Carlo Maria Giulini |

Carlo Maria Giulini

Hwaiva hupenyu hurefu uye hune mbiri. Yakazara nekukunda, kuratidzwa kwekutenda kubva kuvateereri vanoonga, asiwo fundo inopfuurira yezvibodzwa, kuisa pfungwa pakunamata kwakanyanya. Carlo Maria Giulini akararama kwemakore anopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe.

Kuumbwa kweGiulini semuimbi, pasina kuwedzeredza, "kunombundira" yose yeItaly: peninsula yakaisvonaka, sezvaunoziva, yakareba uye yakamanikana. Akaberekerwa muBarletta, taundi duku riri kumaodzanyemba kwePuglia (boot heel) musi waMay 9, 1914. Asi kubva pauduku, hupenyu hwake hwakanga hwakabatana ne "yakanyanyisa" yeItaly kuchamhembe: pazera remakore mashanu. kondakita akatanga kudzidza violin muBolzano. Iye zvino yava Italy, uye yakanga yava Austria-Hungary. Akabva atamira kuRoma, kwaakaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake paAcademy yeSanta Cecilia, achidzidzira kuridza viola. Pazera remakore gumi nemasere akava muimbi weAugusteum Orchestra, horo yekonzati yeRoma yakaisvonaka. Senhengo yeorchestra yeAugusteum, akawana mukana - uye mufaro - kutamba nevaimbi vakadai saWilhelm Furtwängler, Erich Kleiber, Victor De Sabata, Antonio Guarnieri, Otto Klemperer, Bruno Walter. Akatoridza pasi pebaton yaIgor Stravinsky naRichard Strauss. Panguva imwe cheteyo akadzidza achiitisa naBernardo Molinari. Akagamuchira dhipuroma panguva yakaoma, pakukwirira kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, muna 1941. Debut yake yakanonoka: akakwanisa kumira shure kwekoni makore matatu chete gare gare, muna 1944. koniti yokutanga muRoma yakasunungurwa.

Giulini akati: “Zvidzidzo mukuita zvinoda kunonoka, kungwarira, kusurukirwa uye kunyarara.” Fate yakamupa mubairo zvizere nekuda kwekukosha kwemaitiro ake kune unyanzvi hwake, nekuda kwekushaya maturo. Muna 1950, Giulini akatamira kuMilan: hupenyu hwake hwose hwakazotevera hwaizobatanidzwa neguta guru rekuchamhembe. Kwapera gore, De Sabata akamukoka kuItaly Radio neTerevhizheni uye kuMilan Conservatory. Kutenda kune imwecheteyo De Sabate, mikova yeLa Scala theatre yakavhurwa pamberi pemudiki conductor. Apo dambudziko remwoyo rakabata De Sabata munaSeptember 1953, Giulini akamutsiva semutungamiri wemimhanzi. Akapihwa kuvhurwa kwemwaka (neCatalani's opera Valli). Giulini acharamba ari mutungamiriri wemimhanzi weMilanese temberi yeopera kusvika 1955.

Giulini ane mukurumbira zvakaenzana seye opera uye symphony conductor, asi basa rake mune yekutanga simba rinotora nguva pfupi. Muna 1968 aizosiya opera odzokera kwairi apo neapo musitudiyo yekurekodha uye muLos Angeles muna 1982 paaizoitisa Verdi's Falstaff. Kunyangwe kugadzirwa kwake kwe opera kuri kudiki, anoramba ari mumwe wevaratidziri vekududzirwa kwemimhanzi yezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri: zvinokwana kurangarira De Falla's Hupenyu Hhupfupi uye Musikana wekuItaly muAlgiers. Kunzwa Giulini, zviri pachena kuti iko kurongeka uye pachena kwekududzirwa kwaClaudio Abbado kunobva kupi.

Giulini akaita akawanda emitambo yeVerdi, akateerera zvakanyanya kumimhanzi yeRussia, uye aida vanyori vezana remakore rechigumi nemasere. Ndiye akaitisa The Barber yeSeville, yakaitwa muna 1954 paMilan terevhizheni. Maria Callas akateerera wand yake yemashiripiti (mune yakakurumbira La Traviata inotungamirirwa naLuchino Visconti). Mutungamiriri mukuru uye mutungamiri mukuru vakasangana pane zvakagadzirwa naDon Carlos kuCovent Ganden uye The Marriage of Figaro muRoma. Maopera anoitiswa naGiulini anosanganisira Monteverdi's Coronation of Poppea, Gluck's Alcesta, Weber's The Free Gunner, Cilea's Adrienne Lecouvreur, Stravinsky's The Marriage, uye Bartók's castle yaDuke Bluebeard. Zvido zvake zvaive zvakafara zvisingaite, symphonic repertoire yake hainzwisisike, hupenyu hwake hwekusika hwakareba uye hune zviitiko.

Giulini akaitisa kuLa Scala kusvika 1997 - gumi nematatu operas, imwe ballet uye makumi mashanu makonzati. Kubva 1968, ainyanya kukwezvwa nemimhanzi yesymphonic. Maokestra ese muEurope neAmerica aida kutamba naye. Dhipatimendi rake rekuAmerica raive muna 1955 neChicago Symphony Orchestra. Kubva 1976 kusvika 1984, Giulini aive mutungamiriri wechigarire weLos Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. MuEurope aive Principal Conductor weVienna Symphony Orchestra kubva 1973 kusvika 1976 uye, nekuwedzera, akaridza nemamwe ese ane mukurumbira orchestra.

Vaya vakaona Giulini pane control panel vanoti maitiro ake aive ekutanga, anenge akashata. Iyo maestro yakanga isiri yevaratidziri, vanozvida zvakanyanya mumimhanzi kupfuura mimhanzi mavari. Akati: “Mimhanzi yepapepa yakapera. Basa redu harisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwekuedza kumutsiridza iyi masvomhu asina chaanopomerwa ezviratidzo. Giulini akazviona semuranda akazvipira wemunyori wenziyo: "Kududzira chiito chekuzvininipisa kwakadzama kune munyori."

Kukunda kwakawanda hakuna kumbochinja musoro wake. Mumakore ekupedzisira ebasa rake, ruzhinji rweParis rwakapa Giulini ruzha rwakamira kwechikamu chechina cheawa yeVerdi's Requiem, iyo Maestro yakangotaura chete: "Ndinofara kwazvo kuti ndinogona kupa rudo rushoma kuburikidza nemimhanzi."

Carlo Maria Giulini akafira muBrescia musi waJune 14, 2005. Nguva pfupi asati afa, Simon Rattle akati, “Ndingaitisa sei maBrahms pashure pokunge Giulini amutungamirira”?