Valentin Vasilievich Silvestrov (Valentin Silvestrov) |

Valentin Silvestrov

Mumhanzi chete ndiwo unoita kuti mimhanzi isingaperi…

Zvichida zvingaita sokuti munguva yedu mashoko aya angave akajairika kumunyori wenziyo. Asi zvakataurwa nemuimbi ane zita rave richinzi avant-gardist (mupfungwa yokuzvidza), mupanduki, muparadzi. V. Silvestrov ave achibatira Mimhanzi kwaanodokusvika makore 30 uye, zvichida, achitevera mudetembi mukuru, aigona kuti: “Mwari haana kundipa chipo choupofu!” (M. Tsvetaeva). Nokuti nzira yake yose - muupenyu uye mukugadzira - iri mukufamba kwakadzikama kusvika pakunzwisisa chokwadi. Kunze kwekuzvinyima, kuita seakavharika, kunyange kushamwaridzana, Sylvestrov anoedza kunzwika uye kunzwisiswa mune chimwe nechimwe chezvisikwa zvake. Kunzwa - mukutsvaga mhinduro kumibvunzo yekusingaperi yekuve, mukuedza kupinza zvakavanzika zveCosmos (senzvimbo yekugara kwevanhu) uye murume (semutakuri weCosmos mukati make).

Nzira yeV. Silvestrov mumimhanzi iri kure nekureruka, uye dzimwe nguva inoshamisa. Akatanga kudzidza mimhanzi pazera remakore 15. Muna 1956 akava mudzidzi paKyiv Civil Engineering Institute, uye muna 1958 akapinda muKyiv Conservatory mukirasi yeB. Lyatoshinsky.

Nechekare mumakore aya, kuwirirana kusingachinji kwemarudzi ese ezvitaera, kugadzira matekiniki, kuumbwa kwake, uko kwakazove kunonyatsozivikanwa kunyora nemaoko, kwakatanga. Nechekare muzvinyorwa zvekutanga, anenge ese maficha emunyori weSilvestrov anotsanangurwa, zvichienderana nekuti basa rake richaramba richikura sei.

Kutanga imhando ye neoclassicism, uko chinhu chikuru chisiri mafomula uye stylization, asi tsitsi, kunzwisisa kwehutsvene, chiedza, pamweya, iyo mimhanzi yepamusoro baroque, classicism uye yekutanga romanticism inotakura pachayo ("Sonatina", "Classical". Sonata" yepiyano, gare gare "Mumhanzi muchimiro chekare ", nezvimwewo). Kutarisisa kukuru munziyo dzake dzekutanga kwakabhadharwa kune nzira nyowani dzehunyanzvi (dodecaphony, alearic, pointllism, sonoristics), kushandiswa kwemaitiro asina kujairika ekuita pazviridzwa zvechinyakare, uye zvemazuva ano graphic kurekodha. Nzvimbo dzinosanganisira Triad yepiyano (1962), Mystery for alto flute and percussion (1964), Monody for piano and orchestra (1965), Symphony No. 1966 (Eschatophony – 1971), Drama reviolin, cello nepiyano nezviri kuitika, majestures. (60). Mune rimwe reaya uye mamwe mabasa akanyorwa muma70s uye ekutanga 2s inyanzvi yekupedzisira pachayo. Ingori nzira yekugadzira ecstatic, yakajeka inoratidzira mifananidzo. Hazvisi zvemasanga kuti mumabasa akanyanya-avant-garde kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi, rwiyo rwechokwadi rwakanyanya runoratidzwa (mune zvinyoro, "zvisina simba", mumashoko emunyori pachake, mimhanzi kuburikidza nezvikamu makumi masere Yokutanga Symphony), uye pfungwa dzakadzama dzehuzivi dzinoberekwa izvo zvinozotungamira kuratidzwa kwepamusoro-soro kweMweya muSimphoniyechina neFifth. Apa ndipo panomuka imwe yeakanyanya stylistic maficha ebasa raSilvestrov - kufungisisa.

Kutanga kwemaitiro matsva - "nyore, melodic" - inogona kunzi "Kufungisisa" ye cello uye chamber orchestra (1972). Kubva pano kunotanga kufunga nezve nguva, nezvehunhu, nezve Cosmos. Ivo varipo mune dzinenge dzese nziyo dzinotevera dzaSilvestrov (yechina (1976) uye yechishanu (1982) masimphoni, "Nziyo Dzakanyarara" (1977), Cantata yekwaya cappella pachiteshi T. Shevchenko (1976), "Forest Music" pachiteshi. G. Aigi (1978), "Nziyo Dzakareruka" (1981), Nziyo ina pachiteshi cheO. Mandelstam). Kuteerera kwenguva refu kufamba kwenguva, kutarisa kune zviduku zvishoma, izvo, zvinoramba zvichikura, sekunge zvichiwira pane imwe, zvinogadzira macroform, zvinotora mimhanzi kupfuura inzwi, ichishandura kuva imwe spatio-temporal yose. Endless cadence ndiyo imwe yenzira dzekugadzira "kumirira" mimhanzi, kana kushushikana kukuru kwemukati kwakavanzwa mune yekunze monotonous, undulating static. Mupfungwa iyi, Fifth Symphony inogona kufananidzwa nemabasa aAndrei Tarkovsky, apo mapfuti ekunze ekunze anogadzira masimba makuru emukati, anomutsa mweya wemunhu. Kufanana nematepi aTarkovsky, mimhanzi yaSylvestrov inotaurirwa kune vepamusoro vevanhu, kana neelitism munhu anonyatsonzwisisa zvakanakisisa mumunhu - kukwanisa kunzwa zvakadzama uye kupindura kurwadziwa uye kutambura kwemunhu uye vanhu.

Mhando yemhando yebasa raSilvestrov yakakura kwazvo. Anogara achikwezvwa neshoko, nhetembo yepamusoro-soro, iyo inoda nzwisiso yakanakisisa yemwoyo nokuda kwevaraidzo yaro yemimhanzi yakakwana: A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, F. Tyutchev, T. Shevchenko, E. Baratynsky, P. Shelley, J. Keats, O. Mandelstam. Yakanga iri mumhando dzezwi apo chipo chaSylvestrov muimbi akazviratidza nesimba guru.

Basa risingatarisirwi zvikuru rinotora nzvimbo inokosha mubasa remunyori, umo, zvisinei, credo yake yekugadzira inoita seinotariswa. Iyi ndiyo "Kitch Music" yepiyano (1977). Muchidudziro, munyori anotsanangura zvinoreva zita sechinhu “chisina simba, chakaraswa, chisina kubudirira” (kureva kuti, pedyo nedudziro yeduramazwi yepfungwa). Asi pakarepo anoramba iyi tsananguro, achiipa kunyange dudziro isingafadzi: _Ridza nenzwi rakapfava zvikuru, riri pedyo zvikuru, sokunge uchibata zvinyoronyoro ndangariro yomuteereri, zvokuti mumhanzi unonzwika mukati mokuziva, sokunge ndangariro yomuteereri pachayo inoimba uyu mumhanzi_. Uye nyika dzeSchumann naChopin, Brahms naMahler, vagari vasingafi veNguva, izvo Valentin Silvestrov anonzwa zvakanyanya, zvinodzokera kundangariro.

Nguva yakachenjera. Nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, rinodzorera kumunhu wose zvakafanira. Paive nezvinhu zvakawanda muhupenyu hwaSilvestrov: kusanzwisisa zvachose kwenhamba dze "pedyo-tsika", uye kusaremekedza zvachose dzimba dzekudhinda, uye kunyange kudzingwa kubva kuUnion of Composers yeUSSR. Asi pakanga pane chimwe chinhu - kucherechedzwa kwevatambi nevateereri munyika yedu uye kunze kwenyika. Silvestrov - mubairo wemubairo. S. Koussevitzky (USA, 1967) uye International Competition yeVaduku Vanyori "Gaudeamus" (Netherlands, 1970). Kusagadzikana, kutendeseka-kwakajeka, kutendeseka uye kuchena, kuwedzerwa netarenda yepamusoro uye tsika huru yemukati - zvose izvi zvinopa chikonzero chekutarisira zvisikwa zvakakosha uye zvakachenjera mune ramangwana.

S. Filstein