Vatauri venyaya |
Vatambi venhau - vatambi ve epics, epic ballads uye ekutanga nhoroondo. nziyo. Izwi rokuti "S." ane nar. mavambo, akaumbwa kubva pashoko rechiito rokuti “kuti”; inoratidza maitiro akasiyana ekuita kwechigadzirwa. mhando dzengano dzakanyorwa. Kuchamhembe kweRussia, vaimbi veiyo epic vainziwo "vatori venhau", "vekare". S. vaiwanzova varimi (vose varume nevakadzi). Muchivanhu, shoko rokuti “S.” yakapinda Ser. 19th yezana nekuda kwebasa raPN Rybnikov uye AF Gilferding. S. panguva yekufarirwa kweRussia. epic (10-16 mazana emakore) pakanga paine vese vasiri nyanzvi uye nyanzvi - vaimbi muzvikwata, kumatare emuchinda, buffoons, etc. Kubva kuma60s. Muzana remakore rechi19, apo epic yakatanga kunyorwa zvakarongeka, nyanzvi dzeS.
S. akashandisa imwe, yakawanda 2-3 yechinyakare. recitative tunes uye akazvishandisa zvisinei nezviri mukati mezvinyorwa zvebasa. Hunhu hwaS hwakaratidzwa mukusarudzwa kwega kwega kwenhetembo. kutaura kwechinyorwa chemashoko, mukusiyanisa mutinhimira, zvikamu, mukumisikidza kutevedzana kwezvikamu, uye, pakupedzisira, muS. repertoire pachayo. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekuratidzwa kwemusimboti wega mubasa reS., folklorists (vachitevera Soviet folklorist AM Astakhova) vanosiyanisa: vatapi venhau vanovavarira kudhindisa kwakanyatso kurongeka kwezvavanenge vatora (IT Ryabinin, B. Surikov, yechipiri hafu ye zana remakore rechi2); S., vanogadzira zvinyorwa zvavo uye shanduro (TG Ryabinin - pakati pezana remakore rechi19, NS Bogdanova, AM Pashkova - pakupera kwe19 - kutanga kwezana remakore rechi19); S. improvisers, avo nguva imwe neimwe vanopa chirongwa nenzira itsva (VP Shchegolyonok - kupera kwezana remakore rechi20, MS Kryukova - 19th century). Pasi pesimba reS. ane tarenda kwazvo, zvikoro zveko zvakamuka (Onega, White Sea, Pechora, Mezen, nevamwe), uye shure kwavo, tsika dzemunharaunda dzakawedzera. Pakati peakakurumbira S. Rus. Chamhembe - TG Ryabinin, AM Kryukova, GL Kryukov, MD Krivopolenova, AP Sorokin, HS Bogdanova, GA Yakushov, FA Konashkov. Kuita mukurumbira basa reS. kubva kuma20s. 80th yezana yakaronga mitambo yavo yeruzhinji mumaguta makuru eRussia neZap. Europe.
Vatori vekutanga nevaongorori veNar. iyo epic yakabata chete nhanho yekupedzisira yehupenyu hwayo hunoshanda (pakati pezana ramakore rechi 19) - kunyanya kuchamhembe. kunze kweRussia uye, kusvika pamwero muduku, muSiberia. Panguva ino, kumaodzanyemba kweRussia, munharaunda yeCossack, epics yakashandurwa kuva nziyo dzepic, dzakaitwa nekwaya kuimba nziyo.
S. dzimwe nguva inonzi. vatambi veEpic yevamwe vanhu veUSSR - Kazakh, Zhirshi, Turkmen. Bakhshi, Yakuts, Olonkhosutov, etc.
References: Rybnikov PN, Chiziviso chemuunganidzi, muunganidzwa: Nziyo dzakaunganidzwa naPN Rybnikov, chikamu 3 - Folk epics, zvekare, kushanya uye nziyo, Petrozavodsk, 1864, vol. 1, M., 1909; Hilferding A., Olonets province uye vanhu vayo rhapsody, muunganidzwa: Onega epics, yakanyorwa naAF Hilferding muzhizha ra1871, St. Petersburg, 1873; Lyatsky E., Narrator IT Ryabinin uye epics yake, "Ethnographic Review", 1894, bhuku. 23, No4, p. 105-35; Miller Zuva. F., Essays pamabhuku echiRussian folk, vol. 1, M., 1897; Arkhangelsk epics uye nziyo dzenhoroondo dzakaunganidzwa naAD Grigoriev muna 1899-1901, vol. 1, M., 1904, p. 333-91 (nemapepa enziyo); Onchukov N., Pechora epics, St. Petersburg, 1904, p. I-XXXIII; Speransky M., Russian oral literature, vol. 2 – Epics. Nziyo dzenhoroondo, ed. uye nenoti. M. Speransky, M., 1919, p. VII-XX; Sokolov B., Narrators, M., 1924; Sokolov Yu. M., ngano yeRussia, M., 1938, p. 232-46; Astakhova A., Epic kusika kwevarimi vekuchamhembe, muunganidzwa: Epics of the North, vol. 1, M.-L., 1938, p. 7-105; yake pachake, epic epic yeRussia kuChamhembe, Petrozavodsk, 1948; Ukhov PD, Byliny, muunganidzwa: Russian folk poetic kusika, M., 1956, p. 350-56.
I. Ya. Lesenchuk
