Maria Veniaminovna Yudina |

Maria Yudina

Maria Yudina mumwe weakanyanya mavara uye epakutanga manhamba mumhepo yedu yepiyano. Kune mavambo ekufunga, kusajairika kwekududzirwa kwakawanda, iyo isiri-yeyero repertoire yake yakawedzerwa. Kunenge kuita kwake kwese kwakava chiitiko chinonakidza, kazhinji chakasiyana.

• Piano mimhanzi muchitoro chendaneti OZON.ru

Uye nguva dzose, kana kwaiva mambakwedza ebasa remuimbi (20s) kana kuti gare gare, unyanzvi hwake hwakakonzera kukakavara kunotyisa pakati pevaridzi vepiyano pachavo, uye pakati pevatsoropodzi, uye pakati pevateereri. Asi kare muna 1933, G. Kogan akataura zvinogutsa kukuvimbika kweunhu hwaYudina hwekudhirowa achiti: “Mutayera uye pamwero wetarenda rake, mutambi wepiyano uyu haakodzeri mugadziriro yenguva dzose yokuridza konzati yedu zvokuti inonyudza vaimbi vakaunzwa. kumusoro mutsika dzerudo epigonation. Ndosaka zvirevo zvehunyanzvi hweMV Yudina zvakasiyana uye zvinopokana, huwandu hwayo hunobva pakupomerwa kwe "kusakwana kutaura" kusvika pakupomerwa "kunyanya kudanana". Zvose zviri kupomerwa hazvina kunaka. Panyaya yesimba uye kukosha kwekutaura kwepiyano, MV Yudina anoziva vashoma vakaenzana padanho rekonzati yemazuva ano. Zvakaoma kutumidza mutambi ane hunyanzvi hwaizomanikidza mweya wemuteereri chitambi chakashata, chakasimba, chakadzingwa sechikamu chechipiri cheMozart's A-dur concerto yakaitwa naMV Yudina ... "Kunzwa" kwaMV Yudina hakubvi mukuchema. uye kugomera: kuburikidza nekukakavadzana kukuru kwemweya, inokwevera kunze mumutsara wakasimba, wakanangidzirwa pazvikamu zvakakura, pasi kuita fomu yakakwana. Kune vamwe, hunyanzvi uhu hunogona kuita se "husinganzwisisike": kujeka kusingachinjiki kwemutambo weMV Yudina kunopfuura zvakanyanya kune akawanda anotarisirwa "kutonhorera" kuderedza uye kutenderera. Aya maficha ekuita kweMV Yudina anoita kuti zvikwanisike kuunza kuita kwake padhuze nemamwe maitiro emazuva ano muhunyanzvi hwekuita. Hunhu pano ndiyo "polyplan" yekufunga, "yakanyanyisa" tempos (inononoka - inononoka, inokurumidza - nekukurumidza kupfuura nguva dzose), kushinga uye kutsva "kuverenga" kwechinyorwa, kure kure nekusawirirana kwerudo, asi dzimwe nguva zvakanyanya kupesana ne epigone. tsika. Aya maficha anonzwika akasiyana kana akashandiswa kune vakasiyana vanyori: pamwe inogutsa muBach neHindemith pane muSchumann naChopin. Chimiro chine hungwaru chakachengeta simba rayo kwemakumi emakore akatevera ...

Yudina akauya kumutambo wekonzati apedza kudzidza kubva kuPetrograd Conservatory muna 1921 mukirasi yaLV Nikolaev. Mukuwedzera, akadzidza naAN Esipova, VN Drozdov uye FM Blumenfeld. Muhupenyu hwese hwaYudina, aizivikanwa nehunyanzvi "kufamba" uye kukurumidza kutungamira mumabhuku matsva epiyano. Pano, maitiro ake kune unyanzvi hwemimhanzi sehupenyu, hunoramba huchivandudza maitiro akakanganiswa. Kusiyana neruzhinji rwevatambi vekoniti vanozivikanwa, kufarira kwaYudin mune zvitsva zvepiyano hakuna kumusiya kunyangwe mumakore ake ekuderera. Akava mutambi wekutanga muSoviet Union yemabasa naK. Shimanovsky, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, P. Hindemith, E. Ksheneck, A. Webern, B. Martin, F. Marten, V. Lutoslavsky, K. Serotsky; Repertoire yake yaisanganisira Second Sonata yaD. Shostakovich uye B. Bartok's Sonata yePiano mbiri uye Percussion. Yudina akatsaurira Yechipiri Piano Sonata yake kuna Yu. Shaporin. Kufarira kwake zvese zvitsva kwaive kusingagutsikane. Haana kumirira kuzivikanwa kuti auye kune uyu kana kuti munyori. Akafamba akananga kwavari. Vazhinji, vazhinji vanyori veSoviet vakawana muYudina kwete kungonzwisisa chete, asi mhinduro ine hupenyu hwekuita. Muzvinyorwa zvake zve repertoire (kuwedzera kune avo vataurwa) tinowana mazita aV. Bogdanov-Berezovsky, M. Gnesin, E. Denisov, I. Dzerzhinsky, O. Evlakhov, N. Karetnikov, L. Knipper, Yu. Kochurov, A. Mosolov, N. Myaskovsky, L. Polovinkin, G. Popov, P. Ryazanov, G. Sviridov, V. Shcherbachev, Mikh. Yudin. Sezvaunogona kuona, vose vavambi vemitambo yedu yemimhanzi uye masters echizvarwa chemashure ehondo vanomiririrwa. Uye iyi rondedzero yevanyori ichawedzera zvakanyanya kana tikafunga nezve chamber-ensemble kugadzira mimhanzi, iyo Yudina aipinda mairi pasina kushomeka.

Tsanangudzo yakajairika - "propagandist yemimhanzi yemazuva ano" - kurudyi, inonzwika zvine mwero zvakanyanya maererano neanoridza piyano uyu. Ndinoda kumudaidza kuti hunyanzvi hwekuita propaganda yehunhu hwepamusoro uye hwekunakisa.

“Ndagara ndichiyeverwa noukuru hwenyika yake yomudzimu, umudzimu hwake husingagumi,” anonyora kudaro mudetembi L. Ozerov. Apa ari kuenda ku piyano. Uye zvinoratidzika kwandiri, uye kumunhu wose: kwete kubva kune unyanzvi, asi kubva kuboka revanhu, kubva kwaari, ichi chaunga, pfungwa nemafungiro. Anoenda ku piyano kuti ataure, kutaura, kutaura chimwe chinhu chakakosha, chakakosha zvikuru.

Kwete yevaraidzo inofadza, vadi vemimhanzi vakaenda kukonzati yaYudina. Pamwe chete nemuimbi, vaifanira kutevedzera zviri mukati memabasa echinyakare neziso risingarerekeri, kunyangwe pazvaive zvemasampuli anozivikanwa. Saka zvakare uye zvakare iwe unowana zvisingazivikanwe munhetembo dzePushkin, zvinyorwa zveDostoevsky kana Tolstoy. Hunhu mupfungwa iyi kucherechedza kwaYa. I. Zak: “Ndakaona unyanzvi hwake sematauriro evanhu – ane hukasha, ane hasha, asina hasha. Oratory uye dramatization, dzimwe nguva ... kwete kunyange hunhu hwechinyorwa chebasa, zvaive zvakarongeka mubasa raYudina. Kuomarara, kuravira kwechokwadi kwakabvisa zvachose kunyange mumvuri wekufunga. Pane kudaro, akatungamirira mukudzika kwekunzwisisa kwehuzivi hwebasa, izvo zvakapa simba guru rakadaro kumabasa ake eBach, Mozart, Beethoven, Shostakovich. Madimikira ainyatsojeka mukutaura kwake kwemumhanzi ane ushingi akanga ari echisikigo chose, asingapindiri. Akangosarudza uye kusimbisa chinangwa chepfungwa uye unyanzvi hwebasa racho. Yakanga iri chaiyo "italic" yakadai yaida kushandiswa kwemasimba enjere kubva kumuteereri paakaona dudziro dzaYudin dzekuti, Bach's Goldberg Variations, Beethoven's concertos uye sonatas, Schubert's impromptu, Brahms's Variations on a Theme neHandel of Russian Herations... mimhanzi yakaratidzwa neyakadzama yepakutanga, uye pamusoro pezvose "Mifananidzo paChiratidziro" naMussorgsky.

Nehunyanzvi hwaYudina, kunyangwe pachiyero chidiki, marekodhi aakaridza zvino anoita kuti zvikwanise kujairana. "Marekodhi, pamwe, ane zvimwe zvedzidzo kupfuura ruzha rwepamoyo," N. Tanaev akanyora muMusical Life, "asi zvinopawo mufananidzo wakakwana wekusika kuda kwemuimbi ... . Kwete iyo nzira pachayo, iyo yakasarudzika Yudinsky inonzwika nekuwanda kwezwi rayo (teerera zvishoma kune mabhesi ayo - hwaro hune simba hweiyo yose inonzwika chivakwa), asi nzira dzekukunda kunze goko rekurira, iro rinovhura nzira yekuenda. kudzika chaiko kwemufananidzo. Kuridza piano kwaYudina kunogara kuri chinhu, izwi rega rega, ruzha rwese ruzere… Saka, semuenzaniso, G. Neuhaus aidavira kuti muchishuvo chake chekuziva chekuzvisimbisa, kusimba kwakasimba kweanoridza piyano kunowanzogadzirisa vanyori "mumufananidzo wake uye mufananidzo." Zvinoratidzika, zvisinei (chero zvingave zvakadaro, maererano nebasa rekupedzisira remuimbi wepiyano) kuti hatimbofi takasangana neYudina's artic arbitrariness mupfungwa yekuti "Ndinoda saizvozvo"; izvi hazvipo, asi pane "sekunzwisisa kwandinoita" ... Uku hakusi kutongerwa, asi maitiro ayo ekugadzira.