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kubva muchiGiriki prasis - kutaura, nzira yekutaura

1) Chero diki diki inokwana mimhanzi inochinja.

2) Muchidzidzo chechimiro chemimhanzi, chivakwa chinotora nzvimbo yepakati pakati pechinangwa nemutsara.

Kumiririra chikamu chakasiyana chemimhanzi. kutaura, F. inopatsanurwa kubva kune zvakavakidzana zvivakwa necaesura, inoratidzwa nenzira yemutinhimira, kuwirirana, metrorhythm, magadzirirwo, asi inosiyana nemitsara nenhambo nekuzara kushoma: kana mutsara uchipera nekunyatsodudzwa kuwirirana. cadenza, ipapo F. "inogona kupera pane chero chord nechero bass" (IV Sposobin). Inosanganisira mbiri kana kupfuura vavariro, asi inogona zvakare kuve inoenderera kuvaka, isina kukamurwa kana kungokamurwa zvine mamiriro ezvinhu. Mutsara, zvakare, unogona kunge usiri we2 F., asi weakawanda kana mashoma awo, kana kusakamurwa kuita F.

L. Beethoven. Sonata yepiyano, op. 7, chikamu II.

Maumbirwo ezvirevo zvezvirevo.

G. Rossini "The Barber of Seville", chiito II, quintet.

Maumbirwo ezvirevo zvezvirevo.

L. Beethoven. Sonata yepiyano, op. 10, No 1, chikamu III.

Kubva pamaonero epfungwa yepfungwa, F., zvichienderana nechiyero uye mamiriro ezvinhu, inogona kuverengerwa kune ese ekutanga (phonic) neyechipiri (syntactic) chiyero chekuona (E. Nazaikinsky, 1972).

Izwi rokuti "F". yakatorwa kubva mudzidziso yekutaura nemuromo muzana ramakore rechi 18, apo mibvunzo yokudimburwa kweminyuziyamu. mafomu akagamuchira dzidziso yakakura. kururamisa senge zvine chekuita nekuvandudzwa kweiyo homophonic harmonic. manyorerwo, uye nemabasa ekuita kudzidzira - chinodiwa chezvirevo zvine musoro. Iyi nyaya yakawana yekukurumidzira munguva yeBaroque, nekuti. mukutonga kusvika muzana remakore rechi17. wok. mimhanzi ya caesura zvinoreva. Chiyero chacho chaisarudzwa nemarongerwo echinyorwa, magumo emutsara weshoko (mutsara), iwowo, waibatanidzwa nehurefu hwekuimba. kufema. In instr. mimhanzi, iyo yakakurumidza kukura mumazana emakore 17-18, mutambi munyaya dzemashoko aigona kuvimba chete pachake. arts. flair.

L. Beethoven. Sonata yepiyano, op. 31. Kwete 2, chikamu III.

Maumbirwo ezvirevo zvezvirevo.

MI Glinka. "Ivan Susanin", rwiyo rwaVanya.

Ichi chokwadi chakacherechedzwa naF. Couperin, uyo munhanganyaya yebhuku rechitatu renotiti “Pièces de Clavecin” (3) akatanga kushandisa izwi rekuti “F.” kusarudza chikamu chidiki chemumhanzi. kutaura, achisimbisa kuti anogona kuganhurwa nekupfuura kumbomira, uye kusuma mavara akakosha (') kuganhura zvirevo. Kukura kwedzidziso yekuvandudza kwemibvunzo yekudimburwa kwemamuses. Hurukuro dzakagamuchirwa mumabasa aI. Mattezona. "Duramazwi remimhanzi" Ж. G. Rousseau (R., 1768) anotsanangura F. se "kufambira mberi kusingapindiki kweharmonic kana melodic iyo ine chirevo chakawedzera kana kushoma uye inopera nekumira pacadenza yakanyanya kana kushoma". Uye. Mattzon, I. A. AP Schultz naJ. Kirnberger akataura pfungwa yematanho akati wandei ekubatana kwezvivakwa kubva kudiki kusvika kune hombe. G. TO. Koch akaisa pamberi akati wandei ezvinzvimbo pane chimiro chemuses chave chemhando yepamusoro. kutaura. Mumabasa ake, kuganhurwa kwakaringana kwezviyero zvezvikamu zvemumuses kunoonekwa. kutaura uye kuziva kwekupatsanurwa kwemukati kwe4-bar mutsara mune diki-bhaa kuvaka, iyo yaanodaidza kuti "unvollkommenen Einschnitten", uye makuru maviri-mabhaa maumbirwo, akaumbwa kubva kune imwe-bar, kana asingagadzike, anotsanangurwa se " vollkommenen Einschnitten”. Ku19 in. kunzwisisa F. sechimiro chemabhara maviri, chepakati pakati pe-one-bar motif uye 4-bar mutsara, inova chimiro chetsika. dzidziso yemimhanzi (L. Busler, E. Prout, A. C. Arensky). Nhanho itsva mukudzidza kwechimiro chemimhanzi. kutaura kunobatanidzwa nezita X. Riemann, uyo akaisa mibvunzo yekubviswa kwayo padhuze nehurongwa hwemuses. rhythms uye metrics. Mumabasa ake F. kekutanga kubatwa semetric. unity (boka rezvinyorwa zviviri zve-one-bar zvine bhiti imwechete inorema). Pasinei nekufambira mberi kwenhoroondo, dzidziso yekudimburwa yakawanikwa mumabasa eRiemann akati wandei. mudzidzi hunhu husina kusununguka kubva kune rimwe divi uye dzidziso. Kubva kuRus. masayendisiti pamusoro pemaitiro emimhanzi. kutaura kwakateererwa kuna S. Uye. Taneev, G. L. Cathar, I. AT. Sopoyn, L. A. Mazel, Yu. N. Tyulin, W. A. Zuckerman. Mumabasa avo, sepamupendero wemazuva ano. musicology, kwave nekubva kune yakamanikana, yakanyatso metric nzwisiso yeF. uye maonero akajeka eiyi pfungwa, yakavakirwa pakudimburwa kwehupenyu chaihwo. Kunyange Taneev naKatuar vakaratidza kuti F. inogona kumiririra chivakwa chemukati chisingaoneki uye chine chimiro chisina-square (somuenzaniso, katatu-kutenderera). Sezvinoratidzwa mumabasa aTyulin, F. inogona kutevera imwe pashure peimwe, pasina kubatana muurongwa hwepamusoro, hunova hunhu hwewok. mimhanzi, pamwe nezvikamu zvekusimudzira mu instr. mimhanzi. T. o., mukupesana nenhambo nemitsara inofananidzira ratidziro, F. chinja kuva "ubiquitous" yakawanda, ichipinda mumasese ese. prod. Mazel naZuckerman vakataura vachifarira kunzwisisa F. se thematic-syntax. unity; saTyulin, vakasimbisa kusadzivirika kwekesi kana kureba kwemazita emuses akapihwa. chikamu, unogona kushandisa zvese izwi rekuti "vavariro" uye izwi rekuti "F". Mhosva dzakadai dzinomuka kana zvivakwa zvinoramba zvichiitika zvine hurefu hwechiyero chinodarika chimwechete chiri danho rekutanga rekutaura mukati memutsara. Misiyano iri mumaonero ayo chiitiko ichi chinoonekwa: izwi rekuti "chinangwa" rinotaura pane mimhanzi.

L. Beethoven. Sonata yepiyano, op. 106, chikamu I.

References: Arensky A., Nhungamiro yekudzidza kwemafomu emimhanzi yezviridzwa uye yezwi, M., 1893, 1921; Catuar G., Mumhanzi fomu, chikamu 1, M., 1934; Sposobin I., Mumhanzi fomu, M. – L., 1947, M., 1972; Mazel L., Maumbirwo emabasa emimhanzi, M., 1960, 1979; Tyulin Yu., Chimiro chekutaura kwemimhanzi, L., 1962; Mazel L., Zukkerman V., Kuongororwa kwemabasa emimhanzi, M., 1967; Nazaikinsky K., Pamusoro pePsychology yemimhanzi maonero, M., 1972.

IV Lavrentieva