Karenda yemimhanzi - Chikunguru

Chikunguru ndiyo korona yezhizha, nguva yekuzorora, kupora. Munyika yemimhanzi, mwedzi uno wanga usina kupfuma muzviitiko uye zvekutanga-mbiri.

Asi pane chimwe chinhu chinonakidza: muna July, vaimbi vakakurumbira vakaberekwa - masters of vocal art, mukurumbira uripo - ndiTamara Sinyavskaya, Elena Obraztsova, Sergey Lemeshev, Praskovya Zhemchugova. Nhamba yepamusoro yezhizha inoratidzwa nekuzvarwa kwevanyori vane mukurumbira nevaimbi vezviridzwa: Louis Claude Daquin, Gustav Mahler, Carl Orff, Van Cliburn.

Legendary Composers

4 Chikunguru 1694 gore akaberekwa muimbi wechiFrench, harpsichordist uye organist Louis Claude Daquin. Munguva yehupenyu hwake, akave nemukurumbira seakanakisa improviser uye virtuoso. Daken akashanda muchimiro cheRococo, vaongorori vebasa rake vanotenda kuti nemabasa ake akakwenenzverwa aitarisira mhando yemifananidzo yemakirasi ezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Nhasi munyori anozivikanwa nevatambi semunyori wechidimbu chakakurumbira che harpsichord "The Cuckoo", yakarongedzerwa kune zvakawanda zviridzwa uye ensembles yevatambi.

7 Chikunguru 1860 gore muimbi weAustria akauya kupasi, uyo anoonekwa sechiratidzo chekutaura, Gustav Mahler. Muzvinyorwa zvake, akatsvaka kuziva nzvimbo yomunhu munyika yakamupoteredza, achigumisa nguva ye<em>philosophical romantic symphonism. Munyori wenziyo wacho akati aisafara kuziva kuti kune vamwe vari kutambura. Mafungiro akadaro kune chokwadi akaita kuti zvisaite kuti awane inopindirana mumimhanzi.

Mubasa rake, kutenderera kwenziyo kwakanyatso kupindirana nemabasa esymphonic, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kweiyo symphony-cantata "Rwiyo rwePasi" rwakavakirwa padetembo reChinese rezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.

10 Chikunguru 1895 gore yakavapo Carl Orff, munyori wechiGermany, rimwe nerimwe bhuku idzva rakakonzera kutsoropodza uye kukakavara. Akaedza kubatanidza pfungwa dzake kuburikidza nemagariro asingagumi, anonzwisisika. Nokudaro kufamba "kudzokera kumadzitateguru", kukumbira kune zvekare. Achigadzira maopus ake, Orff haana kuomerera kune chero stylistic kana genre zviyero. Kubudirira kwemunyori kwakaunza cantata "Carmina Burana", iyo yakazove chikamu chekutanga che triptych "Triumphs".

Carl Orff agara aine hanya nekurerwa kwechizvarwa chidiki. Ndiye muvambi weMunich Chikoro cheMimhanzi, Dhanzi uye Gymnastics. Uye iyo Institute of Musical Education, yakagadzirwa muSalzburg nekutora chikamu kwake, yakava nzvimbo yepasirese yekudzidziswa kwevadzidzisi vemimhanzi yezvikoro zvepreschool, uyezve zvesekondari.

Vatambi veVirtuoso

6 Chikunguru 1943 gore muimbi akaberekerwa muMoscow, uyo anonzi noble prima donna, Tamara Sinyavskaya. Akawana mudzidzi paBolshoi Theatre achiri muduku zvikuru, pazera remakore makumi maviri, uye asina dzidzo yekudzidzira, iyo yaipesana nemitemo. Asi kwapera gore, muimbi wacho akanga atopinda mumutambo mukuru, uye pashure pemamwe mashanu, akanga ari muimbi ari oga pazvikamu zvakanakisisa zveOpera munyika.

Musikana ainyemwerera, anoshamwaridzana uye aiziva kutsungirira zvipingamupinyi uye kurwisa zvakaomarara, akakurumidza kuva mudiwa weboka racho. Uye tarenda rake rekuedzesera uye kugona kujaira basa rakaita kuti zvikwanise kuita kwete zvikamu zvechikadzi chete, asiwo iyo mifananidzo yechirume neyechidiki yakanyorerwa mezzo-soprano kana contralto, semuenzaniso: Vanya kubva kuIvan Susanin kana Ratmir. kubva kuRuslan naLyudmila.

7 Chikunguru 1939 gore muimbi mukuru wenguva yedu akaberekwa, Elena Obraztsova. Basa rake rinozivikanwa sechiitiko chinoshamisa mumimhanzi yenyika. Carmen, Dherira, Marita mukuita kwake vanoonekwa semhando yepamusoro yevatambi vanokatyamadza.

Elena Obraztsova akaberekerwa Leningrad mumhuri mainjiniya. Asi nokukurumidza mhuri yakatamira kuTaganrog, uko musikana wacho akapedza chikoro chesekondari. Panjodzi yake uye panjodzi, achipesana nezvinodiwa nevabereki vake, Elena akaedza kupinda muLeningrad Conservatory, izvo zvakazobudirira. Muimbi akaita debut yake pachikuva Bolshoi, achiri mudzidzi. Uye achangopedza kudzidza, akatanga kutarisa nzvimbo dzose dzinotungamirira munyika.

10 Chikunguru 1902 gore akaonekwa kunyika Sergey Lemeshev, uyo akazova rwiyo rwemhanzi rwakatanhamara munguva yedu. Akazvarwa mudunhu reTver mumhuri yemurombo ari nyore. Nekuda kwekukurumidza kufa kwababa vake, mukomana aifanira kushanda nesimba kuti abatsire mai vake. Muimbi weramangwana akatanga kuita zvekuimba netsaona. Jaya nemukoma wake vakafudza mabhiza vachiimba nziyo. Vakanzwikwa nainjiniya Nikolai Kvashnin achipfuura. Akakoka Sergei kuti atore zvidzidzo kubva kumudzimai wake.

Mukutungamira kweKomsomol, Lemeshev anova mudzidzi paMoscow Conservatory. Ndapedza kudzidza, anoshanda paSverdlovsk Opera House, uye ipapo paRussian Opera muHarbin. Ipapo pakanga pane Tiflis, uye ipapo chete Big, apo muimbi akakokwa kuongororo. Chikamu chakaimbwa chakaimbwa cheBerendey kubva kuThe Snow Maiden chakazarura magonhi echikamu chikuru chenyika kwaari. Akatora chikamu mune zvinopfuura 30 zvigadzirwa. Basa rake rakakurumbira raiva chikamu cheLensky, chaakaita ka501.

12 Chikunguru 1934 gore mutaundi diki reAmerica reShreveport, mutambi wepiyano akaberekwa uyo akadanana nemamiriyoni evateereri muUSSR, Van Cliburn. Mukomana akatanga kudzidza piyano kubva pazera remakore mana achitungamirirwa naamai vake. Mudiki wepiyano akafadzwa zvikuru nekuita kwaSergei Rachmaninov, uyo akapa imwe yemakonzati ake ekupedzisira muShreveport. Mukomana wacho akashanda nesimba, uye pazera remakore 4, pashure pokukunda makwikwi, akagamuchira kodzero yokuridza neHouston Orchestra.

Kuti aenderere mberi nedzidzo yake, jaya rakasarudza Juilliard School of Music muNew York. Yakanga iri kubudirira kukuru kuna Cliburn kuti akapinda mukirasi yaRosina Levina, mutambi wepiyano ane mukurumbira uyo akapedza kudzidza kubva kuMoscow Conservatory panguva imwe chete naRachmaninoff. Akanga ari iye akasimbirira kuti Van Cliburn atore chikamu mumakwikwi ekutanga eTchaikovsky, akaitirwa muU.SSR, uye akatomurovera bhezari rezita parwendo. Dare revatongi, rinotungamirirwa naD. Shostakovich, vakabvumirana vakapa kukunda kune wechidiki weAmerica.

В Zuva rekupedzisira raChikunguru 1768 mudunhu reYaroslavl mune mhuri yevaserfs yakaberekwa Praskovya Kovaleva (Zhemchugova). Pazera remakore masere, nekuda kwekugona kwake kutaura kwakanakisisa, akakurira munzvimbo yaMarta Dolgoruky pedyo neMoscow. Musikana wacho ainyatsoziva mimhanzi, achiridza rudimbwa uye harpsichord, chiItaly nechiFrench. Nenguva isipi, musikana ane tarenda akatanga kuita paSheremetyev Theater pasi pezita rekunyepedzera raPraskovia Zhemchugova.

Pakati pemabasa ake akanakisa ndiAlzved ("The Village Sorcerer" naRousseau), Louise ("The Deserter" naMonsigny), mabasa muma opera naPaisello uye yekutanga Russian operas naPashkevich. Muna 1798, muimbi akagamuchira rusununguko uye nokukurumidza akaroora mwanakomana Count Peter Sheremetyev, Nikolai.

Louis Claude Daquin - Cuckoo

Munyori - Victoria Denisova