Maxim Sozontovich Berezovsky |

Maxim Berezovsky

Kusika kweakanakisa muimbi weRussia wehafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. M. Berezovsky, pamwe chete nebasa remunguva yake akakurumbira D. Bortnyansky, zvakaratidza kutanga kwechikamu chitsva, classicist mune unyanzvi hwemimhanzi hweRussia.

Munyori akaberekerwa Chernihiv nharaunda. Anonzi akagamuchira dzidzo yake yekutanga yemimhanzi paGlukhov Music School, yakakurumbira nokuda kwetsika dzayo dzokuimba, ndokuzoenderera mberi nayo paKiyiv Theological Academy. Pakusvika kuSt. Petersburg (1758), jaya, nekuda kwenzwi rake rakanaka, rakapiwa kuvashandi vevaimbi venhaka yechigaro chechigaro, Peter Fedorovich, kwaakatanga kugamuchira zvidzidzo zvekunyora kubva kuna F. Zoppis uye mazwi. kubva kumudzidzisi weItaly Nunziani. Mukutanga kwe1750-60s. Berezovsky akanga atoita mabasa anokosha mumitambo yaF. Araya naV. Manfredini, iyo yakaitwa padare redzimhosva, ichikwikwidzana muunyanzvi uye unhu hwakanaka nevaimbi veItaly vakanakisisa. Mushure mekutonga kwemuzinda muna 1762, Berezovsky, sevamwe maartist kubva mudunhu raPeter III, akatamiswa naCatherine II kuenda kuboka reItaly. Muna Gumiguru 1763, munyori akaroora Franziska Iberscher, mutambi weboka. Achitaura nezvikamu zvega mumitambo yeopera, Berezovsky akaimbawo muCourt Choir, izvo zvakaita kuti muimbi afarire mumhando dzekwaya. Maererano nemunyori wehupenyu P. Vorotnikov, makonzati ake ekutanga emweya ("Uya uone", "Ndimi dzose", "Tinorumbidza Mwari kwamuri", "Ishe anotonga", "Rumbidzai Ishe kubva kudenga") akaratidza hunoshamisa hwake. tarenda uye ruzivo rwakanaka rwemitemo yekupikisa uye kuwirirana. Muna May 1769, Berezovsky akatumirwa kuItaly kunovandudza unyanzvi hwake hwemhizha. PaAcademy yakakurumbira yeBologna, maererano nengano, akadzidza pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemudzidzisi wepamusoro uye mudzidzisi Padre Martini.

Musi waMay 15, 1771, nguva pfupi yapfuura WA Mozart, apasa bvunzo pamwe chete nemuimbi weCzech I. Myslivechek, Berezovsky akagamuchirwa senhengo yeChikoro. Muna 1773, akatumirwa kuLivorno, akagadzira yake yekutanga uye pamwe chete opera, Demofont, kubudirira kwayo kwakaonekwa mupepanhau reLivorno: "Pakati pemitambo yakaratidzwa panguva yekupedzisira carnival, inofanira kuonekwa mubasa reHumambo Hwake. the Empress of All Russia, signor Maxim Berezovsky, anosanganisa hupenyu uye kuravira kwakanaka neruzivo rwemumhanzi. Opera "Demofont" yakapfupisa nguva ye "Italian" yehupenyu hwaBerezovsky - musi wa19 Gumiguru 1773, akabva kuItaly.

Kudzokera kuRussia mukutanga kwemasimba ake ekusika, Berezovsky haana kusangana nemafungiro akakodzera kune tarenda rake mudare. Tichitarisa nemagwaro ezvinyorwa, munyori wacho haana kumbogadzwa kubasa rinoenderana nezita renhengo yeBologna Academy. Sezvo ave pedyo naG. Potemkin, Berezovsky kwenguva yakati akaverengera pane chinzvimbo mune yakarongwa Musical Academy kumaodzanyemba kwenyika (kunze kweBerezovsky, muchinda wacho aizokwezvawo J. Sarti uye I. Khandoshkin). Asi purojekiti yePotemkin haina kumboitwa, uye Berezovsky akaramba achishanda muchechi semushandiwo zvake. Kusava netariro kwemamiriro ezvinhu, kusurukirwa kwemunyori mumakore achangopfuura kwakatungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti, achirwara nefivha muna March 1777, Berezovsky akazviuraya mune imwe yekurwisa kwechirwere.

Mhedzisiro yenhaka yekusika yemunyori inoshamisa: mazhinji emabasa akaitwa muzana ramakore rechina akaramba ari mumanyoro kwenguva yakareba uye akachengetwa muCourt Chapel. Pakuvamba kwezana redu ramakore, vakanga varasika zvisingadzivisiki. Pakati pezvinyorwa zveBerezovsky, imwe sonata ye violin uye cembalo muC huru inozivikanwa. Nhamba ye opera "Demofont", yakarongwa muItaly, yakarasika: chete 4 arias ndivo vakapona nanhasi. Pakati pezvakawanda zvekunamata nziyo, chete Liturgy uye mashoma ezvemweya makonsati akachengetedzwa. Pakati pavo pane Ishe Kutonga, uyo uri muenzaniso wekutanga we classicist choral cycle muRussia, uye Usandiramba Muchembere, iyo yakava mhedziso yebasa remunyori. Concerto iyi, mukuenzanisa nemamwe mabasa emakore achangopfuura, ine mafaro anofadza. Nekuda kwekuzivikanwa kwayo, yakapararira uye yakadhindwa kaviri muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore re1818. (1841, XNUMX).

Kupesvedzera kwenziyo, polyphonic maitiro, kuwirirana uye chimiro chekufananidzira chekonsati inogona kurondwa mubasa revadiki venguva yaBerezovsky - Bortnyansky, S. Degtyarev, A. Vedel. Kuve nyanzvi yechokwadi yeunyanzvi hwemimhanzi, konzati "Usaramba" inoratidza kutanga kwechinyakare nhanho mukuvandudzwa kwekusika kwekwaya.

Kunyange masampuli ega ega ebasa raBerezovsky anotibvumira kutaura pamusoro pehupamhi hwezvido zverudzi rwemunyori, pamusoro pekusanganiswa kwehupenyu mumhanzi wake wenziyo yenyika ine pan-European maitiro uye mafomu ebudiriro.

A. Lebedeva