Plácido Domingo (Plácido Domingo) |

Placido Domingo

José Placido Domingo Embil akaberekwa muna Ndira 21, 1941 muMadrid mumhuri yevaimbi. Amai vake (Pepita Embil) uye baba (Plácido Domingo Ferer) vaive vatambi vanozivikanwa murudzi rwezarzuela, zita rechiSpanish remuseke wekuimba, kutamba uye nhaurirano yekutaura.

Kunyange zvazvo mukomana akapinda munyika yemimhanzi kubva paudiki, zvaaifarira zvakanga zvakasiyana. Pazera remakore masere, akatoimba pamberi pevoruzhinji semuimbi wepiyano, gare gare akatanga kufarira kuimba. Nekudaro, Placido aida nhabvu zvakanyanya uye aitamba muchikwata chemitambo. Muna 1950, vabereki vacho vakatamira kuMexico. Apa vakabudirira kuenderera mberi nemabasa avo ehunyanzvi, vachironga boka ravo muMexico City.

"Pazera remakore gumi nemana ... vabereki vangu vakatarisana nemubvunzo wekuti vondigadzirira basa reunyanzvi semuimbi," Domingo anonyora kudaro. “Pakupedzisira, vakasarudza kundiendesa kuNational Conservatory, uko vadzidzi vakafunda zvose zviri zviviri mimhanzi nedzidzo yenguva dzose. Zvakanga zvakandiomera pakutanga. Ndaida Barajas, ndakamujaira uye ndakajairana nemudzidzisi wangu mutsva kwenguva yakareba. Asi ini ndinotenda mu la fona del destino, mukutarisira, zvese zvakaitika muhupenyu hwangu kazhinji zvakabuda zvakanaka. Chokwadi, dai mudzidzisi wangu ari mupenyu, ndingadai ndisina kupedzisira ndapinda muimba inochengeterwa zvinhu uye magumo angu angadai asina kuitika chimurenga ichocho chakaitika munguva pfupi iri kutevera nzira yeupenyu. Kudai ndakanga ndagara naBarajas, ndingadai ndakashuva kuva muimbi wepiyano wemakonzati. Uye kunyangwe kuridza piyano kwaive nyore - ndaiverenga zvakanaka kubva pakuona, ndaive nemimhanzi yechisikigo - ndinokahadzika kuti ndingadai ndakagadzira piano huru. Pakupedzisira, dai pakanga pasina mamiriro matsva, ndingadai ndisina kumbotanga kuimba sezvazvaitika.

Pazera remakore gumi nematanhatu, Placido akatanga kuonekwa muboka revabereki vake semuimbi. Munzvimbo yemitambo yeZarzuela, akabata mitambo yakawanda uye sekondakita.

“Manuel Aguilar, mwanakomana womumwe mumiriri weMexico ane mukurumbira aishanda muUnited States, akadzidza neni panzvimbo inochengeterwa tsika,” anonyora kudaro Domingo. “Aigarotaura kuti ndakatambisa nguva yangu pamimhanzi yekomedhi. Muna 1959 akandiwanira nzvero paNational Opera. Ini ndakabva ndasarudza maviri arias kubva kune baritone repertoire: chirevo chePagliacci uye aria kubva kuna André Chénier. Nhengo dzekomisheni dzakandinzwa dzakataura kuti dzaifarira inzwi rangu, asi, semaonero adzo, ndaiva tenora, kwete mubhari; Ndakabvunzwa kana ndaigona kuimba tenor aria. Ini ndakanga ndisingazive repertoire iyi zvachose, asi ndakanzwa mamwe maarias uye ndakakurudzira kuti vaimbe chimwe chinhu kubva pakuona. Vakandiunzira zvinyorwa zveLoris's aria "Rudo haruna kurambidzwa" kubva kuGiordano's "Fedora", uye, pasinei nekuimbwa kwenhema kwepamusoro "la", ndakapiwa kupedzisa chibvumirano. Nhengo dzekomisheni dzakagutsikana kuti zvechokwadi ndaiva tenor.

Ndakashamiswa uye ndakafara, kunyanya sezvo kondirakiti yakapa mari yakanaka, uye ndaingova nemakore gumi nemasere. Paive nemhando mbiri dzemwaka paNational Opera: yenyika, umo maartist emuno akatamba, uye epasirese, ayo akakokwa mativi evaimbi vane mukurumbira kubva kumativi ese enyika kuti vaimbe, uye vaimbi vemitambo vakashandiswa mumitambo iyi mukutsigira. mabasa. Kutaura zvazviri, ndainyanya kukokwa kuti ndiite zvikamu zvakadaro mumwaka wemarudzi akawanda. Mabasa angu aisanganisirawo zvikamu zvekudzidza nevamwe vaimbi. Ndakanga ndiri muperekedzi ndichishanda mumaopera akawanda. Pakati pavo paiva naFaust naGlukovsky's Orpheus, panguva yekugadzirira kwandakaperekedza kudzokorora kwechoreographer Anna Sokolova.

Basa rangu rekutanga opera raive Borsa muRigoletto. Mukugadzirwa uku, Cornell McNeill akaita basa rezita, Flaviano Labo akaimba Duke, uye Ernestina Garfias akaimba Gilda. Raiva zuva rainakidza. Vabereki vangu, savaridzi vebhizimisi ravo vamene remitambo yemitambo, vakandipa chipfeko chakaisvonaka. Labo zvakamunetsa kuti novice tenor ainge akwanisa sei kuwana sutu yakanaka kudaro. Mwedzi mishoma gare gare, ndakatamba mune chimwe chikamu chakakosha - kuimba mufundisi muchirongwa chekuMexico chePoulenc's Dialogues des Carmelites.

Mumwaka wa1960/61, kwenguva yokutanga, ndakava nomukana wokuimba pamwe chete navaimbi vakatanhamara Giuseppe Di Stefano naManuel Ausensi. Pakati pemabasa angu aiva Remendado muCarmen, Spoletta muTosca, Goldfinch uye Abbe muna Andre Chenier, Goro muMadam Butterfly, Gaston muLa Traviata uye Emperor muTurandot. Changamire havaimbi, asi chipfeko chavo ndecheumbozha. Martha, wandakanga ndichangobva kuzivana naye zviri nani panguva iyoyo, kunyange iye zvino haamboshayi mukana wokundiyeuchidza kuti ndaidada sei nechipfeko chakaisvonaka, kunyange zvazvo basa racho pacharo rakanga riri duku. Pandakanzi ndicharidza Emperor, Turandot ndakanga ndisingazivi zvachose. Handisati ndichizotongokanganwa kuoneka kwangu kwokutanga mukamuri rokurovedza, umo panguva iyeyo kwaya neorchestra zvakanga zvichidzidza nhamba yokuti “Haiwa mwedzi, nei uri kunonoka?”. Zvichida, dai ndaona basa ravo nhasi, ndaizocherechedza kuti orchestra inoridza furati, uye kwaya haiimbi zvakanaka, asi panguva idzodzo mimhanzi yakandibata zvachose. Yakanga iri imwe yezvinopenya zvakanyanya muhupenyu hwangu - handisati ndambonzwa chinhu chakanaka kudaro.

Nguva pfupi mushure mekutanga kwake, Domingo akatoimba kuDallas Opera House, uye kwemwaka mitatu akanga ari soloist we opera muTel Aviv, kwaakakwanisa kuwana ruzivo rwakakosha uye kuwedzera repertoire yake.

Muhafu yechipiri ye60s, mukurumbira wakafara wakauya kune muimbi. Mumatsutso a1966, akave muimbi ega neNew York City Opera House uye kwemwaka yakati wandei akaita padanho rayo senge Rudolf naPinkerton (La Boheme naMadama Butterfly naG. Puccini), Canio muPagliacci naR. Leoncavallo, José mu "Carmen" naJ. Bizet, Hoffmann mu "The Tales of Hoffmann" naJ. Offenbach.

Muna 1967, Domingo akafadza vazhinji nekugonesa kwake, achitamba zvine mutsindo kuLohengrin padanho reHamburg. Uye pakupera kwa1968, nekuda kwetsaona, akaita debut yake paMetropolitan Opera: hafu yeawa isati yaitwa, akakurumbira Franco Corelli akanzwa asinganzwi zvakanaka, uye Domingo akava shamwari yaRenata Tebaldi muAdrienne Lecouvreur. Ongororo dzevatsoropodzi dzaive nechido nemoyo wese.

Mugore rimwe chetero, muimbi weSpain akaremekedzwa kuimba pakuvhurwa kwemwaka kuLa Scala, kuHernani, uye kubvira ipapo yakaramba iri chishongo chisingachinji cheiyo theatre.

Pakupedzisira, muna 1970, Domingo akazokunda vaaigara navo, akatanga kuridza muLa Gioconda naPonchielli uye mune opera yenyika Poet naF. Torroba, uyezve mumakonzati. Muna Gumiguru wegore rimwe chetero, Domingo akatamba kekutanga muVerdi's Masquerade Bhora, mumubatanidzwa nemuimbi ane mukurumbira wekuSpain Montserrat Caballe. Gare gare vakaumba imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa duets.

Kubva ipapo, basa rekukurumidza raPlacido Domingo harichakwanisa kuteverwa kumashure kwepeni yemunyori, zvakaoma kana kuverengera kukunda kwake. Huwandu hwezvikamu zveopera zvakasanganisirwa murepertoire yake yechigarire zvakapfuura gumi nemaviri, asi, nekuwedzera, akaimba achida muzarzuelas, rudzi rwaidiwa rweSpanish folk musical performance. Takabatana nevatambi vakuru venguva yedu uye nevazhinji vatungamiri vemafirimu vakadhirowa maopera nekutora chikamu kwake - Franco Zeffirelli, Francesco Rosi, Joseph Schlesinger. Ngatiwedzerei kuti kubvira 1972 Domingo anga achiita zvakarongeka sekondakita zvakare.

Muma70s nema80s, Domingo aigara achiimba mumitambo yemitambo yemitambo inotungamira pasi rose: London's Covent Garden, Milan's La Scala, Paris' Grand Opera, Hamburg neVienna Opera. Muimbi akasimbisa hukama hwakasimba nemutambo weVerona Arena. Imwe nyanzvi yemimhanzi yakatanhamara yechiNgezi uye wezvenhau weimba yeopera G. Rosenthal akanyora, kuti: “Domingo yakanga iri chizaruro chaichoicho chemitambo. Mushure meBjörling, ini handisati ndanzwa tenor, mukuita kwake kwaizove nekuroya kwakawanda lyricism, tsika chaiyo uye kuravira kwakapfava.

Muna 1974, Domingo - muMoscow. Kuita kwemoyo wese kwemuimbi wechikamu cheCavaradossi kwakaramba kuri mundangariro yevazhinji vanoda mimhanzi kwenguva yakareba.

“Kutanga kwangu kuRussia kwakaitika musi wa8 June 1974,” anonyora kudaro Domingo. - Kugamuchirwa kwakapihwa neMoscow kuboka reLa Scala hakugoneki. Mushure mekuita, takaomberwa, takaratidza kubvumidzwa munzira dzese dziripo kwemaminetsi makumi mana neshanu. Kudzokorora kwakadzokororwa kwe "Tosca" munaJune 10 uye 15 kwakaitwa nekubudirira kumwe chete. Vabereki vangu vaive neni muSoviet Union, uye takaenda nechitima chehusiku, chinogona kunzi "chitima chehusiku chena", sezvo kuLeningrad hakuna kumbonyanya kusviba. Guta iri rakava rimwe remakanaka zvikuru andakamboona muupenyu hwangu.”

Domingo inosiyaniswa nekuita kunoshamisa uye kuzvipira. Zvakarekodhwa pamarekodhi, kushanda paredhiyo neterevhizheni, mitambo semutyairi uye munyori zvinopupurira hupamhi uye hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwemuimbi.

“Muimbi ane shasha ane inzwi rakapfava, rine muto, rinobhururuka, Placido Domingo anokunda vateereri nokungozvidira uye nomwoyo wose,” anonyora kudaro I. Ryabova. -Kutamba kwake kunonyanya mimhanzi, hapana kukanganiswa kwemanzwiro, kuridza vateereri. Hunhu hwaDomingo hweunyanzvi hunosiyaniswa netsika yepamusoro yezwi, hupfumi hwetimbre nuances, kukwana kwemazwi, kushamisa kwedanho runako.

Muimbi anogona kuita zvakasiyana-siyana uye akajeka, anoimba nziyo dzematsimba uye dzinoshamisa nebudiriro yakaenzana, repertoire yake yakakura - ingangoita zana mabasa. Zvikamu zvizhinji zvakanyorwa naye pazvinyorwa. Discography yemuimbi yakawedzera inosanganisirawo nziyo dzakakurumbira - chiItalian, Spanish, America. Kubudirira kusingapokane kwaive kuita kwaDomingo kwemabasa ekutungamira mune zvakakosha opera yakagadziridzwa munguva pfupi yapfuura - La Traviata uye Otello naF. Zeffirelli, Carmen naF. Rosi.

Alexey Parin anonyora kuti: “Vanhu vokuAmerica vanoda kurekodha marekodhi. Pakupera kwa1987, Domingo akange avhura mwaka weMetropolitan Opera kasere. Akapfurirwa naCaruso chete. Domingo akagashira kureba akamira munyika ye opera, ndiye muridzi wenhamba huru yeuta mushure mekuita. “Haana kungoimba mugomba guru reEtna, akatora chikamu mukutepfenyura ari kubva muchadenga, uye haana kuimba mukonzati yerudo pamberi pemapenguin eAntarctica,” anonyora kudaro shamwari yepedyo yaDomingo, kondakita uye mutsoropodzi Harvey. Sachs. Simba remunhu uye hunyanzvi hwekuita zveDomingo zvakakura - parizvino, hongu, hapana kana tenor ine yakakura kudaro uye tessitura yakasiyana repertoire seDomingo. Kana remangwana richizomuisa mumutsara mumwe chete naCaruso naCallas, nguva ndiyo ichasarudza. Nekudaro, chinhu chimwe chatove nechokwadi: mumunhu weDomingo, tiri kubata nemumiriri mukuru weItaly operatic tsika yehafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, uye humbowo hwake hwebasa rake rine chiitiko rehunyanzvi hunofadza zvikuru. "

Domingo ari mukutanga kwemasimba ake ekusika. Vaimbi nevadi vemimhanzi vanomuona seanoenderera mberi netsika dzinoshamisa dzevakakurumbira vekare, muimbi anopfumisa nhaka yevakamutangira, mumiriri akajeka wetsika yenguva yedu.

Heino chidimbu kubva muongororo yakanzi "Othello zvakare kuLa Scala" (Musical Life magazine, Kubvumbi 2002): kufemerwa uye simba, izvo zvaive chimiro chemuimbi mumakore ake epamusoro. Uye zvakadaro, chishamiso chakaitika: Domingo, kunyange zvazvo akanga ane matambudziko mubhuku repamusoro, akapa kududzira kwakakura, kunorwadza, chibereko chekufungisisa kwenguva refu kwemuimbi mukuru, ane nhoroondo Othello wehafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. ichangopera.

“Opera inyanzvi isingafi, yagara iripo,” anodaro Domingo. - Uye achararama chero vanhu vachinetsekana nemoyo wese manzwiro, rudo ...

Mimhanzi inokwanisa kutisimudza kusvika pakukwana, inokwanisa kutiporesa. Mumwe wemifaro hurusa youpenyu hwangu kugamuchira tsamba dzinobva kuvanhu avo unyanzvi hwangu hwakabetsera kudzorera utano. Nekufamba kwezuva rega rega, ndinowedzera kugutsikana kuti mimhanzi inosimudzira, inobatsira mukutaurirana vanhu. Mimhanzi inotidzidzisa kuwirirana, inounza rugare. Ndinotenda kuti uku ndiko kudanwa kwake kukuru.