Isaac Albéniz |

Isaac albeniz

Mumhanzi wepamusoro uye unoshamisa weAlbeniz unogona kufananidzwa nekapu yakazadzwa kusvika kumuromo newaini yakachena, inodziya nezuva reMediterranean. F. Pedrel

Zita raI. Albeniz harina kuparadzaniswa kubva kune nzira itsva yemimhanzi yeSpain Renacimiento, iyo yakasimuka pakupera kwezana remakore rechi10-6. Mufuridziri weiri sangano akanga ari F. Pedrel, uyo akatsigira kumutsidzirwa kwetsika yorudzi rweSpain. Albéniz naE. Granados vakagadzira mienzaniso yekutanga yemimhanzi mitsva yeSpain, uye basa raM. de Falla rakava guru rechiitiko ichi. Renacimiento yakagamuchira hupenyu hwese hwehunyanzvi hwenyika. Yakapindwa nevanyori, vanyori, vanyori: R. Valle-Inklan, X. Jimenez, A. Machado, R. Pidal, M. Unamuno. Albéniz akaberekwa makiromita 1868 kubva kumuganhu weFrance. Mano emumhanzi akasarudzika akamubvumira kuita nehanzvadzi yake huru Clementine mukonzati yeruzhinji muBarcelona aine makore mana. Yaiva kubva kuhanzvadzi yake kuti mukomana akawana ruzivo rwekutanga pamusoro pemimhanzi. Pazera remakore XNUMX, Albeniz, achiperekedzwa naamai vake, akaenda kuParis, kwaakatora zvidzidzo zvepiyano kubva kuna Purofesa A. Marmontel. Muna XNUMX, rwiyo rwekutanga rwemuimbi wechidiki, "Mauto Kurume" wepiyano, rwakaburitswa muMadrid.

Muna 1869, mhuri yakatamira kuMadrid, uye mukomana akapinda muimba yekudzidzira mukirasi yeM. Mendisabal. Pazera ramakore gumi, Albeniz anotiza pamba achitsvaga rwendo. MuCadiz, anosungwa ndokutumirwa kuvabereki vake, asi Albeniz anokwanisa kukwira chikepe chinoenda kuSouth America. MuBuenos Aires, anotungamira hupenyu huzere nematambudziko, kudzamara mumwe wevagari vemunyika yake amurongera makonti akati wandei muArgentina, Uruguay neBrazil.

Mushure mekuenda kuCuba neU.SA, uko Albeniz, kuitira kuti arege kufa nenzara, anoshanda pachiteshi, jaya rinosvika kuLeipzig, kwaanodzidza panzvimbo yekuchengetedza mukirasi yeS. Jadasson (kuumbwa) uye mune kirasi yaK. Reinecke (piano). Mune ramangwana, akavandudza paBrussels Conservatory - imwe yeakanakisa muEurope, mupiyano naL. Brassin, uye mukugadzirwa naF. Gevaart.

Pesvedzero huru pana Albeniz yakanga iri musangano wake naF. Liszt muBudapest, uko muimbi weSpain akasvika. Liszt akabvuma kutungamira Albeniz, uye izvi chete zvaive kuongororwa kwetarenda rake. Mune 80s - kutanga 90s. Albeniz anotungamira basa rinoshanda uye rakabudirira rekonzati, nzendo munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope (Germany, England, France) uye America (Mexico, Cuba). Kubwinya kwake pianism kunokwezva vemazuva ano nekupenya kwayo uye virtuoso scope. Vepanhau vekuSpain vakabvumirana kumudaidza kuti "Spanish Rubinstein". "Achiimba zvake, Albéniz aiyeuchidza Rubinstein," Pedrel akanyora.

Kutanga muna 1894, munyori wacho aigara muParis, kwaakavandudza manyorero ake nevanyori veFrance vane mukurumbira vakadai saP. Dukas naV. d'Andy. Anotanga hukama hwepedyo naC. Debussy, ane unhu hwekusika hwakanyanya kupesvedzera Albeniz, mimhanzi yake yemakore achangopfuura. Mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, Albéniz akatungamira sangano reRenacimiento, achiziva misimboti yekunaka yaPedrel mubasa rake. Mabasa akanakisa emunyori mienzaniso yechokwadi yenyika uye panguva imwechete yepakutanga maitiro. Albeniz anotendeukira kunziyo dzakakurumbira nemhando dzekutamba (malagena, sevillana), achidzokorora mumhanzi hunhu hwematunhu akasiyana eSpain. Mimhanzi yake yese yakazara nemanzwi evanhu uye matauriro ekutaura.

Pamusoro penhaka huru yemunyori weAlbeniz (comic and lyric operas, zarzuela, inoshandira orchestra, manzwi), mimhanzi yepiyano yakakosha zvikuru. Kukwezva kungano dzemumhanzi weSpanish, idzi "goridhe dhipoziti yeunyanzvi hwevanhu", semashoko emunyori, aive nesimba rakasimba pakukura kwake kwekugadzira. Muzvinyorwa zvake zvepiyano, Albéniz anoshandisa zvakanyanya zvinhu zvemumhanzi wevanhu, achizvisanganisa nehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwekunyora kwemunyori. Mukugadzirwa kwepiyano, unogona kazhinji kunzwa kurira kwezviridzwa zvevanhu - ngoma, bagpipes, kunyanya magitare. Achishandisa mutinhimira wenziyo nemhando dzekutamba dzeCastile, Aragon, Basque Country uye kunyanya kazhinji Andalusia, Albeniz haawanzo kuzviisa kune yakananga quotation yematema echivanhu. Nziyo dzake dzepamusoro: "Spanish Suite", suite "Spain" op. 165, kutenderera "Spanish tunes" op. 232, kutenderera kwezvikamu gumi nembiri "Iberia" (12-1905) - mienzaniso yemimhanzi yehunyanzvi yegwara idzva, uko hwaro hwenyika hunosanganiswa pamwe nekubudirira kwehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi yemazuva ano.

V. Ilyeva

Isaac Albeniz akararama sedutu, asina kugadzikana, neshungu dzose dzerudo akazvipira kubasa rake raaida. Hudiki hwake uye hudiki hwakafanana neinofadza yerwendo rutsva. Kubva pazera remakore mana, Albeniz akatanga kudzidzira kuridza piyano. Vakaedza kumugovera kuParis, ipapo kuMadrid Conservatory. Asi pazera remakore mapfumbamwe, mukomana anotiza pamba, anotamba mumakonzati. Anoendeswa kumusha ndokutizazve, panguva ino achienda kuSouth America. Albéniz panguva iyoyo aiva nemakore gumi nemaviri; akaramba achiita. Makore akatevera anopfuura zvisina kuenzana: aine mwero wakasiyana-siyana webudiriro, Albeniz akatamba mumaguta eAmerica, England, Germany, uye Spain. Mukati menzendo dzake, akatora zvidzidzo mudzidziso yekuumbwa (kubva kuna Carl Reinecke, Solomon Jadasson muLeipzig, kubva kuFrancois Gevaart kuBrussels).

Musangano naLiszt muna 1878 - Albeniz aive aine makore gumi nemasere - aive achifunga nezveramangwana rake. Kwemakore maviri akaperekedza Liszt kwose kwose, achiva mudzidzi wake wepedyo zvikuru.

Kukurukurirana naLiszt kwakave nekukanganisa kukuru paAlbeniz, kwete chete maererano nemimhanzi, asi zvakanyanya - zvakajairika tsika, tsika. Anoverenga zvakanyanya (vanyori vaanofarira ndiTurgenev naZola), achiwedzera maitiro ake ehunyanzvi. Liszt, uyo aikoshesa zvikuru kuratidzwa kwenheyo yenyika mumimhanzi uye saka akapa rubatsiro rwakanyanya rwetsika kune vanyori vekuRussia (kubva kuGlinka kusvika kuThe Mighty Handful), uye Smetana, naGrieg, anomutsa hunhu hwenyika hwetarenda raAlbeniz. Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, pamwe chete nekuridza piano, anozvipirawo kuumba.

Mushure mekunatsiridza pasi paLiszt, Albéniz akazova piano pamwero mukuru. The heyday yemitambo yake yekonzati inowira pamakore 1880-1893. Panguva ino, kubva kuBarcelona, ​​​​kwaaigara kare, Albeniz akatamira kuFrance. Muna 1893, Albeniz akarwara zvakaipisisa, uye gare gare chirwere chacho chakaita kuti arare. Akafa aine makore makumi mana nemapfumbamwe.

Nhaka yekugadzira yeAlbéniz yakakura - ine zvinyorwa zvinenge mazana mashanu, izvo zvinenge mazana matatu ndezve pianoforte; pakati pevamwe - operas, symphonic works, romances, nezvimwewo. Panyaya yekukosha kwehunyanzvi, nhaka yake haina kuenzana. Iyi nyanzvi huru, yakananga mirangariro yakanga isina pfungwa yokuzvidzora. Ainyora zviri nyore uye nekukurumidza, sokunge ari kuvandudza, asi aisakwanisa nguva dzose kuburitsa zvakakosha, kurasa zvakanyanyisa, uye kukundwa nepesvedzero dzakasiyana.

Saka, mumabasa ake ekutanga - pasi pesimba re castisismo - kune zvakawanda zvepamusoro, salon. Zvinhu izvi dzimwe nguva zvakachengetwa muzvinyorwa zvakazonyorwa gare gare. Uye heino mumwe muenzaniso: mumakore ekuma90, panguva yekukura kwake kwekusika, aine matambudziko makuru emari, Albeniz akabvuma kunyora akawanda maopera akatumwa nemumwe mupfumi wechiRungu akavagadzirira libretto; Sezvingatarisirwa, maopera aya haana kubudirira. Pakupedzisira, mumakore gumi nemashanu ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, Albéniz akapesvedzerwa nevamwe vanyori vechiFrench (pamusoro pezvose, shamwari yake, Paul Duc).

Uye zvakadaro mumabasa akanakisa eAlbéniz - uye kune akawanda awo! - hunhu hwake hwenyika-yekutanga hunonzwika zvakanyanya. Yakave yakanyatso zivikanwa mukutanga kwekutanga kutsvaga kwemunyori wechidiki - mu80s, ndiko kuti, kunyangwe isati yaburitswa yemanifesto yaPedrel.

Mabasa akanakisa eAlbéniz ndeaya anoratidza vanhu-yenyika chikamu chenziyo nekutamba, ruvara uye mamiriro eSpain. Aya, kunze kweashoma mabasa e orchestra, piyano zvidimbu zvakapihwa mazita ematunhu, mapurovhinzi, maguta nemisha yekumusha kwemunyori. (Albéniz's best zarzuela, Pepita Jiménez (1896), anofanirawo kutaurwa. Pedrel (Celestina, 1905), uye gare gare de Falla (Upenyu Hupfupi, 1913) akanyora mune iyi genus pamberi pake.). Izvi ndizvo zvakaunganidzwa "Spanish tunes", "Characteristic zvidimbu", "Spanish dance" kana masutu "Spain", "Iberia" (zita rekare reSpain), "Catalonia". Pakati pemazita emitambo ine mukurumbira yatinosangana nayo: "Cordoba", "Granada", "Seville", "Navarra", "Malaga", etc. Albeniz akapawo mitambo yake mazita ekutamba ("Seguidilla", "Malaguena", "Polo" nezvimwe).

Iyo yakanyanya kukwana uye inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana mubasa reAlbeniz yakagadzira Andalusian chimiro cheflamenco. Zvidimbu zvemunyori zvinosanganisira zvinowanzoitika zvemutinhimira, mutinhimira, uye kutsinhirana zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Muimbi ane rupo, akapa mumhanzi wake maficha erunako rwenyama:

Mune melodics, kutendeuka kwekumabvazuva kunowanzoshandiswa:

Achipeta kaviri manzwi muhurongwa hwakakura, Albeniz akadzokorora chimiro chekurira kwezviridzwa zvechivanhu:

Akanyatsoratidza mavambo egitare papiyano:

Kana tikacherechedzawo huchenjeri hwekunamata kwemharidzo uye mararamiro anorondedzera (anoenderana naSchumann naGrieg), zvinova pachena kukosha kukuru kunofanira kugoverwa kuna Albeniz munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeSpain.

M. Druskin

Rondedzero pfupi yezvinyorwa:

Piano inoshanda Spanish tunes (5 zvidimbu) "Spain" (6 "Album Sheets") Spanish suite (8 zvimedu) Hunhu zvidimbu (12 zvidimbu) 6 Spanish kutamba Chekutanga uye Chechipiri chekare masutu (10 zvidimbu) "Iberia", suite (12 zvidimbu muzvina zvinyorwa)

Orchestral inoshanda "Catalonia", suite

Operas uye zarzuelas “Magic Opal” (1893) “Saint Anthony” (1894) “Henry Clifford” (1895) “Pepita Jimenez” (1896) The King Arthur trilogy (Merlin, Lancelot, Ginevra, yekupedzisira isina kupera) (1897-1906)

Nziyo neRomances (anenge 15)