Clarinet: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, ruzha, mhando, nhoroondo, kushandiswa

Muvakidzani kubva kurwiyo rwakakurumbira naEdita Piekha, achiridza clarinet nehwamanda, angangove ari real-instrumentalist. Zviridzwa zviviri, kunyange zvazvo zviri zveboka remhepo, zvakasiyana chose chose. Yokutanga itsanga yemapuranga ine mavharuvhu, yechipiri imuromo wemhangura ine mavharuvhu. Asi vadzidzi vechikoro chemimhanzi vazhinji vanodzidzira kutamba ndarira vanotanga ne "hama" yechidiki.

Chii chinonzi clarinet

Mumiriri anoyevedza wemhuri yendarira anotora nzvimbo yakakosha mune symphony orchestra. Ruzha rwakakura uye rwakapfava, runyoro runobvumira vaimbi kuti vashandise kugadzira mimhanzi yakasiyana-siyana. Kunyanya kune clarinet, Mozart, Gershwin, Handel akanyora mimhanzi. Munyori wenziyo Sergei Prokofiev akamupa basa rakasununguka rekati mu symphonic fairy tale Peter neWolf. Uye N. Rimsky-Korsakov akashandisa Lel mu opera The Snow Maiden mumitambo yevafudzi.

Iyo clarinet isimbi yehuni ine tsanga imwe chete. Ndezveboka remhepo. Chinhu chikuru chinosiyanisa kubva kune dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri inzira dzayo dzakawanda dzekutaura, izvo zvinobvumira kuti ishandiswe yega, sechikamu chesymphony orchestras, kuita mimhanzi yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana: jazz, folk, ethno, classics.

Clarinet mudziyo

Inoratidzika sechubhu yakagadzirwa nematanda. Kureba kwemuviri kunosvika masendimita makumi manomwe. Inoputika, ine zvikamu zvitanhatu:

• mouthpiece;
• kane;
• ibvi repamusoro;
• ibvi rezasi;
• barrel;
• hwamanda.

Ruzha runogadzirwa nekufuridza mweya kuburikidza nekiyi-yakakombama muromo. Mudonzvo wetsanga unopinzwamo. Makwiriro eruzha anotariswa nehukuru hwekoramu yemhepo mukati memudziyo. Iyo inodzorwa neyakaoma nzira yakashongedzerwa nevhavha system.

Iyo clarinet chishandiso chinopfuudza. Mienzaniso yakajairika iri mu "Si" uye "La" tunings. Ivo vanonziwo "sopranos". Mamwe marudzi aripo uye anonakidzwa nekodzero yekuridza mu orchestra, pakati payo inonzwika uye yakaderera-inonzwika. Pamwe chete vanoumba mhuri yose.

Iyo clarinet yakakwira-inonzwika

Kutanga clarinetists vanotanga kudzidziswa kwavo navo. Yekutanga mumaoko evaimbi vechidiki chiridzwa chiri mu "Do" system. Inonzwika chaizvo zvinoenderana nezvinyorwa, saka zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kugona izvo zvekutanga. Sopranino uye piccolo haawanzovimbwa kune ari ega mumaokestra. Murejisita repamusoro vanonzwika vachishoropodza, vachipinza nekudzvova kunodanwa. Mamiriro e "mu C" tuning anenge asina kumbobvira ashandiswa nenyanzvi.

Iyo clarinet inoridza yakaderera

Ivo vanosiyana neavo vakanyorwa pamusoro kwete chete muchimiro, asiwo muchimiro uye saizi. Pakugadzira kwavo, zvikamu zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa. Kusiyana nealtos, bhero ravo uye chubhu zvinogadzirwa nesimbi. Iine chimiro chakakomberedzwa, senge saxophone, inokotama kuti iite nyore kutamba. Mune orchestra, bass, contrabass, uye basset horn ndiyo yakaderera-inorira mhando.

Ko clarinet inonzwika sei?

Yakapfava timbre ruzha handiyo yega mukana wechiridzwa. Chinhu chayo chikuru ndiko kuwanikwa kweshanduko inoshanduka mumutsara unochinja. Inosiyana kubva painzwi rakasimba, rinoratidzira kusvika kune risinganzwisisike, rinenge rava kupera.

Rudzi rwacho rwakakura, runoda kusvika mana octaves. Muchikamu chepasi, kubereka kwakasuruvara. Kushandura inzwi richikwira kunoratidza chiedza, toni dzinodziya. Rejista yepamusoro inoita kuti zvikwanisike kuburitsa zvakare manzwi anopinza, ane ruzha.

Nzvimbo yekutaura yakakura zvekuti munyori mukuru VA Mozart akafananidza chiridzwa neizwi remunhu nechivimbo. Dhirama, rondedzero yakayerwa, inotamba, inonzwisa tsitsi - zvese zviri pasi pemumiriri uyu wemhuri yemhepo.

Nhoroondo ye clarinet

Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, vaimbi vakaridza chalumeau. Ichi ndicho chiridzwa chenyika chevanhu veFrance. Zvinotendwa kuti muBavarian kubva IK anogona kuuya ne clarinet. Denner. Akafunga kuti ruzha rwechalumeau haruna kukwana, uye akashanda kuti avandudze magadzirirwo ayo. Somugumisiro, chubhu yehuni ine valve kumusana. Kupfurikidza nokuitsikirira nechigunwe choruoko rworudyi, muiti wacho akashandurira ruzha muoctave yechipiri.

Mamiriro acho aive akafanana neaya eclarine, aizivikanwa panguva iyoyo. Hwamanda iyi yakanga ine ruzha rwakajeka. Kwakabva zita rine midzi yekumaodzanyemba kweEurope. Chiridzwa chitsva chainzi clarinetto - pombi duku yakashandurwa kubva kuItaly. Chalumeau naClarinet vese vaive nemukurumbira muFrance. Asi mikana yakafara yeiyi yekupedzisira yakava chinhu chinodiwa pakubviswa kwevakatangira.

Mwanakomana IK Denner Jacob akaenderera mberi nebasa rababa vake. Akagadzira maviri-valve clarinet. Vamwe vatenzi vane mukurumbira vehafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX vakabudirira kuvandudza mamodheru aJacob nekuwedzera yechitatu, yechina uye yechishanu vharafu. Iyo Zh-K modhi yave yemhando yepamusoro. Lefevre ine mavharuvhu matanhatu.

Kuvandudzwa kwekugadzira uku hakuna kupera ipapo. Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, zvikoro zviviri zvekutamba iyo clarinette zvakabuda. Hafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe yakaratidzwa nekukura kwechiridzwa chinonzi Germany clarinet. Yakange ine annular mavharuvhu, ayo mutambi wekwaya yedare reMunich Theobald Böhm akasarudza kushandisa. Iyi modhi yakagadziridzwa neBerlin clarinetist Oskar Ehler. IGermany system clarinet yakashandiswa muEurope kwenguva yakareba, kusvikira imwe hurongwa hwaonekwa - hurongwa hweFrance. Musiyano uripo pakati pechimwe nechimwe uri padanho rekutaura kweruzha, tekinoroji yekugadzira miromo, uye humwe humbowo. Iyo French clarinet yainyanya kukodzera kuridza virtuoso, asi yaive nekutaura kushoma uye simba rekunzwika. Musiyano waive muhurongwa hwevhavha.

Vagadziri vemazuva ano vanoramba vachivandudza zvikamu zve clarinet vachishandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, vachiwedzera kushanda nematsime akawanda, tsvimbo, screws. MuRussia, Germany, Austria, tsika yechinyakare yakavakirwa pamaitiro echiGerman inowanzoshandiswa.

Mhando dzakasiyana dze clarinets

Kurongeka kwechiridzwa chakakura kwazvo. Inotsanangurwa ne toni uye timbre. Iyo diki clarinet (piccolo) inenge isati yamboshandiswa. Iyo ensemble inowanzo shandisa "basset" ine chaiyo "plaintive" timbre. Mamwe marudzi anoshandiswa mu orchestras:

• bass - isingawanzo shandiswa solo, inowanzo shandiswa kuwedzera bass manzwi;
• contralto - inosanganiswa mumabhandi endarira;
• kaviri bass - inokutendera kuti utore zvinyorwa zvakaderera, zvakakura pane ese marudzi.

Mumauto endarira mabhendi eUnited States, alto zviridzwa zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Vane ruzha rune simba, ruzere-ruzha, runoratidza.

Clarinet nzira

Sezvo mhando itsva dzakaonekwa, chiridzwa chakavandudzwa, nzira yekuva nayo yakachinjawo. Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwekufamba kwemumiriri uyu wemhuri yemhepo, mutambi anogona kuridza zvikero zvechromatic, mimhanzi inoratidzira, kubereka overtones, ndima.

Kuwanda kwemiganhu kubva ku "Mi" yediki octave kusvika ku "Do" yechina inobvumira chiridzwa kutora chikamu mumabasa akawanda. Muimbi anoridza achifuridzira mweya mugomba pamuromo netsanga. Kureba kwekoramu, tonality, timbre inodzorwa nemavharuvhu.

Yakanakisa clarinetists

Munhoroondo yemimhanzi, virtuosos inocherechedzwa kuti ndiani akanyatso hunyanzvi hwekuridza clarinetto. Zvikurukuru:

• GJ Berman muimbi weGermany uyo akagadziridza akawanda emabasa ekutanga aWeber uye akaashandura kuti aenderane nekurira kwechiridzwa;
• A. Stadler – anonzi muiti wekutanga wemabasa aMozart;
• V. Sokolov - mumakore eSoviet, mutambi uyu akagamuchirwa nehoro dzakazara dzevateveri ve classical sound mumaguta akasiyana enyika uye kune dzimwe nyika.

B. Goodman akawana kukwirira kukuru mujazz. Anonzi "King of Swing". Chokwadi chinonakidza chakabatana nezita rejazzman - pane imwe yeEuropean auctions, chiridzwa chake chakatengeswa ne25 zviuru zvemadhora. Chikoro cheRussia chichiita chinobva pane zvakaitika uye basa raS. Rozanov. Mabhuku emazuva ano anoumbwa nemifananidzo yake. Sezvo ari purofesa paMoscow Conservatory, akatora chikamu mukusikwa kwezvirongwa zvedzidzo, maererano nevaimbi vanodzidziswa nhasi.