Charles Auguste de Bériot |

Charles Auguste de Beriot

Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, Chikoro cheBerio Violin chingangove chiri bhuku rainyanya kuzivikanwa kune vanotanga violinists, uye dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa nevamwe vadzidzisi kunyangwe nhasi. Kusvika ikozvino, vadzidzi vezvikoro zvemimhanzi vanotamba fungidziro, misiyano, Berio concertos. Inonzwika uye ine mutsindo uye "violin" yakanyorwa, ndiyo inonyanya kuonga zvinhu zvekudzidzisa. Berio akanga asiri mutambi mukuru, asi akanga ari mudzidzisi mukuru, mberi kwenguva yake mumaonero ake pakudzidzisa mimhanzi. Pasina chikonzero pakati pevadzidzi vake vane violinists vakadai saHenri Vietan, Joseph Walter, Johann Christian Lauterbach, Jesus Monasterio. Vietang akanamata mudzidzisi wake upenyu hwake hwose.

Asi kwete chete mhedzisiro yebasa rake rekudzidzisa inokurukurwa. Berio anonyatso kutorwa semusoro weBelgian violin chikoro chezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, icho chakapa pasi rose vatambi vane mukurumbira vakaita saArtaud, Guis, Vietanne, Leonard, Emile Servais, Eugene Ysaye.

Berio akabva kumhuri yekare inokudzwa. Akazvarwa muLeuven muna Kukadzi 20, 1802 uye akarasikirwa nevabereki vese achiri mudiki. Sezvineiwo, kugona kwake mumhanzi kunoshamisa kwakakwezva pfungwa dzevamwe. Mudzidzisi wemimhanzi Tibi akatora chikamu mukudzidziswa kwekutanga kwaCharles mudiki. Berio akadzidza zvakanyanya uye pazera re9 akaita chimiro chake chekutanga paruzhinji, achiridza imwe yemakonsati aViotti.

Kukura kwemweya kwaBerio kwakapesvedzerwa zvakanyanya nedzidziso dzemupurofesa wemutauro wechiFrench uye zvinyorwa, akadzidza humanist Jacotot, akagadzira nzira yekudzidzisa "yepasi rose" yakavakirwa pamisimboti yekuzvidzidzisa uye kurongeka kwemweya. Afadzwa nenzira yake, Berio akadzidza akazvimirira kusvikira ava nemakore 19. Pakutanga kwa1821, akaenda kuParis kuViotti, uyo panguva iyoyo akashanda somutungamiriri weGrand Opera. Viotti akabata wechidiki mutambi weviolin zvakanaka uye, pakurudziro yake, Berio akatanga kupinda makirasi mukirasi yeBayo, purofesa aive nemukurumbira paParis Conservatory panguva iyoyo. Murume wechidiki haana kupotsa chidzidzo chimwe chete cheBayo, akanyatsodzidza nzira dzekudzidzisa kwake, achizviedza pachake. Mushure meBayo, akadzidza kwenguva yakati neBelgian Andre Robberecht, uye iyi ndiyo yaiva kuguma kwedzidzo yake.

Kuita kwekutanga chaiko kwaBerio muParis kwakamuunzira mukurumbira wakawanda. Mutambo wake wepakutanga, wakapfava, wenziyo waifarirwa zvikuru neveruzhinji, uchienderana nemafungiro matsva erudo akabata zvine simba maParisians mushure memakore anotyisa echimurenga nehondo dzeNapoleonic. Kubudirira muParis kwakatungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti Berio akagamuchira kokero kuEngland. Rwendo urwu rwakabudirira zvikuru. Paakadzokera kunyika yake, mambo weNetherlands akagadza Berio court soloist-violinist nemuhoro unokatyamadza we2000 florins pagore.

Chimurenga cha1830 chakagumisa basa rake redare uye akadzokera kunzvimbo yake yekare somutambi weviolin emakonzati. Nguva pfupi zvisati zvaitika, muna 1829. Berio akauya kuParis kuzoratidza mudzidzi wake wechidiki - Henri Vietana. Pano, mune imwe yeParisian salons, akasangana nemudzimai wake weramangwana, muimbi weOpera anozivikanwa Maria Malibran-Garcia.

Nyaya yavo yerudo inosuwisa. Mwanasikana wedangwe waGarcia ane mukurumbira, Maria akaberekerwa muParis muna 1808. Ane chipo chinoshamisa, akadzidza kunyora uye piano kubva kuna Herold achiri mwana, ainyatsogona mitauro mina, uye akadzidza kuimba kubva kuna baba vake. Muna 1824, akaita dhipatimendi rake muLondon, kwaakaita konzati uye, adzidza chikamu chaRosina muRossini's Barber yeSeville mumazuva maviri, akatsiva Pasta airwara. Muna 2, achipesana nezvido zvababa vake, akaroora mutengesi wechiFrench Malibran. Muchato wacho hauna kufara uye mukadzi wechidiki, achisiya murume wake, akaenda kuParis, uko muna 1826 akasvika panzvimbo yekutanga soloist yeGrand Opera. Mune imwe yeParisian salons, akasangana naBerio. Mudiki, ane nyasha muBelgian akaita fungidziro isingadzivisiki pane weSpanish ane hasha. Nekuwedzera kwehunhu hwake, akareurura rudo rwake kwaari. Asi kudanana kwavo kwakakonzera makuhwa asingaperi, kushorwa kwenyika "yepamusoro". Vabva kuParis, vakaenda kuItaly.

Upenyu hwavo hwakapedzerwa munzendo dzekonzati dzinopfuurira. Muna 1833 vakava nemwanakomana, Charles Wilfred Berio, gare gare muimbi wepiyano ane mukurumbira uye munyori wenziyo. Kwemakore akati wandei, Malibran anga achiramba achitsvaga kurambana nemurume wake. Zvisinei, anokwanisa kuzvisunungura kubva kumuchato chete muna 1836, ndiko kuti, mushure memakore matanhatu anorwadza kwaari munzvimbo yemudzimai. Pakarepo mushure mekurambana, muchato wake naBerio wakaitika muParis, uko chete Lablache naThalberg vaivepo.

Maria akafara. Akasaina nemufaro nezita rake idzva. Nekudaro, mafambiro akange asina tsitsi kune vaviri veBerio pano. Maria, uyo aifarira kutasva bhiza, akadonha pabhiza rake pane kumwe kufamba uye akarohwa zvakasimba mumusoro. Akavanza chiitiko kubva kumurume wake, haana kutora kurapwa, uye chirwere chacho, chichikura nokukurumidza, chakamutungamirira kurufu. Akafa paaiva nemakore 28 chete! Azununguswa norufu rwomudzimai wake, Berio akanga ari mumugariro wokuora mwoyo kwakanyanyisa kutozosvikira muna 1840. Akapotsa arega kupa makonzati ndokudzokera maari amene. Kutaura idi, haana kutongonaya zvizere mukurova.

Muna 1840 akaita rwendo rukuru rweGermany neAustria. MuBerlin, akasangana uye akaridza mimhanzi nemukurumbira wekuRussia aiteur violinist AF Lvov. Paakadzokera kunyika yake, akakokwa kuti atore chigaro chepurofesa paBrussels Conservatory. Berio akabva angobvuma.

Mukutanga kwe50s, nhamo itsva yakawira paari - chirwere cheziso chinopfuurira. Muna 1852, akamanikidzwa kusiya basa. Makore gumi asati afa, Berio akava bofu zvachose. Muna October 10, atova hafu-bofu, akauya kuSt. Petersburg kuna Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov (1859-1827). Yusupov - mutambi weviolinist uye akavhenekerwa mumhanzi anoda, mudzidzi weVieuxtan - akamukoka kuti atore nzvimbo yemutungamiri mukuru weimba yekunamatira. Mubasa raPrince Berio akagara kubva Gumiguru 1891 kusvika Chivabvu 1859.

Mushure meRussia, Berio aigara zvakanyanya muBrussels, kwaakafira musi waApril 10, 1870.

Kuita uye kusika kweBerio kwakanyatso kusanganiswa netsika dzeFrench classical violin chikoro cheViotti - Baio. Asi akapa tsika idzi hunhu hwerudo-hwerudo. Panyaya yetarenda, Berio aive mutorwa zvakaenzana kune dutu rerudo rwePaganini uye "zvakadzama" zverudo zveSpohr. Manzwi aBerio anoratidzirwa nekunyorova uye kunzwisiswa, uye zvidimbu zvinomhanya - kukwenenzvera uye nenyasha. Mamiriro emabasa ake anosiyaniswa nekujeka kwayo kujeka, lacy, filigree figuration. Kazhinji, mimhanzi yake ine kubata kwe salonism uye haina kudzika.

Tinowana kuongorora kwehumhondi kwemimhanzi yake muV. Odoevsky: "Ndeipi kusiyana kwaVaBerio, Mr. Kallivoda uye tutti quanti? “Makore mashomanene apfuura muFrance, muchina wakagadzirwa, unonzi componuum, iwo umene wakaumba misiyano padingindira ripi neripi. Vanyori vemazuva ano vanotevedzera muchina uyu. Kutanga unonzwa sumo, rudzi rwekudzokorora; ipapo motif, ipapo katatu, ipapo manotsi akabatanidzwa kaviri, ipapo staccato isingadzivisiki ine pizzicato isingadzivisiki, ipapo adagio, uye pakupedzisira, nokuda kwekunakidza kunofungidzirwa kwevanhu - kutamba uye nguva dzose zvakafanana kwose kwose!

Mumwe anogona kujoina muchimiro chekufananidzira chechimiro cheBerio, icho Vsevolod Cheshikhin akambopa kuSeventh Concerto yake: "The Seventh Concerto. kwete kusiyaniswa nekudzika kwakakosha, kakunzwira tsitsi, asi kunoyevedza uye kunoshanda zvakanyanya. Mhuri yaBerio… yakada kufanana naCecilia Carlo Dolce, pendi inodiwa kwazvo yeDresden Gallery nevakadzi, iyi museum ine ruvara runonakidza rwemazuva ano anonzwira tsitsi, ane runako, anotya brunette ane zvigunwe zvitete uye maziso akaderedzwa.

Semunyori wenziyo, Berio aive akakura kwazvo. Akanyora gumi remakonisheni eviolin, gumi nemaviri arias ane musiyano, 10 mabhuku ezvidzidzo zveviolin, zvidimbu zvakawanda zvesalon, makumi mana nemapfumbamwe ematarenda emakonsati epiyano uye violin, mazhinji acho akaumbwa pamwe nekubatana nevaimbi vane mukurumbira - Hertz, Thalberg, Osborne, Benedict. , Mhumhi. Yakanga iri rudzi rwekonzati genre yakavakirwa virtuoso-mhando misiyano.

Berio ane zvinyorwa pazvidzidzo zveRussia, semuenzaniso, Fantasia yerwiyo rwaA. Dargomyzhsky "Darling Maiden" Op. 115, yakatsaurirwa kuRussia violinist I. Semenov. Kune zviri pamusoro apa, tinofanira kuwedzera Chikoro cheViolin muzvikamu zvitatu neine appendix "Transcendental School" (Ecole transendante du violon), inoumbwa ne3 etudes. Chikoro chaBerio chinoburitsa zvakakosha zvedzidzo yake. Zvinoratidza kukosha kwaakaita pakukura kwekuimba kwemudzidzi. Senzira inoshanda yekusimudzira, munyori akakurudzira kugadzirisa - kuimba nziyo nenzeve. “Zvinetso izvo fundo ye<em>violin inopa pakuvamba,” akanyora kudaro, “zvakaderedzwa murutivi kumudzidzi anenge apedza kosi ye<em>solfeggio. Pasina chero dambudziko pakuverenga mimhanzi, anogona kutarisa zvakanyanya pachiridzwa chake uye kudzora mafambiro eminwe yake uye kukotama pasina kushanda nesimba.

Maererano neBerio, kugadzirisa, kuwedzera, kunobatsira basa nokuti munhu anotanga kunzwa izvo ziso rinoona, uye ziso rinotanga kuona izvo nzeve inonzwa. Kupfurikidza nokubudisazve mutinhimira nenzwi rake nokuunyora pasi, mudzidzi anorodza ndangariro yake, anomuita kuti achengete mimvuri yose yomutinhimira, matauriro awo uye ruvara. Ehe, Chikoro cheBerio chakapera. Mabukira enzira yekudzidzisa yekunzwa, inova nzira inofambira mberi yezvidzidzo zvenziyo zvemazuva ano, yakakosha mairi.

Berio aive nekazwi kadiki, asi kakazara nerunako rusingatsananguriki. Aiva munyori wenziyo, mudetembi weviolin. Heine akanyora mutsamba yakabva kuParis muna 1841, kuti: “Dzimwe nguva handigoni kubvisa pfungwa yokuti mweya womudzimai wake mushakabvu uri muviolin yaBerio uye anoimba. Ernst chete, mudetembi weBohemian, anogona kuburitsa manzwi akanyorova, anotapira akadaro kubva muchiridzwa chake.

L. Raaben