Viola: tsananguro chiridzwa, kuumbwa, nhoroondo, ruzha, mhando, kushandiswa

Mutangiri weviolin uye cello, mumiriri anozivikanwa zvikuru wetsika yemimhanzi yeRenaissance neBaroque, chiridzwa chine tambo chakakotama chiridzwa, icho chinoshandurwa kubva kuItaly se "violet ruva" ndiyo viola. Kuonekwa mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, ichiri chikamu chikuru mumakonsati ekamuri yebaroque nhasi.

Chimiro che viola

Kufanana nevose vamiririri veboka reviolin, chiridzwa chine muviri une maumbirwo akatsetseka, inonzi "chiuno", uye obtuse angles. Pegi bhokisi rinopfekedza mutsipa wakafara rine chimiro chehozhwa. Hoko dzakachinjika. Maburi eresonator ari muchimiro chetsamba "C" ari pamativi ese etambo. Chigadziko chinogona kuva chakati sandara kana kuti chakamira. Viola ane 5-7 tambo.

Vanoridza chordophone vakagara, vakazorora rimwe divi pagumbo kana kuisa chiridzwa chakatwasuka nekusimbisa pasi. Huyero hwemuviri hunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi. Iyo huru tenor viola. Mune ensemble, anotamba basa rebass. Violetta - viola ine saizi diki.

sounding

Pasinei nokuti nechokunze chiridzwa chacho chakafanana nemhuri yeviolin, inzwi rayo rakasiyana zvikuru. Kusiyana neviolin, ine yakapfava, matte, velvety timbre, yakatsetseka inoshanduka patani, uye inonzwika isina kuwandisa. Ndicho chikonzero nei viola yakawira murudo nevanoziva mimhanzi yesalon, vanokudzwa vaifadza nzeve dzavo nemimhanzi yakaisvonaka.

Panguva imwecheteyo, violin yakagara ichionekwa se "mukwikwidzi wemumugwagwa", mhere-mhere, ichishanduka kuva inzwi rinoputika, haigoni kukwikwidzana nechiyero, velvety tones ye viola. Mumwe mutsauko wakakosha kugona kusiyanisa, kuita yakanakisa ruzha nuances, kushandisa akasiyana matekiniki.

History

Mhuri yemaviol inotanga kuumbwa muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Panguva iyoyo, zviridzwa zvine tambo zvakakotamiswa, zvakakweretwa kunyika dzechiArab, zvakanga zvichishandiswa zvikuru muEurope, zvapinda muSpain navakundi. Naizvozvo mbira yakaradzikwa papfudzi, yakatsamira pachirebvu, uye mbira yakaradzikwa pamabvi. Viola akagadzikwa pasi pakati pemabvi. Iyi nzira yaive nekuda kwehukuru hukuru hwechordophone. Mutambo wacho wainzi da gamba.

MuEurope yezana remakore reXV-XVII, nguva yeviola mumitambo yemimhanzi inoitika. Inorira mu ensembles, mumaokestra. Anosarudzwa nevamiriri venyika yearistocratic. Mimhanzi inodzidziswa kuvana mumhuri dzevakuru. Iye ane mukurumbira classic William Shakespeare anowanzo taura nezvake mumabasa ake, mugadziri ane mukurumbira wechiRungu Thomas Gainsborough anowana kurudziro maari uye anowanzo zorora kuti anakirwe nemimhanzi yakanakisa.

Viola anotungamira muzvibodzwa zveoperatic. Bach, Puccini, Charpentier, Massenet vanomunyorera. Asi violin inokwikwidza nechivimbo nehanzvadzi yakura. Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, yakaibvisa zvachose kubva padanho rekonzati, ichisiya nzvimbo yevanoda mimhanzi yekutanga yemimhanzi yekamuri. Muimbi wokupedzisira akazvipira kuchiridzwa ichi aiva Carl Friedrich Abel.

Chikoro chinoita chinozomutsiridzwa chete pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Muvambi achave August Wenzinger. Viola achadzokera kunhandare yehunyanzvi uye otora nzvimbo yake mumakirasi ezvekuchengetedza muEurope, America, Russia, nekuda kwaChristian Debereiner naPaul Grummer.

Mhando dzeViola

Munhoroondo yemimhanzi tsika, iyo yakanyanya kupararira tenor mumiriri wemhuri. Aiwanzobatanidzwa mu ensembles uye mu orchestra, achiita basa rebass. Kwaivawo nemamwe marudzi:

• high;
• bass;
• treble.

Zviridzwa zvinosiyana muhukuru, nhamba yetambo, uye tuning.

kushandisa

Inonyanya kushandiswa mukushanda kwekamuri. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rapfuura, viola yakagamuchira kuvandudzwa kutsva. Chiridzwa chekare chakarira zvakare kubva pachikuva, kudzidza kuchiridza chakave chakakurumbira munzvimbo dzekuchengetedza. Ruzha pamakonti emakamuri muhoro madiki, vanoda Renaissance uye Baroque mabasa vanouya kuzoteerera mimhanzi. Iwe unogona zvakare kunzwa chordophone mumachechi, uko viola inoperekedza nziyo panguva yeshumiro.

Mamuseum mazhinji kutenderera pasirese anounganidza zviratidziro zvese umo zvimiro zvekare zvinoratidzwa. Kune horo yakadaro muSheremetiev Palace muSt. Petersburg, muGlinka Museum muMoscow. Muunganidzwa wakanyanya kukosha uri muNew York.

Pakati pevakararama panguva yake, mutambi wepamusoro ndiye muItaly virtuoso Paolo Pandolfo. Muna 1980 akarekodha sonatas yaPhilipp Emmanuel Bach, uye muna 2000 akaunza nyika kune cello sonatas yaJohann Sebastian Bach. Pandolfo inonyora mimhanzi ye viola, inopa makonti muhoro dzine mukurumbira pasi rose, ichiunganidza horo dzakazara dzevanoziva mimhanzi yebaroque. Kunyanya kufarirwa pakati pevateereri ndiko kuumbwa kwe "Violatango", iyo muimbi anowanzo kuita senge encore.

MuSoviet Union, Vadim Borisovsky akateerera zvikuru kumutsidzirwa kwemimhanzi yechokwadi. Kunyanya kuvonga kwaari, iyo viola yekare yakanzwika muhoro yemakonti eMoscow conservatories.