Complex counterpoint |

Complex counterpoint - musanganiswa wepolyphonic wemazwi akagadzirwa zvine mutsindo (akasiyana kana akafanana mukutevedzera), iyo yakagadzirirwa contrapuntal yakagadziridzwa kudzokorora, kubereka nekuchinja kwereshiyo yemazwi aya (kusiyana neanopikisa akareruka - German einfacher Kontrapunkt - polyphonic misanganiswa yemanzwi anoshandiswa. mune imwe chete yakapihwa yemusanganiswa wavo).

Kunze kwenyika, shoko rokuti “S. kuti.” haishande; maari. mabhuku emumhanzi anoshandisa pfungwa ine hukama mehrfacher Kontrapunkt, inongoreva katatu uye quadruple vertically movable counterpoint. MuS. kusvika., iyo yekutanga (yakapihwa, yepakutanga) yekubatanidza melodic inosiyaniswa. manzwi uye imwe kana akawanda anobva kune imwe - polyphonic. sarudzo dzepakutanga. Zvichienderana nechimiro chekuchinja, kune, maererano nedzidziso dzeSI Taneyev, matatu makuru emhando yekupikisa: mobile counterpoint (yakakamurwa kuita vertically mobile, horizontally mobile uye kaviri mobile), inodzoserwa counterpoint (yakakamurwa kuita yakakwana uye isina kukwana inodzoserwa) uye counterpoint, iyo inobvumira kupetwa (imwe yemhando dzenharembozha counterpoint). Mhando dzose idzi dzeS. to. kazhinji inosanganiswa; semuenzaniso, mune fugue Credo (No 12) kubva kuhuwandu hweJS Bach muh-moll, sumo mbiri dzemhinduro (mumatanho 4 uye 6) dzinoumba kubatana kwekutanga - stretta ine chinhambwe chekupinda chezviyero zviviri (zvakadhindwa mu. zviyero 2-12), mumabhawa 17-17, kubatanidza kunobva kune inonzwika kaviri inofambiswa counterpoint (chinhambwe chenhanganyaya nhanganyaya 21/11 zviyero zvine vertical shift yezwi rezasi rekubatana kwepakutanga kumusoro neduodecime, the izwi repamusoro richidzika nechetatu), muzviyero 2-24 chinongedzo chinogadzirwa chinoumbwa kubva pakubatana muzviyero 29-17 mu vertically movable counterpoint (Iv = - 21 - kaviri counterpoint ye octave; yakadhindwa pahurefu hwakasiyana mumabhawa 7 -29), kubva kubhawa 33 inotevera stretta mumanzwi mana nekuwedzera kwedingindira mubass: kumusoro. manzwi maviri anomiririra komisheni yakatorwa kubva kune yekutanga stretta mune inofambiswa kaviri counterpoint (nhanganyaya nhanganyaya 33/4 bha; inoridzwa pane imwe nhandare mumabhawa 1-4) nekupeta kaviri pamusoro. manzwi echitanhatu kubva pasi (mumuenzaniso, manzwi epolyphonic asina kubatanidzwa mumasanganiswa ari pamusoro, pamwe neinoperekedza 38th izwi, anosiiwa). Cherechedza muenzaniso ona col. 41.

Mufp. quintet g-moll op. 30 SI Taneeva, basa rekutanga rinoitwa nekubatanidzwa kwedingindira rebato guru neshanduro yayo yakadzoserwa pakutanga kwekudzokororwa kwechikamu chekutanga (1nd chiyero mushure meiyo nhamba 2);

Contrapuntal Cobinations muCredo (No 12) kubva kuMisa muh-moll naJS Bach.

iyo yakabva mumhando yekanoni (nhamba 78) inoumbwa semugumisiro wekuchinja kwakatwasuka uye panguva imwechete yakabata inzwi repamusoro mukuwedzera; pakutanga kwekodha (yechitatu chiyero mushure menhamba 3) chinobva mune kaviri inofambiswa counterpoint (chinhambwe chekupinda chiyero 100, izwi rezasi rinofambiswa nedecima, rekumusoro nequintdecima pasi); contrapuntal musiyano inopera mukupedzisira coda, uko modulating canonical ruzha. kutevedzana (nhamba 1), inomiririra mubatanidzwa wekubva mune inofambiswa kaviri counterpoint (nhanganyaya nhanho 219 zviyero, manzwi ese ari maviri akananga kufamba); kuenderera mberi (iyo 2th bar mushure me nhamba 4) iyo yakabva kune iyo kanoni ine yakatwasuka uye yakachinjika kufamba uye panguva imwe chete nekuwedzera kana mana mumabhesi (anoperekedza uye akapetwa kaviri manzwi anosiiwa mumuenzaniso):

Contrapuntal musanganiswa mupiyano quintet g-moll op. 30 SI Taneeva.

Pedzisa. kanoni iri kumashure kubva ku b-moll fugue kubva kuvhoriyamu yechipiri yeJS Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier muenzaniso weiyo isina kukwana inodzoreredzwa counterpoint ine kaviri. Nhamba yechishanu kubva kuna Bach's "Musical Offering" isingaperi kanoni mukutenderera inoperekedza izwi iri, uko kubatana kwekutanga kunoumba pamusoro. izwi uye rakareruka (P), rinobva mune isina kukwana inodzoreka yakachinjika inofambiswa counterpoint - nezwi rimwechete uye risposta (R Compound counterpoint):

S. kusvika. - nzvimbo inonyanya kushamwaridzana nedivi rakangwara rekugadzira. nzira yemunyori, iyo inonyanya kutarisisa mufananidzo unoenderana wemuses. kutaura. S. kusvika. - hwaro hwekuumba mupolyphony, imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzepolyphonic. kukura uye kusiyana. Mikana yaro yakaonekwa uye yakagadziridzwa nevatenzi vemaitiro akaomarara; munguva dzinotevera dzekuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi. kumatare uye mune zvemazuva ano. Mumhanzi waS unoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumapolyphonic. uye homophonic mafomu.

Muenzaniso wemumhanzi kubva kuvhezheni yesumo yeTaneyev's Mobile Counterpoint yeStrict Writing.

Harmonic rusununguko rwemimhanzi yemazuva ano inobvumira vanyori kushandisa zvakanyanya kuoma muhunyanzvi. maererano nekusiyana kweS. uye mubatanidzwa wavo. Saka, semuenzaniso, muNo. , 23) yezvisingadzokororwi zvakabva kune zvakasimudzwa, zvakachinjika uye zvakapetwa kaviri zvinofambiswa counterpoint (ine zvakapetwa kaviri).

Mhando nhatu dzakaratidzwa dzeS. to. SI Taneyev akafunga huru, asi kwete chete anogoneka. Chimedu chakaburitswa kubva mushanduro yesumo yebhuku "Mobile counterpoint yekunyora kwakasimba" inoratidza kuti Taneyev anosanganisirwa munharaunda yeuXNUMXbuXNUMXbS. k. uyewo iyo rudzi rwayo, apo chidimbu chinogadzirwa chinoumbwa semugumisiro wekushandiswa kwekufamba kwerakish.

Muzvinyorwa zvake, SI Taneev haana kufunga nezve kudzoreredzwa (kunyangwe ichi chaive chikamu chezvirongwa zvekutsvagisa kwake kwesainzi) kana contrapoint counterpoint (sezviri pachena, yakanga isina kukosha kwakawanda panguva iyoyo). Dzidziso yepolyphony, tichifunga nezvezvinhu zvemazuva ano. tsika yemunyori, inowedzera pfungwa yeS. kusvika. uye inoona semhando dzayo dzakazvimiririra rakohodny counterpoint, uye zvakare inobvumira kuwedzera kana kuderera kweanotorwa komboni kuti. kubva pamavhoti anoimba epakutanga. Semuenzaniso, mumagumo e-rondo-shaped of Karaev's 3rd symphony, refrain yekutanga yakanyorwa nenzira ye 3-chinangwa. zvigadzirwa apo manzwi anouya (rhythmically akafanana nedingindira) anowedzerwa pamwe neanopikisa-wedzero kubva kune ruzha rweiyo dodecaphone series; Iyo 2nd kubata kweiyo refrain (nhamba 4) ikamu rinobva pane recoil counterpoint; muchikamu chechipiri, chakanyorwa nenzira yefugue, reprise stretta (mamita gumi nematanhatu kusvika kunhamba 2) inoumbwa nekuita dingindira mukufambira mberi uye kumativi; pakutanga kwekudzokorora kwechikamu chekutanga che symphony (nhamba 16), chinangwa chechitatu chinonzwika. canon risingaperi, kumusoro kuri kupi. izwi ndiro dingindira-nhevedzano mune yakananga, izwi repakati riri mukufamba kwezvipfuramabwe, uye rezasi riri mukudzoreredzwa kutsvedza.

Counterpoint, kubvumira kuwedzera kana kuderera mune imwe kana akati wandei. manzwi, akadzidza zvishoma.

HA Rimsky-Korsakov. "Iyo Tale yeGuta Risingaonekwe reKitezh ...", chiito 3, chiitiko 2.

Mienzaniso yakawanda kubva mumimhanzi yekare neyemazuva ano inoratidza kuti misanganiswa nekuwedzera kana kuderera inowanzoitika pasina kuverengerwa kwekutanga, nekusaziva (ona muenzaniso uri pamusoro kubva kuBach's Credo; "Kubuda" - chikamu chechipiri cheL. Grabowski "Little Chamber Music No. 2" - inoumbwa nekuita dodecaphonic theme , iyo misiyano yayo inowedzerwa mukuderedzwa kwe1-2-fold). Nekudaro, mune mamwe mabasa, kuwana misanganiswa yerudzi urwu, sezviri pachena, yaive chikamu chechinangwa chemunyori chepakutanga, icho chinoratidza kukosha kwavo kwenzvimbo yes. Bach; muchikamu che15 cheGlazunov's 1th symphony, iyo yakabva (nhamba 1) inobva pamubatanidzwa wepakutanga (nhamba 8) mune isina kukwana reversible counterpoint nekuwedzera mune rimwe remazwi; kusanganiswa kwakaomarara nekuwedzera dingindira rinogadzira zvinobuda muFP. Taneyev's g-moll quintet (nhamba 30 ne31; ona muenzaniso mucol. 78).

V. Tormis. "Nei vakamirira Jaan" (No 4 kubva mukwaya "Nziyo dzeZuva raJan").

Mazuva ano dzidziso yepolyphony inogadzirisa kududzirwa kwe counterpoint, iyo inobvumira kupetwa kaviri, kubva kune harmonic. mimhanzi yezana remakore rechi20. asi dzikamisa kushandiswa kwekudzokorora ku.-l. def. intervals kana chords. Semuenzaniso, muchiitiko chechipiri chechiitiko chechitatu che opera "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh uye Maiden Fevronia" naRimsky-Korsakov (nhamba 2), kutevedzera kweTatars leitmotif kunoratidzwa nemafungiro akafanana. chords yechinomwe (ona muenzaniso a); murwiyo runonzi “Nei vakamirira Yaan” (No 3 kubva muchikamu chekwaya “Nziyo dzeZuva raYaan” naV. Tormis), manzwi anofamba muzvikamu zvishanu zvakafanana (“vertically moving kuwirirana”, sezvinotsanangurwa naSS Grigoriev; ona muenzaniso b), muNo 210 yekamwe kaviri kutenderera ine cluster nature (ona muenzaniso c);

V. Tormis. "Rwiyo rweZuva raJan" (No 7 kubva mukwaya "Nziyo dzeZuva raJan").

mu "Night" kubva kuProkofiev's "Scythian Suite" manzwi ari mumhando isingaperi yekanoni-mhando yekuvaka anodzokororwa nemakori ezvimiro zvakasiyana (ona muenzaniso d, col. 99).

SS Prokofiev. "Scythian Suite", 3rd chikamu ("Husiku").

Tafura yezvose zvinokwanisika musanganiswa wemhando dzes. ku.

References: Taneev SI, Movable counterpoint yekunyora kwakasimba, Leipzig, 1909, M., 1959; Taneev SI, Kubva kuScience uye Pedagogical Heritage, M., 1967; Bogatyrev SS, Reversible counterpoint, M., 1960; Korchinsky E., Kumubvunzo wedzidziso yekutevedzera matsvene, L., 1960; Grigoriev SS, Panziyo yeRimsky-Korsakov, M., 1961; Yuzhak K., Zvimwe zvechimiro chefugue naJS Bach, M., 1965; Pustylnik I. Ya., Movable counterpoint uye free writing, L., 1967. Onawo lit. pasi pezvinyorwa Movable counterpoint, Reversible counterpoint, Rakokhodny movement.

VP Frayonov