Forshlag |

German Vorschlag, ital. appoggiatura, French port de voix appoggiatur

Rudzi rwe melismas (melodic decoration); kushongedza ruzha rwekubatsira kana boka remanzwi pamberi peiyo huru, yakashongedzwa ruzha. Iyo inoratidzirwa nediki zvinyorwa uye haina kuverengerwa kana rhythmic. kuunganidza manotsi muchiyero. Kusiyanisa pfupi uye kureba F. Pfupi inowanzonyorwa muchimiro chechisere nekudzikama kwakayambuka. Mumimhanzi yeViennese classics, pfupi F. dzimwe nguva yaiitwa kwenguva yakasimba yezwi rakashongedzwa, asi muchidimbu. Gare gare, pfupi F. yakaitwa bh pamutengo wemugove wekare, kureva, nguva isati yasimba yezwi rakashongedzwa. A refu F. chaizvoizvo kuvharirwa. Inonyorwa muchidimbu chiduku nekudzikama kusina kuyambuka uye inoitwa pamutengo wenguva yehukuru. inzwi, richitora hafu yenguva yaro kwenguva yezvikamu zviviri, uye chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu, dzimwe nguva zviviri kubva muzvitatu, kwenguva yezvikamu zvitatu. Yakareba F. pamberi pechinyorwa, icho chinodzokororwazve, mukirasi. uye mimhanzi yepakutanga yerudo yakatora nguva yayo yese. F., inosanganisira akati wandei. manzwi, anorekodhwa mudiki 16 kana 32 manotsi.

Iyo prototype yeF. chiratidzo cheMiddle Ages. nziyo dzemumhanzi, zvichireva mutinhimira unokosha. kushongedza uye zita "plika" (plica, kubva ku lat. plico - ndinowedzera). Uku kushongedzwa kwakabva kune zviratidzo zvakashandiswa mune zvisiri zvekumanikidza notation

, iyo yakaumba hwaro hwe "plica ascendens"

("plica achikwira") uye "plica inodzika"

("kudzika plique"). Aya masaini aireva kukwira nekudzika kutevedzana kwemanzwi marefu uye mapfupi (kazhinji mureshiyo yechipiri). Gare gare, kuburikidza neMaumbirwo echiratidzo cheplique akatanga kuratidza nguva yemanzwi ayo. F. mupfungwa yemazuva ano yakaonekwa pauriri hwekutanga. 1th century Haana kuratidzwa nguva dzose muzvinyorwa; kazhinji, sezvimwe zvishongedzo, muiti akazvisuma maererano neyake. kungwara. F. zvaireva Ch. arr. kuita melodic. shandisa ruzha rusina kusimbiswa pamberi pekudzikisa. F. kubva pasi aive akajairika kupfuura F. kubva kumusoro; ese ari maviri genera aya akasiyana zvakanyanya. F. pazasi (French port de voix and accont plaintif in lute music, English beat, half-beat and fore-fall) zvairatidzwa necomma yakabatikana, inverted, slash, nezvimwe zviratidzo. Pakutanga, yakaitwa pamutengo wekurira kwekare.

F. uye ruzha rwakaitevera rwakanga rwakabatana nekurohwa kweportamento kana legato; patambo. zviridzwa, vaiverengera kufamba kumwe kweuta, mukuimba - kune syllable imwe. Zvadaro, mumhanzi welute uye mumhanzi wezviridzwa zvekeyboard, F. yakatanga kuridzwa kwenguva yakasimba ichitevera chinyorwa. F. kubva kumusoro (French coulé, chute, cheute, coulement, port de voix generationant, English back-fall) yaionekwa seruzha runopfuura apo mutinhimira unofamba muvhoriyamu yechitatu; yakaitwa chete pamberi pekurira kwaakatanga, uye nguva dzose pasina portamento.

Muzana ramakore rechi 18 chinzvimbo chikuru chaive chakagarwa naF., chakaitwa nemutengo wenguva yekunzwika kwakaunzwa naye uye kumiririra rudzi rwekuvharirwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, F. kubva kumusoro yakave yakawanda; kushandiswa kweF. kubva pasi kwakaganhurirwa nemitemo yakasimba ("kugadzirira" nezwi rakapfuura, kuwirirana nemamwe manzwi ekushongedza anovimbisa "kururamisa" kugadziriswa kwe dissonance, nezvimwewo). Kureba kweF. pachayo kwakasiyana uye bh yakanga isingaenderane nenguva yetsamba, iyo yakasarudzwa. MuSer chete. Mitemo yezana remakore rechi18 yakagadzirwa maererano nemhando dzeF uye urefu hwadzo. Vese F. vakakamurwa kuita accented uye vanopfuura. Yekutanga, zvakare, yakakamurwa kuva pfupi uye refu. Maererano naII Kvanz, yakareba F. yakatora 2/3 yenguva yayo munguva yezvikamu zvitatu. Kana ruzha rwakanakiswa rwakateverwa nekumbomira kana kuti noti yenguva pfupi yakabatana nayo, F. yakatora nguva yayo yese.

Pfupi F., panguva yekushanda kweiyo rhythm yakaratidzwa mune zvinyorwa haina kuchinja, yakaratidzwa nediki 16 kana 32 manotsi ( и yaimbova nzira yakajairika yekunyora и ). F. yaigara ichitorwa sepfupi kana inzwi rakashongedzwa rakagadzira dissonance nebass, pamwe chete nenhamba dzine kudzokorora kwezwi uye nemufananidzo; yakaitwa se kana . Kupfuura F. yakashandiswa mu2 genera - yakasanganiswa nezwi rinotevera (rinopindirana nekupfuura F. yezana remakore rechi17) uye yakasanganiswa nezwi rakapfuura, rinonzi. zvakare "nachschlag" (chiGerman: Nachschlag). Paive nemhando mbiri dze nakhshlag - ryukschlag (German: Rückschlag - returning blow; ona muenzaniso weti, a) uye uberschlag (German: überschlag), kana uberwurf (German: überwurf - throwing blow; ona chinyorwa chinyorwa, b):

Inowanikwa mu2nd floor. Zana remakore rechi18 kwaivawo nekaviri F. (Anschlag yeGermany); yaisanganisira manzwi maviri akatenderedza toni yakashongedzwa. Double F. yakaratidzwa nediki zvinyorwa uye yakaitwa kwenguva yakasimba. Paive ne2 mafomu eiyo ph. - ipfupi imwe yemanotsi maviri enguva yakaenzana uye yakareba ine rhythm ine dot:

A special form of F. ndiyo yainzi. chitima (chiGerman Schleifer, French coulé, tierce coulée, coulement, port de voix kaviri, Chirungu siraidhi, pamwe nekukwirira, kudonha kwemashure kaviri, zvichingodaro) - P. kubva pakutevedzana kwenhanho kwe2 kana kupfuura. Pakutanga, pakuridza pazviridzwa zvekibhodhi, ruzha rukuru F. rwakachengetwa:

Muzana ramakore rechi 19 refu F. rakavamba kunyorwa mumanotsi uye saizvozvi zvakanyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma.

KV Gluck. "Iphigenia muAulis", chiito II, chiitiko 2, No 21. Recitative yeClytemnestra.

Mupfupi F. panguva iyi akange arasa chirevo chemutinhimira. element uye yakatanga kushandiswa kusimbisa izwi rinotevera, pamwe nehunhu. zvinangwa (ona, semuenzaniso, Liszt's concert etude ye pianoforte "Round Dance of the Dwarves"). Anenge kusvika pakati pezana remakore, akaitwa Ch. arr. nokuda kwezwi rinotevera. Paunenge uchiita recitative pa18 uye kutanga. Muzana remakore rechi19 yaiva tsika kusuma nguva refu F. pamanzwi anodzokororwa enzwi rimwe chete, kunyange zvazvo asina kuratidzwa nomunyori (ona chikamu 915, muenzaniso wepasi).

Ona Ornamentation, Modus, Mensural notation.

VA Vakhromeev