Nhoroondo ye ephonium

Euphonium - chiridzwa chemumhanzi chemhepo chakagadzirwa nemhangura, ndechemhuri yetubas uye saxhorns. Iro zita rechiridzwa nderechiGreek mavambo uye rinoshandura se "kuzara-kunzwika" kana "inofadza-kurira". Mumimhanzi yemhepo, inofananidzwa ne cello. Kazhinji kazhinji inogona kunzwika sezwi rekuita mumitambo yemauto kana mabhendi endarira. Zvakare, ruzha rwayo rune simba nderwekuravira kwevazhinji vanoita jazz. Chiridzwa ichi chinonziwo "euphonium" kana "tenor tuba".

Serpentine tateguru ari kure euphonium

Nhoroondo yechiridzwa chemimhanzi inotanga nemadzitateguru ayo ari kure, nyoka, iyo yakava nheyo yekusikwa kwemazhinji emazuva ano mabhesi emhepo zviridzwa. Imba yenyoka inoonekwa seFrance, uko Edme Guillaume akaigadzira muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Nyoka inofanana nenyoka pakuonekwa kwayo, iyo yakawana zita rayo (yakashandurwa kubva kuFrench, nyoka inyoka). Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakashandiswa pakugadzirwa kwayo: mhangura, sirivha, zinc uye kunyange maturusi emapuranga akawanikwa. Muromo wacho waive wakagadzirwa nemapfupa, kazhinji shasha dzaishandisa nyanga dzenzou. Muviri wenyoka maiva nemaburi matanhatu. Mushure mechinguva, zviridzwa zvine mavharuvhu akawanda zvakatanga kuoneka. Pakutanga, chiridzwa ichi chinofuridza chaishandiswa mumimhanzi yechechi. Basa rake rakanga riri rokukudza manzwi echirume mukuimba. Mushure mekuvandudzwa uye kuwedzerwa kwemavharuvhu, yakatanga kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumaokestra, kusanganisira echiuto. Iro tonal renji yenyoka maoctave matatu, ayo anotendera iwe kuti uite ese ari maviri echirongwa mabasa uye marudzi ese ekuvandudza pairi. Ruzha rwunobudiswa nechiridzwa chacho rwakasimba zvikuru uye rwakakasharara. Zvakanga zvisingaite kuti munhu akanga asina nzeve yemimhanzi adzidze kuiridza zvakachena. Uye vatsoropodzi venziyo vakaenzanisa kuridza kusingadzoreki kwechiridzwa ichi chinonetsa nokudzvova kwemhuka ine nzara. Zvisinei, pasinei nezvinetso zvakamuka mukuziva chiridzwa, kwemamwe mazana matatu emakore, nyoka yakaramba ichishandiswa mumimhanzi yechechi. Iyo yepamusoro yekuzivikanwa yakauya pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi6, apo inenge yese yeEurope yakaitamba.

Zana ramakore rechi XNUMX: Kugadzirwa kwe ophicleides uye ephonium

Muna 1821, boka renyanga dzendarira dzine mavharuvhu rakagadzirwa muFrance. Iyo bass nyanga, pamwe nechiridzwa chakasikwa pahwaro hwayo, chainzi ophicleid. Ichi chiridzwa chemumhanzi chakanga chakapfava kupfuura nyoka, asi chaitoda nzeve yokuimba yakaisvonaka kuti chiridzwe zvinobudirira. Nekunze, iyo ophicleid yakanyanya kufanana nebassoon. Yainyanya kushandiswa muzvikwata zvemauto.

Pakazosvika 30s yezana ramakore re1,5th, pombi yakakosha michina yakagadzirwa - vharafu yakaita kuti zvikwanise kudzikisa tuning yechiridzwa chemhepo nehafu yetoni, toni yakazara, 2,5 kana XNUMX toni. Zvechokwadi, chigadzirwa chitsva chakatanga kushandiswa zvakasimba mukugadzira zvishandiso zvitsva.

Muna 1842, fekitari yakavhurwa muFrance, ichigadzira zviridzwa zvemhepo zvezvikwata zvemauto. Adolph Sachs, uyo akazarura fekitari iyi, akagadzira midziyo yakawanda umo vharuvhu yepombi itsva yakashandiswa.

Kwapera gore, tenzi weGermany Sommer akagadzira uye akabudisa chimbo chemhangura chine ruzha uye rwakasimba, iyo yainzi "ephonium". Yakatanga kuburitswa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana, tenor, bass uye contrabass mapoka akaonekwa.

Rimwe remabasa ekutanga ephonium rakagadzirwa naA. Ponchielli muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Zvakare, ruzha rwechiridzwa chakashandiswa mumabasa avo nevanyori vakadai saR. Wagner, G. Holst naM. Ravel.

Kushandisa ephonium mumabasa emimhanzi

Iyo ephonium yainyanya kushandiswa mubhandi rendarira (kunyanya, yehondo), pamwe chete mu symphony, apo chiridzwa chinogoverwa kuita zvikamu zvetuba yakabatana. Mienzaniso inosanganisira mutambo "Mombe" naM. Mussorgsky, pamwe ne "Upenyu hweGamba" naR. Strauss. Nekudaro, vamwe vanyori vanocherekedza iyo yakakosha timbre yeephonium uye kugadzira mabasa nechikamu chakagadzirirwa icho. Imwe yeiyi nziyo ndeye ballet "The Golden Age" naD. Shostakovich.

Kubudiswa kwefirimu "The Musician" kwakaunza euphonium mukurumbira mukuru, apo chiridzwa ichi chakataurwa murwiyo rukuru. Gare gare, vagadziri vakawedzera imwe vharuvhu, izvi zvakawedzera mikana yemuchina, yakagadziridzwa manzwi uye inofambisa ndima. Kudzikiswa kweiyo general order yeB flat kusvika F kwakaonekwa nekuda kwekuwedzera kwegedhi rechina.

Vaimbi vega vanofara kushandisa izwi rine simba rechiridzwa kunyangwe munziyo dzejazz, ephonium imwe yezviridzwa zvemhepo zvinotsvakwa kwazvo zvinoburitsa ruzha rwakanyanya, runoreva, runodziya uye ine timbre yakanaka uye ine simba. Nayo, unogona kuendesa zviri nyore chirevo chakajeka, chinobvumira kuti ive yega uye chiridzwa chinoperekedza. Uyewo, vamwe vaimbi vemazuva ano vanomugadzirira zvikamu zvisina kuperekedzwa.