Scherzo |

ital. scherzo, lit. – joke

1) Mumakore 16-17. zita rinowanzozivikanwa rematatu-izwi canzonets, pamwe chete nemonophonic woks. inotamba pamagwaro emhando yekutamba, yenyambo. Samples - kubva kuC. Monteverdi ("Musical scherzos" ("jokes") - "Sherzi musicali, 1607), A. Brunelli (3 miunganidzwa ye1-5-musoro. scherzos, arias, canzonettes uye madrigals -" Scherzi, Arie, Canzonette e Madrigale”, 1613-14 uye 1616), B. Marini (“Scherzo and canzonettes for 1 and 2 voices” – “Scherzi e canzonette a 1 e 2 voci”, 1622). Kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi17 S. inovawo kusarudzwa kwe instr. chidimbu chiri pedyo ne capriccio. Vanyori vemimhanzi yakadaro vaiva A. Troilo (“Symphony, scherzo…” – “Sinfonie, scherzi”, 1608), I. Shenk (“Musical scherzos (majee)” – “Scherzi musicali” ye viola da gamba uye bass, 1700 ) . S. yakabatanidzwawo mu instr. suite; sechikamu chesuite-mhando yebasa, inowanikwa muJS Bach (Partita No 3 ye clavier, 1728).

2) Kubva con. Muzana remakore rechi18 chimwe chezvikamu (kazhinji 3rd) ye sonata-symphony. kutenderera - symphonies, sonatas, mashoma kazhinji makonti. Kune S. yakajairika saizi 3/4 kana 3/8, kukurumidza kukurumidza, shanduko yemahara yemimhanzi. pfungwa, kuunza chinhu chezvisingatarisirwi, kamwe kamwe uye kugadzira iyo S. genre ine chekuita ne capriccio. Sezvakaita burlesque, S. kazhinji inomiririra kutaura kwekuseka mumimhanzi - kubva kumutambo unonakidza, majee kusvika kune yakashata, uye kunyange kumufananidzo wemusango, wakaipa, wedhimoni. mifananidzo. S. inowanzonyorwa mune 3-chikamu fomu, umo S. yakakodzera uye kudzokorora kwayo kunopindirana netatu yekudzikama uye lyrical. hunhu, dzimwe nguva - muchimiro che rondo ine 2 decomp. vatatu. Mukutanga sonata-symphony. kutenderera chikamu chechitatu yaive minuet, mumabasa evanyori veViennese classic. chikoro, nzvimbo ye minuet yakatorwa zvishoma nezvishoma neS. Yakakura zvakananga kubva muminuet, umo maitiro e scherzoism akaonekwa uye akatanga kuonekwa zvakanyanya. Aya ndiwo maminetsi ekupedzisira sonata-symphonies. kutenderera kwaJ. Haydn, mamwe mapeji ekutanga eL. Beethoven (1st piano sonata). Sekududzwa kwechimwe chezvikamu zvekutenderera, izwi rekuti "S." J. Haydn ndiye akatanga kuishandisa mu "Russian quartets" (p. 33, No. 2-6, 1781), asi aya s. in essence yanga isati yasiyana kubva paminuet. Panguva yekutanga mukuumbwa kwerudzi, zita S. kana Scherzando dzimwe nguva raipfekwa nezvikamu zvekupedzisira zvemajini, akatsigirwa muhukuru hwakafanana. Classic type S. yakagadzirwa mubasa raL. Beethoven, to-ry yakanga ine sarudzo yakajeka yemhando iyi pane minuet. Yakanga yakatsunga kutaura. Zvinogoneka zveS., zvakapamhama mukuenzanisa neiyo minuet, inoganhurwa nehukuru. sphere yemifananidzo "yakasimba". Vakuru vakuru veS. sechikamu che sonata-symphony. kutenderera kuMadokero kwakazoitwa F. Schubert, uyo, zvisinei, pamwe naS. akashandisa minuet, F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, uyo akakwevera kune imwe chete, kunyanya chiedza uye airy scherzoism yakagadzirwa nengano, uye A. Bruckner. Muzana remakore rechi19 S. aiwanzoshandisa madingindira akakweretwa kubva kungano dzedzimwe nyika (F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy's Scottish Symphony, 1842). S. akagamuchira budiriro yakapfuma muRussia. symphonies. Rudzi rwenyika Kuitwa kwerudzi urwu kwakapihwa naAP Borodin (S. kubva ku2nd symphony), PI Tchaikovsky, uyo aisanganisira S. mune dzinenge dzese symphonies uye suites (chikamu chechitatu che 3th symphony haina kutaurwa. S. , asi muchidimbu ndeye S., izvo zvinosanganiswa pano nemaitiro ekufamba), AK Glazunov. S. ine zvakawanda. symphonies of owls composers - N. Ya. Myaskovsky, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich nevamwe.

3) Munguva yerudo, S. akazvimiririra. kuridza mumhanzi, ch. arr. zve fp. Mienzaniso yekutanga yeS. yakadaro iri pedyo ne capriccio; rudzi urwu rweS. rwakatogadzirwa naF. Schubert. F. Chopin akadudzira rudzi urwu nenzira itsva. Mune 4fp yake. S. akazadzwa nemutambo wepamusoro uye nguva zhinji zvikamu zveruvara zvakasvibira zvinochinjana nezvinoreruka zvenziyo. Fp. S. akanyorawo R. Schumann, I. Brahms, anobva kuRussia. vanyori - MA Balakirev, PI Tchaikovsky, nevamwe. Kune S. uye kune zvimwe zviridzwa zvega. Muzana remakore rechi19 S. zvakasikwa uye nenzira yekuzvimiririra. orc. mitambo. Pakati pevanyori veS. vakadaro ndiF. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (S. kubva kumumhanzi weW. Shakespeare's comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream), P. Duke (S. Mudzidzi Wemuroyi), MP Mussorgsky, AK Lyadov nevamwe.