chekududzira, izvo zvaidiwa nemaitiro epanguva yake, uye panguva. nguva imwe chete - chido chekuda kwemweya, chido chekusununguka kubva kumakoronga ezvinyorwa zvemimhanzi (kumuswededza pedyo naRichter).
Uye kukumbira kwake nguva dzose kumimhanzi yevaairarama navo - Gubaidulina, Schnittke, Mansuryan, Vier, zvinyorwa zvekare zvezana remakore rechimakumi maviri - Berg, Webern, Schoenberg, akatengesa maari kwete chete muongorori anobvunzurudza wechinhu chitsva chinonzwika, asi kuziva zvakajeka kuti. pasina kuvandudza nzira dzinoratidza, mimhanzi - uye pamwe chete nazvo, hunyanzvi hwemuiti huchashanduka kuita chitoyi chinodhura kungove kukosha kwemu museum (aizofungei kana akatarisa mapikicha emazuva ano ephilharmonic, ayo akadzikisa chimiro kusvika padanho re nguva yakanyanya matsi yeSoviet! ..)
Iye zvino, mushure memakore akawanda, tinogona kutaura kuti Kagan aiita seakapfuura dambudziko iro Soviet maitiro akasangana nazvo pakupera kwekuvapo kweUSSR - apo kufinhikana kukuru kwekududzira kwakapfuudzwa sekukosha uye kuzvininipisa, pakutsvaga kukunda. kufinhwa uku midziyo yakabvarurwa kuita zvidimbu, ichida kuratidza hudzamu hwepfungwa yepfungwa, uye kunyange kuona mairi chinhu chekupikisa zvematongerwo enyika.
Kagan aisada zvese izvi "zvitsigiro" - aive akazvimiririra, anofunga zvakadzama muimbi, zvaaigona kuita zvaive zvisina muganhu. Akakakavadzana, sokunge zvakadaro, nezviremera zvakatanhamara—Oistrakh, Richter—pamwero wavo vamene, achivapwisa kuti akanga akarurama, somuuyo waikoku kwakatanhamara mabasa ounyanzvi akaberekwa. Hongu, munhu anogona kutaura kuti Oistrakh akaisa maari chirango chemukati chinoshamisa chaimubvumira kufamba muunyanzvi hwake pamwe chete nemutsara unokwira, nzira yakakosha yezvinyorwa zvemimhanzi - uye mune izvi iye, zvechokwadi, ndiye mupfuuriri wake. tsika. Nekudaro, mukududzira kwaKagan kwezvinyorwa zvakafanana - sonatas uye concertos naMozart, Beethoven, semuenzaniso - mumwe anoona kuti kureba kwakanyanyisa kwekubhururuka kwekufunga uye kunzwa, kurodha semantic yeruzha rwega rwega, iyo Oistrakh aisakwanisa kutenga, ari muimbi. yeimwe nguva nevamwe vaanogara achikoshesa.
Zvinonakidza kuti Oistrakh anoerekana awana kukwenenzvera uku mukati make, achiva muperekedzi waKagan pane zvakarekodhwa zvemakonsati aMozart. Nekuchinja kwebasa, iye, sokunge zvakadaro, anoenderera mberi nemutsara wake mumusangano nemudzidzi wake akangwara.
Zvinogoneka kuti yakabva kuna Svyatoslav Richter, uyo akatanga kuona muchengeti wechidiki akachenjera, kuti Kagan akagamuchira kufara uku kwepamusoro kwekukosha kwezwi rimwe nerimwe rinotsanangurwa, rinoparidzirwa kuvanhu. Asi, kusiyana naRichter, Kagan aive akasimba zvakanyanya mukududzira kwake, haana kurega manzwiro ake achimukurira, uye mune zvakarekodhwa zvaBeethoven naMozart's sonatas zvinoita sedzimwe nguva - kunyanya mukufamba zvishoma - kuti Richter anozvipira sei kune yakasimba kuda kwevadiki. muimbi, zvakaenzana uye nechivimbo achiita nzira yake kubva pane imwe yepamusoro yemweya kuenda kune imwe. Hazvina maturo kutaura, simba rakadini raakava naro kune vezera rake vaaishanda naye - Natalia Gutman, Yuri Bashmet - uye pavadzidzi vake, nhamo, kwete yakawanda nekuda kwenguva yaakagoverwa nemagumo!
Zvichida Kagan akafanirwa kuve mumwe wevaimbi vasina kuumbwa nenguva, asi vanozvigadzira ivo pachavo. Nehurombo, iyi ingori fungidziro, iyo isingambofa yakasimbiswa. Chinonyanya kukosha kwatiri ndechese chidimbu chematepi kana vhidhiyo inobata unyanzvi hwemuimbi anoshamisa.
Asi kukosha uku hakusi kwehurongwa hwekufungidzira. Asi - zvichiri kuitika, nepo 70s - 80s. yezana remakore rapfuura haina pakupedzisira kuva nhoroondo - magwaro aya anogona kuonekwa semutungamiri anotungamirira kumutsidziro wepamusoro wekushanda kweRussia, mutauriri akajeka zvikuru aive Oleg Moiseevich Kagan.
Kambani "Melody"
