Didgeridoo: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, ruzha, mavambo, kushandiswa

Kondinendi yeAustralia, izere nehuwandu hukuru hwezvakavanzika, yagara ichikwezva nhamba huru yevafambi, vafambi veese mitsetse, vaongorori uye masayendisiti. Zvishoma nezvishoma, iyo isinganzwisisike yeAustralia yakaparadzana nezvakavanzika zvayo, ichisiya chete yepedyo kupfuura kunzwisisa kwemunhu wemazuva ano. Zvishoma-zvishoma-zvinotsanangurwa zviitiko zvinosanganisira zvizvarwa zvekondinendi yakasvibira. Nhaka yetsika yevanhu ava vanoshamisa, inoratidzwa mumitambo inokosha, tsika, zvinhu zveimba, yakanyatsochengetedzwa nechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe. Naizvozvo, hazvishamisi kuti manzwi ainzwika kubva kune didgeridoo, chiridzwa chekare chevagari veko, chakafanana chaizvo ne2000 makore apfuura.

Chii chinonzi didgeridoo

Didgeridoo chiridzwa chemimhanzi, rudzi rwebhosvo rekare. Mudziyo wekuburitsa ruzha unogonawo kunzi embouchure, sezvo uine chimwe chakafanana nemuromo.

Zita rokuti "didgeridoo" rakapiwa kune chiridzwa, chichipararira muEurope neNyika Itsva. Pamusoro pezvo, zita iri rinogona kunzwika kubva kune vamiriri vemitauro miviri yevagari vemo. Pakati pevagari vemo, chiridzwa ichi chinonzi zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, vanhu veYolngu vanodana iyi hwamanda "idaki", uye pakati perudzi rweNailnail, chiridzwa chemumhanzi chehuni chinonzi "ngaribi".

Tool mudziyo

Nzira yechinyakare yekugadzira hwamanda yedidgeridoo ine hunhu hwemwaka. Chokwadi ndechekuti majuru kana, sokudanwa kwavanodanwawo nawo, majuru machena majuru anotora chikamu chinoshanda mukuita uku. Munguva yekusanaya kwemvura, zvipembenene zvinotsvaka unyoro zvinodya muto wehunde yeeucalyptus. Zvose zvinosara kune vagari vemo kuti vaite ndezvokucheka muti wakafa, kuusunungura kubva pamakwati, kuzunungusa guruva kubva pairi, kusungira nyuchi kana muromo wevhu uye kuishongedza nezvishongo zvekare - totems yedzinza.

Kureba kwechishandiso kunosiyana kubva pa1 kusvika ku3 m. Zvinoshamisa kuti zvizvarwa zveko zvichiri kushandisa bhemba, demo rematombo nechimuti chakareba semidziyo yekushandisa.

Didgeridoo inonzwika sei uye kuti inoridzwa sei

Inzwi rinobudiswa nedidgeridoo rinobva pa70-75 kusvika ku100 Hz. Kutaura idi, inhon’idzo inopfuurira inochinja kuva manzwi akasiyana-siyana ane mutinhimira wakaoma kunzwisisa ari mumaoko echizvarwa kana kuti muimbi ane unyanzvi.

Kumuimbi asina ruzivo rwokuzviwanira kana kuti anotanga, kubvisa ruzha kubva kune didgeridoo ibasa rinenge risingabviri. Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kuenzanisa muromo wepombi, iyo inogona kuva inopfuura 4 cm muhupamhi, uye miromo yemuiti nenzira iyo iyo yekupedzisira inoramba ichidedera. Mukuwedzera, zvinodikanwa kuti ugone hunyanzvi hwekuramba uchifema, nekuti kumira kwekufemerwa kunosanganisira kupera kwekurira. Kuti akwanise kusiyanisa inzwi, mutambi haafaniri kushandisa kwete miromo chete, asiwo rurimi, matama, laryngeal tsandanyama uye diaphragm.

Pakutanga kuona, ruzha rwe didgeridoo harutauri uye runonyadzisa. Hazvina kudaro zvachose. Mudziyo wemimhanzi wemhepo unogona kupesvedzera munhu munzira dzakasiyana-siyana: kunyura mumifungo yakasuruvara, kutyisa, kupinza muchimiro chendangariro, kune rumwe rutivi, uye kuparira kunzwa kwokureruka, mufaro usingaganhurirwi namafaro, kune rumwe rutivi.

Nhoroondo yekwakabva chiridzwa

Zvinozivikanwa kuti chiridzwa chakafanana nedhidhiridoo chaivepo paGreen Continent kare muEurope wekutanga asati auya ikoko. Izvi zvinonyatsoratidzwa nemifananidzo yematombo yakawanikwa panguva yekuchera matongo. Wekutanga kutsanangura pombi yetsika aive ethnographer anonzi Wilson. Muzvinyorwa zvake, zvegore ra1835, anotsanangura kuti akakatyamadzwa chaizvoizvo nokurira kwechiridzwa chechienzi chakagadzirwa kubva pahunde yomuti.

Zvakanyanya kutsanangurwa irondedzero yedidgeridoo sechikamu chetsvakiridzo yedissertation yakaitwa nemumishinari wechiRungu Adolphus Peter Elkin muna 1922. Haana kungotsanangura zvakadzama mudziyo wechiridzwa, nzira yekugadzirwa kwayo, asi akaedzawo kuburitsa. manzwiro ekukanganisa kune vese vagari veAustralia pachavo uye kune chero munhu akawira munzvimbo yekurira kwayo.

Panenge panguva imwecheteyo, yekutanga kurira kwekurekodha kwedidgeridoo yakaitwa. Izvi zvakaitwa naSir Baldwin Spencer negiramufomu nemasirinda ewakisi.

Mhando dzakasiyana dze didgeridoo

Iyo yemhando yepamusoro yeAustralia pombi inogadzirwa nematanda eucalyptus, uye inogona kunge iri muchimiro chesilinda kana chiteshi chinotambanuka chakananga pasi. Iyo cylindrical didgeridoo inoburitsa ruzha rwakadzika uye rwakadzika, nepo yechipiri vhezheni yebhosvo inonzwika isinganzwisisike uye inobaya. Mukuwedzera, zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi emhepo zvakatanga kuonekwa nemabvi anofamba, izvo zvinokubvumira kuti uchinje inzwi. Inonzi didgeribon kana kuti slide didgeridoo.

Vatenzi vemazuva ano vanonyanya kugadzira zviridzwa zvemhepo zvemarudzi, vachizvibvumira kuedza, vanosarudza marudzi akasiyana-siyana ematanda - beech, ash, oak, hornbeam, etc. Iyi didgeridoos inodhura zvikuru, sezvo maitiro avo acoustic akakwirira zvikuru. Kazhinji kazhinji anoshandiswa nevaimbi vane hunyanzvi. Vanotanga kana vanhu vanongofarira vanokwanisa kuzvivakira chishandiso chekunze kubva kune yakajairika pombi yepurasitiki kubva muchitoro chehardware.

Kushandiswa kwe didgeridoo

Iyo yepamusoro yekuzivikanwa kwechiridzwa mukondinendi yeEurope uye muU.SA yakauya muma70-80s, pakaitika kuwedzera kwetsika yekirabhu. DJs vakatanga kushingaira kushandisa pombi yeAustralia muzvinyorwa zvavo kuti vape seti yavo yemimhanzi kunaka kwemarudzi. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vaimbi vane unyanzvi vakatanga kuratidza kufarira muchina wemimhanzi wevaAborigine vokuAustralia.

Nhasi, vaimbi vakanakisisa venziyo dzechinyakare havazezi kubatanidza didgeridoo muchikwata chevaimbi pamwe chete nezvimwe zviridzwa zvinofuridza. Mukubatana neruzha rwechinyakare rwezviridzwa zveEurope, kurira chaiko kwehwamanda kunopa mabasa akajairika emimhanzi kuverenga kutsva, kusingatarisirwe.

Ethnographers havana kukwanisa kupa tsananguro inovimbika yekuti maAborigines akabva kupi kuAustralia, nei chitarisiko uye mararamiro akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kuvanhu vakafanana kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi. Asi chimwe chinhu ndechechokwadi: nhaka yetsika yevanhu vekare, avo vakapa nyika didgeridoo, chikamu chinokosha chekusiyana kwehupenyu hwevanhu.