Joan Sutherland |

Joan Sutherland

Inzwi rinoshamisa raSutherland, rinobatanidza coloratura mastery nehupfumi hunoshamisa, kupfuma kwemavara etimbre nekujeka kwekutungamira kwezwi, kwakakwezva vadikani uye nyanzvi muhunyanzvi hwekutaura kwemakore mazhinji. Makore makumi mana akapedza basa rake rakabudirira remitambo. Vashoma vaimbi vaive nemhando yakakura kudaro uye stylistic palette. Akanzwa akasununguka zvakaenzana kwete chete muItaly uye Austro-German repertoire, asiwo muchiFrench. Kubva kutanga kwema60s, Sutherland anga ari mumwe wevaimbi vakuru venguva yedu. Muzvinyorwa uye ongororo, anowanzo kutaurwa nezvake nezwi rechiItalian sonorous La Stupenda ("Inoshamisa").

Joan Sutherland akaberekerwa muguta reAustralia reSydney munaNovember 7, 1926. Amai vemuimbi wemangwana aiva nemezzo-soprano yakaisvonaka, kunyange zvazvo asina kuva muimbi nekuda kwekupikisa kwevabereki vake. Achitevedzera amai vake, musikana wacho akaita mazwi aManuel Garcia naMatilda Marchesi.

Musangano neSydney vocal mudzidzisi Aida Dickens waive wakasarudzika kuna Joan. Akawana soprano chaiyo inoshamisa mumusikana uyu. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, Joan aive nechokwadi chekuti aive nemezzo-soprano.

Sutherland akawana dzidzo yake yehunyanzvi paSydney Conservatory. Achiri mudzidzi, Joan anotanga basa rake rekonzati, afamba kumaguta akawanda enyika. Aiwanzoperekedzwa nemudzidzi wepiyano Richard Boning. Ndiani angadai akafunga kuti uku ndiko kwaiva kutanga kwemutambo wekugadzira wakave wakakurumbira munyika dzakawanda dzepasi.

Pamakore makumi maviri nerimwe, Sutherland akaimba chikamu chake chekutanga, Dido muPurcell's Dido naAeneas, pakonzati muSydney's Town Hall. Makore maviri anotevera, Joan anoenderera mberi achiita mumakonzati. Mukuwedzera, anotora chikamu mumakwikwi ekuimba eAustralia uye anotora nzvimbo yekutanga nguva dzose. Panhandare yeopera, Sutherland akamuita debut muna 1950 mutaundi rekumusha kwake, mune chinzvimbo chezita mu opera "Judith" naJ. Goossens.

Muna 1951, achitevera Bonynge, Joan akatamira kuLondon. Sutherland inoita basa rakawanda naRichard, vachikwenenzvera chirevo chese chemazwi. Akadzidzawo kwegore kuRoyal College yeMumhanzi muLondon naClive Carey.

Nekudaro, chete nekunetseka kukuru Sutherland inopinda muCovent Garden troupe. Muna Gumiguru 1952, muimbi wechidiki anoimba chikamu chidiki cheMukadzi wekutanga muMozart's The Magic Flute. Asi mushure mokunge Joan akabudirira kuita sa Amelia muUn ballo mu maschera neVerdi, achitsiva muimbi weGermany akangoerekana arwara Elena Werth, vatungamiri vemitambo vakatenda mukukwanisa kwake. Atova mumwaka wekutanga, Sutherland akavimba nebasa reCountess ("Muchato weFigaro") naPenelope Rich ("Gloriana" Britten). Muna 1954, Joan anoimba chinzvimbo chezita muAida naAgatha mukugadzirwa kutsva kweWeber's The Magic Shooter.

Mugore rimwe chetero, chiitiko chakakosha chinoitika muhupenyu hwaSutherland - anoroora Boninj. Murume wake akatanga kutungamira Joan kune lyric-coloratura zvikamu, achitenda kuti zvakanyanya kupfuura zvese zvinoenderana nemhando yetarenda rake. Muiti wacho haana chokwadi nazvo, asi akabvuma uye muna 1955 akaimba mabasa akawanda akadaro. Basa rinonyanya kunakidza raive chikamu chakaomesesa chaJennifer muoperatiro Midsummer Night's Wedding nemunyori weChirungu Michael Tippett.

Kubva 1956 kusvika 1960, Sutherland akatora chikamu muGlyndebourne Mutambo, kwaakaimba zvikamu zve Countess Almaviva (Muchato weFigaro), Donna Anna (Don Giovanni), Madame Hertz muMozart's vaudeville The Theatre Director.

Muna 1957, Sutherland akasimuka kuita mukurumbira semuimbi weHandelian, achiimba zita rezita muAlcina. “Muimbi weHandelian akatanhamara wenguva yedu,” vakanyora kudaro mumapepanhau nezvake. Gore rakatevera, Sutherland akaenda kune imwe nyika kekutanga: akaimba chikamu chesoprano muVerdi's Requiem paHolland Festival, uye Don Giovanni kuVancouver Festival muCanada.

Muimbi ari kuswedera pedyo nechinangwa chake - kuita mabasa evatambi vakuru veItaly bel canto - Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti. Muedzo wakajeka wesimba raSutherland raive basa raLucia di Lammermoor muOpera yaDonizetti yezita rimwe chetero, izvo zvaida kugona kusingagoneki kwemaitiro echinyakare bel canto.

Nekuombera maoko kukuru, vateereri veCovent Garden vakatenda hunyanzvi hwemuimbi wacho. Nyanzvi yemimhanzi yeChirungu yakakurumbira Harold Rosenthal akadana kuita kwaSutherland "kuzarura", uye dudziro yebasa - zvinoshamisa musimba remanzwiro. Saka nekukunda kweLondon, mukurumbira wenyika unouya kuSutherland. Kubva panguva iyoyo, dzimba dzemimhanzi dzepamusoro dzave dzichida kuita zvibvumirano naye.

Kubudirira kutsva kunounza maitiro emuimbi muVienna, Venice, Palermo. Sutherland yakakunda muedzo weruzhinji rweParisian, ichikunda Grand Opera muna Kubvumbi 1960, vese vari mumwechete Lucia di Lammermoor.

"Dai mumwe munhu akandiudza svondo rapfuura kuti ndaizoteerera Lucia kwete chete pasina kufinhwa kudiki, asi nemanzwiro anomuka pakunakidzwa nehunyanzvi, basa rakakura rakanyorerwa nhanho yerwiyo, ndaizoshamisika zvisingaite," akadaro mutsoropodzi weFrance Marc Pencherl muongororo.

Kubvumbi akatevera, Sutherland akapenya pachikuva paLa Scala mumutambo weBellini's Beatrice di Tenda. Mukupera kwegore iroro, muimbi akaita debut yake pamatanho matatu makuru American Opera dzimba: San Francisco, Chicago uye New York Metropolitan Opera. Akatanga kuMetropolitan Opera saLucia, akaita makore makumi maviri nemashanu ipapo.

Muna 1963, imwe hope dzeSutherland dzakazadzikiswa - akaimba Norma kekutanga panhandare yemitambo muVancouver. Zvadaro muimbi akaimba chikamu ichi muLondon muna November 1967 uye muNew York pachikuva Metropolitan mumwaka 1969/70 uye 1970/71.

"Kududzirwa kweSutherland kwakakonzera kukakavara kwakawanda pakati pevaimbi uye vanoda unyanzvi hwezwi," anonyora VV Timokhin. — Pakutanga, zvakanga zvakatooma kufungidzira kuti mufananidzo wouyu mupristakadzi murwi, uyo Kallas akanga ane mutambo unoshamisa zvakadaro, waigona kuoneka mune imwe murangariro upi noupi wemirangariro!

Mukududzira kwake, Sutherland akaisa simbiso huru pane yakapfava elegiac, nhetembo kufungisisa. Pakanga pasina kana chinhu chehugamba chaCallas maari. Ehe, kutanga kwezvose, ese enziyo, akajekeserwa episodhi muchikamu chaNorma - uye pamusoro pese munamato "Casta Diva" - yakanzwika zvinoshamisa neSutherland. Zvisinei, munhu haagoni asi kubvumirana nemafungiro evatsoropodzi avo vakaratidza kuti kufungazve kwakadaro kwebasa raNorma, kuvhara runako rwenhetembo rwemimhanzi yaBellini, zvisinei, pane zvose, zvine chinangwa, zvakakanganisa unhu hwakagadzirwa nemunyori.

Muna 1965, kekutanga mushure memakore gumi nemana asipo, Sutherland akadzokera kuAustralia. Kuuya kwemuimbi kwainakidza chaizvo kune vanoda zvemanzwi muAustralia, avo vakagamuchira Joan nechido. Mutori wenhau womunzvimbomo akateerera zvikuru kushanya kwomuimbi wacho. Kubva ipapo, Sutherland akaita kakawanda munyika yake. Akasiya nhanho kumusha kwake kuSydney muna 1990, achiita chikamu cheMarguerite muMeyerbeer's Les Huguenots.

Muna Chikumi 1966, paCovent Garden Theatre, akatamba kekutanga saMaria muOpera yaDonizetti yeMwanasikana weRegiment, iyo isingawanzo shomeka padanho ranhasi. Iyi opera yakaitwa kuSutherland neNew York muna February 1972. Zuva, rudo, rinongoerekana raitika, rinokwezva - izvi zvinongova zvishoma zvemashoko anofanirwa nemuimbi mubasa iri risingakanganwiki.

Muimbi haana kuderedza basa rake rekugadzira muma70s uye 80s. Saka muSeattle, USA muna Mbudzi 1970, Sutherland akaita mabasa mana ese echikadzi muOffenbach's comic opera The Tales of Hoffmann. Kutsoropodza kwakapa kuti basa remuimbi iri rive nenhamba yeakanakisa ake.

Muna 1977, muimbi akaimba kekutanga paCovent Garden Mary Stuart muOpera yaDonizetti yezita rimwe chetero. MuLondon, muna 1983, akaimba zvakare imwe yezvikamu zvake zvakanakisisa - Esclarmonde muMassenet's opera yezita rimwe chete.

Kubva kumavambo 60s, Sutherland akaita kanenge nguva dzose mumusangano nemurume wake, Richard Boninge. Pamwe chete naye, akaita zvakawanda zvezvakarekodhwa zvake. Vakanakisisa vavo: "Anna Boleyn", "Mwanasikana weRegiment", "Lucretia Borgia", "Lucia di Lammermoor", "Love Potion" uye "Mary Stuart" naDonizetti; "Beatrice di Tenda", "Norma", "Puritanes" uye "Sleepwalker" naBellini; Rossini's Semiramide, Verdi's La Traviata, Meyerbeer's Huguenots, Massenet's Esclarmonde.

Muimbi akaita imwe yeakanakisa kurekodha muOpera Turandot naZubin Meta. Uku kurekodha kweiyo opera iri pakati peakanakisa pakati pemakumi matatu ekuteerera mavhezheni ePuccini's masterpiece. Sutherland, uyo pazere haana kunyanya kufanana nerudzi urwu rwebato, panodiwa kutaura, dzimwe nguva kusvika pahutsinye, akakwanisa kuburitsa zvitsva zvemufananidzo weTurandot pano. Yakazove yakanyanya "crystal", kuboora uye isina dziviriro. Seri kwekuomarara uye kunyanyisa kwemwanasikana, mweya wake waitambura wakatanga kunzwika. Kubva pano, kushanduka kunoshamisa kwekunaka kwemoyo wakaoma kuva mukadzi ane rudo kunoshanduka kuva kunonzwisisika.

Heino maonero eVV Timokhin:

"Kunyangwe Sutherland asina kumbobvira adzidza muItari uye asina anoimba wekuItaly pakati pevadzidzisi vake, muimbi akazviitira zita nekuda kwekududzira kwake kwakatanhamara kwemabasa mumitambo yekuItaly yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Kunyangwe nezwi chairo reSutherland - chiridzwa chisingawanzo, chisina kujairika murunako uye akasiyana emavara etimbre - vatsoropodzi vanowana hunhu hweItaly: kupenya, kupenya kwezuva, kunyorova, kupenya kunopenya. Mitsindo yerejista yaro yepamusoro, yakajeka, yakajeka uye yesirivha, yakafanana nenyere, rejista yepakati, nekudziya kwayo uye kuzara kwayo, inopa pfungwa yekuimba kwe soulful oboe, uye zvinyoro zvishoma uye velvety zvinyorwa zvishoma zvinoratidzika zvichibva kune cello. Huwandu hwakapfuma hwakadai hwemitsindo yemitsindo imhaka yekuti kwenguva yakareba Sutherland yakaita semezzo-soprano, yozoita soprano inoshamisa, uye pakupedzisira se coloratura. Izvi zvakabatsira muimbi kuti anzwisise zvizere zvingaita zvezwi rake, akanyatsoteerera kune repamusoro rerejista, sezvo pakutanga muganhu wemano ake waiva "kusvika" yechitatu octave; iye zvino anotora nyore uye akasununguka "fa".

Sutherland ndiye muridzi wezwi rake senge virtuoso yakakwana ine chiridzwa chake. Asi kwaari hakuna kumbove nehunyanzvi hwekuratidza tekiniki yacho pachayo, nyasha dzake dzese dzakaitwa zvine hungwaru dzakaomarara dzinokwana muchimiro chemanzwiro echinzvimbo, muchimiro chemimhanzi sechikamu chayo chakakosha.