Chords mumimhanzi nemhando dzadzo

Musoro wekuburitswa kwanhasi imhanzi. Tichataura pamusoro pekuti chord chii uye kuti ndeapi marudzi emakoridhi aripo.

Chord ikonsonanti yemazwi akati wandei (kubva kutatu kana kupfuura) ane hukama kune rimwe chinhambwe, ndiko kuti, pane dzimwe nguva. Chii chinonzi consonance? Consonance inzwi rinogara pamwe chete. Konsonanti yakapfava ndiyo nhanho, mhando dzekonzonenzi dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzakasiyana siyana.

Izwi rokuti "consonance" rinogona kufananidzwa nezwi rokuti "nyeredzi". Mumapoka enyeredzi, nyeredzi dzinoverengeka dziri munzvimbo dzakasiyana kubva kune imwe neimwe. Kana ukazvibatanidza, unogona kuwana maratidziro emifananidzo yemhuka kana magamba engano. Zvakafanana munziyo, kubatanidzwa kwemanzwi kunopa makonzonenzi emamwe makonzo.

Chii chinonzi chords?

Kuti uwane chord, unofanirwa kubatanidza matinhi matatu kana kupfuura. Rudzi rwechord rwunoenderana nekuti manzwi mangani akabatanidzwa pamwechete, uye kuti akabatana sei (panguva dzipi).

Munziyo dzechinyakare, manzwi mumakodhi akarongwa muzvikamu zvitatu. Chord umo manzwi matatu akarongwa muzvikamu zvitatu anonzi triad. Kana iwe ukarekodha matatu nemanotsi, ipapo iyo graphic inomiririra yeiyi chord ichanyanya kufanana nediki chando.

Kana consonance iri manzwi mana, zvakare akaparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe nechetatu; zvobva zvabuda yechinomwe chord. Zita rokuti “chinomwe chord” rinoreva izvozvo pakati pemanzwi akanyanyisa echord, nguva ye "septim" inoumbwa. Mukurekodha, chord yechinomwe zvakare "snowman", kwete chete kubva kune matatu snowballs, asi kubva mana.

kana muchord mune manzwi mashanu akabatana nezvikamu zvitatuyobva yanzi non-chord (maererano nepakati "nona" pakati pezvibodzwa zvayo zvakanyanyisa). Zvakanaka, mimhanzi yemhanzi yakadaro ichatipa "snowman", iyo, inoratidzika, yakadya karoti yakawanda, nokuti yakakura kusvika mashanu echando!

Triad, yechinomwe chord uye nonchord ndiwo marudzi makuru emakodhi anoshandiswa mumhanzi. Nekudaro, iyi nhevedzano inogona kuenderera mberi nemamwe mawirirano, ayo anoumbwa zvinoenderana neiyo musimboti, asi anoshandiswa zvishoma kazhinji. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira undecimacchord (manzwi matanhatu nezvikamu zvitatu), tertsdecimacchord (manzwi manomwe nezvikamu zvitatu), quintdecimacchord (6 inonzwika nezvikamu zvitatu). Zvinoda kuziva kuti kana iwe ukavaka chetatu chegumi chegumi kana yechishanu chord kubva pachinoti "ita", ivo vanozosanganisira ese nhanho nomwe dzechiyero chemimhanzi (do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si) .

Saka, mhando huru dzemakodhi mumhanzi ndeaya anotevera:

• Mutatu - ruzha rwemanzwi matatu akarongwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvinoratidzwa nemubatanidzwa wenhamba 5 ne3 (53);
• Seventh chord - kurira kwemanzwi mana muzvikamu zvitatu, pakati pekunyanya kunzwika kwechinomwe, kunoratidzwa nenhamba 7;
• Nonaccord -mutsindo wemanzwi mashanu muzvikamu zvitatu, pakati pemanzwi akanyanyisa ekuti asiri, unoratidzwa nenhamba 9.

Non-tertz chimiro chords

Mumimhanzi yemazuva ano, munhu anogona kazhinji kuwana chords umo manzwi anowanikwa kwete muzvikamu zvitatu, asi mune dzimwe nguva - kazhinji muzvikamu zvina kana zvishanu. Semuyenzaniso, kubva pakubatanidzwa kwezvikamu zviviri, iyo inonzi inonzi quarter-seventh chord inoumbwa (inoratidzwa nemubatanidzwa wenhamba 7 ne4) nechinomwe pakati pemanzwi akanyanyisa.

Kubva pakubata kwezvikamu zviviri muzvishanu, unogona kuwana quint-chords (inoratidzwa nenhamba 9 ne5), pachava nechinguva chisiri chepakati pakati peinzwi rezasi nepamusoro.

Classical tertsovye chords inonzwika yakapfava, inowirirana. Makondori eiyo isiri-tertzian chimiro ane ruzha rusina chinhu, asi ane ruvara rwakanyanya. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei machords aya akakodzera apo kugadzirwa kwemifananidzo isinganzwisisike yemumhanzi inodiwa.

Semuenzaniso, ngatifonerei Prelude "Sunken Cathedral" nemunyori wechiFrench Claude Debussy. Empty chords of five and fours pano inobatsira kugadzira mufananidzo wekufamba kwemvura uye kutaridzika kweiyo yengano kathedral isingaonekwe mukati mezuva, ichikwira kubva pamusoro pemvura yegungwa chete husiku. Machords mamwe chetewo anoita seanoburitsa kurira kwemabhero nekurova kwewachi pakati pehusiku.

Mumwe muenzaniso - chidimbu chepiyano nemumwe muimbi wechiFrench Maurice Ravel "Gallows" kubva kutenderera "Ghosts of the Night". Pano, zvinorema quint-chords ingori nzira chaiyo yekupenda mufananidzo wakasviba.

Masumbu kana masumbu echipiri

Kusvikira ikozvino, tataura chete idzo consonances dzinosanganisira consonances emhando dzakasiyana-siyana - chetatu, chechina uye chechishanu. Asi consonances inogonawo kuvakwa kubva kunguva-dissonances, kusanganisira kubva kumasekonzi.

Anonzi masumbu anoumbwa kubva kumasekonzi. Dzimwe nguva anonziwo masumbu echipiri. (mufananidzo wavo wakajeka unoyeuchidza chaizvo boka remamwe mabriji - semuenzaniso, gomo regomo kana mazambiringa).

Kazhinji masumbu anoratidzwa mumimhanzi kwete muchimiro che "kuparadzira manotsi", asi seakazadzwa kana asina chinhu rectangles ari padanda. Dzinofanirwa kunzwisiswa sezvizvi: zvinyorwa zvose zvinoridzwa (makiyi epiyano machena kana madema zvichienderana nemuvara wesumbu, dzimwe nguva zvose zviri zviviri) mukati memiganhu yerectangle iyi.

Muenzaniso wemasumbu akadaro unogona kuonekwa mukati piano chidimbu "Festive" nemuimbi wekuRussia Leyla Ismagilova.

Masumbu kazhinji haarondedzerwe semakodzi. Chikonzero cheizvi ndicho chinotevera. Zvinoitika kuti mune chero chord, ruzha rwega rwezvikamu zvarwo runofanira kunzwika zvakanaka. Ruzha rwupi norwupi rwakadaro runogona kusiyaniswa nokunzwa panguva ipi neipi yoruzha uye, somuenzaniso, kuimba mamwe manzwi asara anoumba nzwimbo, nepo isu tisingazovhiringidzwi. Muzvisumbu zvakasiyana, nekuti manzwi avo ese anobatana kuita imwe nzvimbo ine mavara, uye hazvigoneke kunzwa chero ipi zvayo zvakasiyana.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzematatu, yechinomwe chords uye nonchords

Classical chords ine marudzi akawanda. Kune marudzi mana chete ematatu, yechinomwe chords - 16, asi 7 chete ndiyo yakagadziriswa mukuita, panogona kunge paine zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zveasiri-chords (64), asi ayo anoshandiswa nguva dzose anogona zvakare kuverengerwa paminwe (4-5).

Tichapa nyaya dzakasiyana mukuwongorora kwakadzama kwemhando dzevatatu uye yechinomwe chords mune ramangwana, asi ikozvino tichavapa chete tsananguro pfupi.

Asi kutanga, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti nei kune akasiyana marudzi echords zvachose? Sezvatakamboona, nguva dzenziyo dzinoshanda se“chivako” chemhanzi. Aya ndiwo marudzi ezvidhinha, kubva kune iyo "kuvaka kwechord" inobva yawanikwa.

Asi iwe unoyeukawo kuti nguva dzepakati dzinewo marudzi akawanda, dzinogona kuva dzakafara kana dzakamanikana, asiwo dzakachena, huru, duku, dzakaderedzwa, etc. Chimiro chepakati-chidhina chinoenderana nemhando uye uwandu hunokosha. Uye kubva pane zvipi zvenguva dzatinovaka (uye iwe unogona kuvaka chords kubva panguva dzakafanana uye dzakasiyana), zvinoenderana nerudzii rwechord, pakupedzisira, isu tichawana.

Saka, triad ine 4 mhando. Inogona kunge yakakura (kana yakakura), idiki (kana diki), yakaderedzwa kana kuwedzera.

1. Hombe (huru) katatu inoratidzwa nebhii guru B nekuwedzera kwenhamba 5 ne3 (B53). Inosanganisira chetatu chikuru uye chidiki, muhurongwa uhu: chekutanga, chetatu chikuru chiri pazasi, uye mudiki anovakwa pamusoro payo.
2. Diki (diki) katatu inoratidzwa nebhii guru M nekuwedzera kwenhamba dzakafanana (M53). Mutatu muduku, pane zvinopesana, anotanga nechetatu duku, iyo yakakura inowedzerwa pamusoro.
3. Augmented triad yakawanikwa nekubatanidza zvikamu zviviri zvikuru muzvitatu, zvakadimburirwa se – Uv.53.
4. Yakaderedzwa katatu inoumbwa nekubatanidza zvikamu zviduku zviviri muzvitatu, zita rayo ndiUm.53.

Mumuenzaniso unotevera, unogona kuona marudzi ese akarongwa ematatu akavakwa kubva pane zvinyorwa "mi" uye "fa":

Kune marudzi manomwe makuru echinomwe chords. (7 kubva pagumi). Mazita avo anoumbwa nezvinhu zviviri: yekutanga imhando yechinomwe pakati pemanzwi akanyanyisa (inogona kuva yakakura, duku, yakaderedzwa kana kuwedzera); yechipiri imhando yevatatu, iyo iri pasi pechinomwe chord (ndiko kuti, rudzi rwevatatu, iyo inoumbwa kubva pamanzwi matatu epasi).

Somuenzaniso, zita rokuti "diki diki rechinomwe" rinofanira kunzwisiswa sezvizvi: iyi chord yechinomwe ine chikamu chiduku chechinomwe pakati pebhesi uye ruzha rwepamusoro, uye mukati maro mune katatu.

Saka, 7 mhando huru dzechinomwe chords inogona kurangarirwa nyore nyore seizvi - zvitatu zvadzo zvichave zvakakura, zvitatu - zviduku, uye imwe - zvakaderedzwa:

1. Mukuru mukuru wechinomwe chord - chikuru chechinomwe + chikuru chetatu pachigadziko (B.mazh.7);
2. Major minor yechinomwe chord - chikuru chechinomwe pamicheto + minor triad pazasi (B.min.7);
3. Grand augmented yechinomwe chord - chikamu chikuru chechinomwe pakati pemanzwi akanyanyisa + kuwedzera kwevatatu kuumba manzwi matatu ezasi kubva kumabhesi (B.uv.7);
4. Diki huru yechinomwe chord - diki yechinomwe pamwe chete nemicheto + mikuru mitatu munheyo (M.mazh.7);
5. Diki minor yechinomwe chord - chikamu chiduku chechinomwe chinoumbwa nekurira kwakanyanyisa + katatu kadiki inowanikwa kubva kune matatu ezasi toni (M. min. 7);
6. Diki yakaderedzwa yechinomwe chord - diki yechinomwe + katatu mukati yakaderera (M.um.7);
7. Yakaderedzwa yechinomwe chord - yechinomwe pakati pebass uye inzwi repamusoro rakaderedzwa + triad mukati inoderedzwawo (Um.7).

Muenzaniso wemumhanzi unoratidza mhando dzakarongwa dzechinomwe chords, dzakavakwa kubva mukurira kwe "re" uye "munyu":

Kana ari asiri-chords, anofanirwa kudzidzwa kusiyanisa, kunyanya neayo hapana. Sezvo mutemo, kwete-chords inoshandiswa chete nediki kana guru chinyorwa. Mukati mechinhu chisiri chord, chokwadika, chinodiwa kukwanisa kusiyanisa rudzi rwechinomwe nerudzi rwevatatu.

pakati common nonchords sanganisira zvinotevera (zvishanu pamwe chete):

• Grand major nonchord - ine nona huru, yechinomwe huru uye triad huru (B.mazh.9);
• Major diki nonchord - ine nona hombe, yechinomwe hombe uye diki katatu (B.min.9);
• Big augmented nonchord - ine yakakura isiri, huru yechinomwe uye yakawedzera katatu (B.uv.9);
• Diki huru nonchord - ine diki isiri, diki yechinomwe uye huru triad (M.mazh.9);
• Diki duku nonchord - ine nona duku, duku yechinomwe uye duku katatu (M. min. 9).

Mumuenzaniso unotevera wemumhanzi, aya asiri-chords anovakwa kubva kune manzwi ekuti "ita" uye "re":

Shanduko - nzira yekuwana mitsva

Kubva pamakorori makuru anoshandiswa mumhanzi, ndiko kuti, maererano nekuronga kwedu - kubva kune zvitatu, zvechinomwe chords uye nonchords - unogona kuwana mamwe maitiro nekushandura. Isu takatotaura pamusoro pekushandurwa kwezvikamu, apo, semugumisiro wekugadzirisazve manzwi avo, nguva itsva inowanikwa. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune chords. Chord inversions inoitwa, kunyanya, nekufambisa ruzha rwepasi (bass) octave kumusoro.

Saka, triad inogona kudzoserwa kaviri, mukufamba kwekukwidza nyaya, tichagamuchira makonzonenzi matsva - sextant uye quartz sextant. Chitanhatu chords inotaridzwa nenhamba 6, quarter-sext chords - nenhamba mbiri (6 ne4).

Semuyenzaniso, ngatitorei mutatu kubva kumanzwi ekuti “d-fa-la” toita inversion yayo. Isu tinotamisa ruzha rwe "re" neoctave kumusoro uye tinowana consonance "fa-la-re" - iyi ndiyo yechitanhatu chord yetatu iyi. Tevere, ngatisimudzei ruzha rwekuti “fa” kumusoro, tinowana “la-re-fa” – quadrant-sextakcord yevatatu. Kana isu tikabva tafambisa inzwi "la" an octave yakakwirira, saka tichadzokera zvakare kune zvatakasiya - kune yekutanga triad "d-fa-la". Nekudaro, isu tine chokwadi chekuti triad ine mbiri chete inversion.

Yechinomwe chords ine zvikumbiro zvitatu - quintsextachord, yechitatu kota chord uye yechipiri chord, musimboti wekushandiswa kwavo wakafanana. Kuti utaridze cheshanu-sext chords, musanganiswa wenhamba 6 ne5 inoshandiswa, yechitatu kota chords - 4 uye 3, yechipiri chords inoratidzwa nenhamba 2.

Semuenzaniso, yakapihwa chord yechinomwe "do-mi-sol-si". Ngatiite zvese zvinogoneka inversions uye titore zvinotevera: quintsextakkord "mi-sol-si-do", yechitatu kota chord "sol-si-do-mi", yechipiri chord "si-do-mi-sol".

Inversions yematatu uye yechinomwe chords inoshandiswa kazhinji mumhanzi. Asi inversions yeasiri-chords kana chords, umo mune mamwe manzwi, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kashoma (zvinenge zvisati zvamboitika), saka hatizozvifunga pano, kunyangwe zvisiri zvakaoma kuzviwana uye kuvapa zita (ese maererano neshoko rimwechete rekufambisa bass).

Zvinhu zviviri zvechord - chimiro uye basa

Chero chord inogona kutariswa nenzira mbiri. Kutanga, iwe unogona kuivaka kubva kune ruzha uye unofunga nezvayo zvimiro, ndiko kuti, zvinoenderana neinopindirana kuumbwa. Iyi misimboti yezvimiro inonyatso kuratidzwa muzita rakasarudzika rechord - hombe katatu, hombe diki yechinomwe chord, diki yechina chord, nezvimwe.

Nezita, tinonzwisisa kuti tingavaka sei ichi kana icho chord kubva kune ruzha rwakapihwa uye chii chichava "mukati memukati" yeiyi chord. Uye, funga iwe, hapana chinotitadzisa kuvaka chero chord kubva kune chero ruzha.

Chechipiri, chords inogona kutariswa pamatanho echiyero chikuru kana chidiki. Muchiitiko ichi, kuumbwa kwechords kunokonzerwa zvikuru nemhando yemodhi, zviratidzo zvekiyi.

Saka, semuenzaniso, mune imwe nzira huru (regai ive C huru), mitatu mikuru inowanikwa chete pamatanho matatu - yekutanga, yechina uye yechishanu. Pamatanho asara, zvinokwanisika kuvaka chete madiki kana mashoma matatu matatu.

Saizvozvo, mudiki (semuenzaniso, ngatitorei C mudiki) - madiki matatu matatu achange ari padanho rekutanga, rechina nerechishanu, pane imwe yese zvinokwanisika kuwana yakakura kana kudzikiswa.

Icho chokwadi chekuti mamwe marudzi emhando chete anogona kuwanikwa pamadhigirii makuru kana madiki, uye kwete chero (pasina zvirambidzo) chinhu chekutanga che "hupenyu" hwezviyero maererano nekushushikana.

Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti chords inowana basa (kureva, rimwe basa, zvinoreva) uye rimwezve rekuwedzera zita. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nekuti iyo chord yakavakirwa pairi degree. Semuenzaniso, triad uye yechinomwe chords yakavakirwa padanho rekutanga ichanzi triad kana yechinomwe chords yedanho rekutanga kana tonic triads (tonic yechinomwe chords), sezvavanomiririra "tonic forces", kureva kuti, ivo vachareva yekutanga. step.

Zvitatu uye mitsara yechinomwe yakavakirwa pachinhanho chechishanu, icho chinodaidzwa kuti chikuru, chichanzi chinotonga (dominant triad, dominant chord yechinomwe). Padanho rechina, subdominant triad uye yechinomwe chords inovakwa.

Ichi chechipiri pfuma yemakodhi, ndiko kuti, kukwanisa kuita rimwe basa, inogona kufananidzwa nebasa remutambi mune imwe timu yemitambo, semuenzaniso, muchikwata chenhabvu. Vese vatambi muchikwata vatambi venhabvu, asi vamwe varindi, vamwe varidzi vepakati kana vepakati, uyezve vamwe vanorwisa, uye mumwe nemumwe anoita rake chete, rakanyatsotsanangurwa basa.

Chord mabasa haafanire kuvhiringwa nemazita ezvimiro. Somuenzaniso, chord yechinomwe inotonga mutsinhirano muchimiro chayo irwonzi duku guru rechinomwe, uye chondo chechinomwe chenhanho yechipiri kambo kaduku kechinomwe. Asi izvi hazvirevi zvachose kuti chord duku ipi neipi huru yechinomwe inogona kuenzaniswa nechord yechinomwe inotonga. Uye izvi zvakare hazvirevi kuti imwe imwe chord mukugadzirisa haigoni kuita sechinhu chikuru chechinomwe - somuenzaniso, chiduku chiduku kana chikuru chakawedzerwa.

Saka, munyaya yanhasi, takatarisa mhando huru dzemakonzonenzi enziyo akaomarara - chords nemasumbu, akabata pamusoro penyaya dzekusarudzika kwavo (chords with terts and non-terts structure), akatsanangura inversions uye akaona mativi maviri makuru echord. - maitiro uye anoshanda. Muzvinyorwa zvinotevera tichaenderera mberi tichidzidza makodhi, nyatsotarisa mhando dzematatu uye yechinomwe chord, pamwe chete nekuratidzwa kwadzo kwekutanga mukuwirirana. Ramba wakatarisa!

Mimhanzi kumbomira! Papiyano - Denis Matsuev.

Jean Sibelius - Etude mune A diki Op. 76 kwete. 2.