Karenda yemimhanzi - Zvita

Zvita munhoroondo yemimhanzi yakaratidzwa nekuzvarwa kwevanyori vane mukurumbira vakaita saBeethoven, Sibelius, Berlioz, Puccini, Sviridov, Shchedrin naKabalevsky, pamwe chete nemitambo yakawanda yepamusoro-soro.

Muses anofarira akazvarwa muna Zvita

8 December 1865 makore akaberekerwa mutaundi duku reFinnish reHyamenliana Jean sibelius. Muimbi wacho airemekedzwa munyika yake nerukudzo rwakadaro zvokuti hapana mumwe muimbi akawana munguva yeupenyu hwake. Kutendeseka kwemimhanzi yake, kuratidzwa kwechokwadi kwechimiro chevanhu vake, kwakaita kuti muimbi azivikanwe kure kure nemiganhu yenyika yake. Sibelius aiwanzotendeukira kune epic yeFinnish, achiruka motif yenyika munziyo dzake.

11 December 1803 makore mutaundi reLa Cote-Saint-André pedyo neFrench Grenoble rakazvarwa Hector Berlioz. Semunhu anozvidzidzisa, akadzidza huchenjeri hwese hwesainzi yemimhanzi ari ega: baba vake vakamurambidza kuridza piyano, vachitya kuda zvakanyanya kwemwanakomana wavo mumhanzi. Asi kutya kwake kwakasimbiswa: mwanakomana haana kungosarudza mimhanzi sebasa rake chete, asi akawanawo kuzivikanwa pasi rose semunyori, muvambi, muumbi wepurogiramu symphony. Nebasa rake, akapa kurudziro kune kumwe kuenderera mberi kwekutungamira kwerudo mumimhanzi.

16 December 1770 makore chiitiko chakaitika muGermany, kukosha kwacho kusingagoni kufungidzirwa: muguta reBonn, Ludwig van Beethoven. Kunyangwe hudiki hwakaoma, maawa mazhinji emakirasi akarongwa nababa vake mukuyedza kuita mwana wechishamiso kubva kumwanakomana wake, Beethoven haana kurasikirwa nerudo rwake rwemimhanzi uye akava mumwe wevatenzi veViennese classicism, achigovana zita iri nevakuru. Haydn uye Mozart. Muimbi wenziyo akangwara, mupanduki, mubasa rake aigara achitevera pfungwa yekukunda kwesimba remweya pamusoro perima nekusaruramisira. Vanyori vakawanda vaimuona semuperekedzi wavo, pakati pavo pana G. Berlioz, I. Brahms, G. Mahler, F. Liszt, S. Prokofiev, A. Schoenberg, D. Shostakovich, uye ichi chinongova chikamu chiduku chevateveri vake.

Muzuva rimwe chetero, Zvita 16, asi 1915 mumwe muimbi wokuRussia, piano uye conductor akaonekwa muguta Fatezh Georgy Sviridov. Basa rake rinoratidzirwa nehukama hwepedyo nevanhu vevanhu, akagara achizvimisa semwanakomana wenyika yake. Muimbi aiva nyanzvi yemifananidzo yeRussian uye nhetembo, uye akayemura tarenda raPushkin. Basa rake rose rakazadzwa nechishuvo chechido chekunaka, kururamisira, kuwirirana kwemukati, uye panguva imwechete, kunzwisisa kwemutambo wenguva, zviitiko.

Zuva 16 Zvita rakacherechedzwa nekuzvarwa kwemumwe munyori ane mukurumbira. December 16, 1932 akauya munyika Rodion Shchedrin. Mimhanzi yakakomberedza muimbi weramangwana kubva paudiki, nekuti baba vake vaive nyanzvi yemimhanzi. Makore ekuyaruka akabatana nedambudziko guru revanhu veSoviet, uye mukomana akaedza kakawanda kuti atize kumberi. Mune ramangwana, kurwadziwa kubva pane zvakaitika kwakashandurwa kuva kusikwa kwemabasa akawanda anokosha ezvidzidzo zvehondo. Nzira yake semunyori ndeyekukunda rusaruro, inertia, uye kusanzwisisa kwevateereri. Aigara aine maonero ake, aitenda kuti munhu anofanira kurarama uye kugadzira nekuda kweramangwana, kuitira zvakanaka zvizvarwa.

22 December 1858 makore akauya munyika Giacomo puccini, tenzi mukurusa weItaly opera. Vatsoropodzi vakanga vasingabvumirani mukuongorora basa rake. Vamwe vakadaidza mimhanzi yake kuti ishuga, yakareruka, isingakodzeri kutora nzvimbo pakati pemitambo yepasirose yemitambo. Vamwe vaimuona seasina hunhu uye kunyange "ane nyota yeropa". Uye veruzhinji chete vaigara vachiyemura hunyanzvi hwake. Nguva yakaisa zvese munzvimbo yayo uye nhasi maopera ePuccini anogara aripo mune repertoire rondedzero yedzimba dzese dzeopera munyika.

30 December 1904 makore akaberekwa Dmitry Kabalevsky, munyori wenziyo, mudzidzisi mukuru wenziyo, mudzidzisi akatanhamara, munhu asinganeti paruzhinji. Akanyora munenge marudzi ese, achipa madingindira evechidiki. Akakwezva veruzhinji nenzira dzese kumatambudziko edzidzo yeaesthetic yevana nevechidiki uye akagadzira pfungwa yakazara yedzidzo yemimhanzi, iyo yakaumba hwaro hwechikoro chemimhanzi kosi.

Mitambo yekutanga yaiita kuti vanhu vataure nezvavo

Musi waDecember 9, nemusiyano wemakore matanhatu chaiwo, zviitiko zviviri zvakaitika izvo zvakava shanduko munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeRussia. Muna 6, mutambo wekutanga we 1836st yenyika opera, A Life for the Tsar naMikhail Glinka mukuru, yakaitwa paMariinsky Theatre. Uye muna 1, pazuva rimwechete tenzi wechipiri Opera, Ruslan uye Lyudmila, yakaitika pachikuva.

Mushure mekutanga kwemutambo wekutanga, Emperor Nicholas I akapa Glinka mhete yake yedhaimani sechiratidzo chekutendera kwake kukuru. Zita rekutanga re opera "Ivan Susanin" rakaramba riripo kusvika pakatanga, asi rakashandurwa kuva "Hupenyu hweTsar" pakukumbira kwemunyori nemvumo yemukuru wenyika. Zvadaro, zita racho rakadzoserwa, sezvo yechipiri shanduro yakanga isingaenderani nemweya wechidiki weSoviet state, uye zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kuisa opera pazvikamu zveopera zveU.SR nayo.

Rwiyo rwekutanga rwaBayan kubva kune opera "Ruslan naLyudmila" naMI Glinka

Iyo yekutanga ye "Ruslan" yakanga isinganyanyi kunakidza. Nechiito chechishanu, mhuri yamambo yakanga yasiya bhokisi, uye dare rakatevera. Pakupedzisira, vateereri havana kuombera vachibvumirana, sezvakataura munyori pachake. Zvakangodaro, opera yakamhanya kwemitambo makumi matatu nemaviri mumwaka wayo wekutanga. Sezvineiwo, wakaitirwa muParis, mutambo uyu wakaridzwa zvakaenzana nhamba dzenguva.

Muna December, chete kare muna 1892, paiva neimwe inokosha premiere. Pana 18, Pyotr Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker yakaunzwa kuvanhu kekutanga pachikuva cheMariinsky Theatre. Basa rekugadzirwa kweiyi dhizaini rakaitwa mukubatana pamwe neanozivikanwa choreographer Marius Petipa, uyo akapa munyori mazano akadzama maererano nemhando yemimhanzi. Kutsoropodza kwakasanganiswa, asi nanhasi bhareti ndiyo inonyanya kudiwa neruzhinji.

Rwiyo rwechipiri rwaBayan kubva kune opera "Ruslan naLyudmila" naMI Glinka

Munyori - Victoria Denisova