Max Reger |

Max Reger

Reger chiratidzo chenguva, bhiriji pakati pemazana emakore. E. Otto

Hupenyu hupfupi hwekugadzira hwemuimbi ane mukurumbira wekuGerman - muimbi, piano, conductor, organist, mudzidzisi uye theorist - M. Reger zvakaitika mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Mushure mekutanga basa rake muunyanzvi hunoenderana nekunonoka kudanana, zvakanyanya pasi pesimba reWagnerian maitiro, Reger kubva pakutanga akawana zvimwe, zvemhando yepamusoro - kunyanya munhaka yaJS Bach. Iko kusanganiswa kwerudo rwekuvimba nekuvimba kwakasimba pane inovaka, yakajeka, yehungwaru ndiyo musimboti weunyanzvi hwaReger, chinzvimbo chake chinofambira mberi chehunyanzvi, padyo nevaimbi vezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. "Mudzidzisi mukuru weGermany neoclassicist" akanzi munyori neanoyemura anoshingaira, mutsoropodzi weRussia anoshamisa V. Karatygin, achicherechedza kuti "Reger mwana wemazuva ano, anokwezvwa nemarwadzo ose emazuva ano uye ushingi."

Sensitively kupindura kune zviitiko zvinoenderera mberi zvemagariro evanhu, kusaruramisira kwevanhu, Reger muupenyu hwake hwose, hurongwa hwedzidzo hwakanga hwakabatana netsika dzenyika - maitiro avo epamusoro, chitendero chemhizha yeunyanzvi, kufarira nhengo, chamber instrumental uye choral music. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo baba vake, mudzidzisi wechikoro mutaundi duku reBavaria reWeiden, vakamusimudza, iyi ndiyo nzira iyo muiti wechechi yeWeiden A. Lindner uye mukurusa wedzidziso yeGermany G. Riemann akadzidzisa, uyo akapinza muna Reger rudo rwechiGerman classics. Kuburikidza naRiemann, mimhanzi yaI. Brahms nokusingaperi yakapinda mupfungwa yemunyori wechidiki, mune basa rake kusanganiswa kwekirasi uye rudo kwakatanga kuitika. Hazvina tsanga kuti kwaive kwaari kuti Reger akafunga kutumira basa rake rekutanga rakakosha - iyo organ suite "In Memory of Bach" (1895). Muimbi muduku akarangarira mhinduro yakagamuchirwa nguva pfupi pamberi porufu rwaBrahms sechikomborero, shoko rokuparadzana rakabva kuna tenzi mukuru, ane mirairo younyanzvi yaakanyatsoita muupenyu hwake.

Reger akagamuchira hunyanzvi hwake hwekutanga hwekuimba kubva kuvabereki vake (baba vake vakamudzidzisa dzidziso, kuridza organ, violin uye cello, amai vake vairidza piyano). Mano okutanga akaziviswa akabvumira mukomana kutsiva mudzidzisi wake Lindner muchechi kwemakore 13, pasi penhungamiro yaakatanga kunyora. Muna 1890-93. Reger anokwenenzvera hunyanzvi hwake hwekunyora nekuita achitungamirwa naRiemann. Zvadaro, muWiesbaden, akatanga basa rake rokudzidzisa, iro rakatora hupenyu hwake hwose, paRoyal Academy of Music muMunich (1905-06), paLeipzig Conservatory (1907-16). MuLeipzig, Reger aivewo mutungamiriri wemimhanzi payunivhesiti. Pakati pevadzidzi vake pane vaimbi vakawanda vane mukurumbira - I. Khas, O. Shek, E. Tokh, nevamwe. Reger akapawo rubatsiro rwakakura kumitambo yemitambo, kazhinji achiridza piyano uye mutambi. Muna 1911 - 14 makore. akatungamira dare symphony chapel yeDuke weMeiningen, achigadzira kubva mairi orchestra inoshamisa yakakunda Germany yese nehunyanzvi hwayo.

Zvisinei, basa rekunyora raReger harina kuonekwa nokukurumidza munyika yake. Kutanga kwekutanga hakuna kubudirira, uye mushure mekutambudzika kukuru, muna 1898, akazviwana zvakare mumhepo inobatsira yeimba yevabereki vake, munyori anopinda munguva yekubudirira. Kwemakore matatu anogadzira mabasa mazhinji - op. 3-20; pakati pawo pane machamber ensembles, piyano zvidimbu, mazwi ezwi, asi nhengo inoshanda zvakanyanya - 59 fantasy pamadingindira ekwaya, Fantasia uye fugue padingindira reBACH (7). Kukura kunouya kuna Reger, maonero ake enyika, maonero eunyanzvi anozopedzisira aumbwa. Asingambofi akawira mudzidziso dzenhema, Reger akatevera motto kweupenyu hwake hwose: “Hapana kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira mumimhanzi!” Hunhu hwemunyori wacho hwakanyanya kuoneka muMunich, kwaakarwiswa zvakasimba nevaimupikisa.

Huru muhuwandu (146 opus), nhaka yaReger yakasiyana-siyana - zvese mumhando (vanoshaya chete nhanho), uye mumanyorero ezvinyorwa - kubva pre-Bahov era kusvika Schumann, Wagner, Brahms. Asi munyori wacho aiva nezvaaida chaizvo. Aya machamber ensembles (70 opus emhando dzakasiyana dzenziyo) uye mimhanzi yeogani (anenge mazana maviri enziyo). Hazvisi zvemasanga kuti munzvimbo ino ndiko kunonyanya kunzwika kushamwaridzana kwaReger naBach, kukwezva kwake kune polyphony, kune ekare mafomu ezviridzwa. Kureurura kwemunyori hunhu: “Vamwe vanoita makuhwa, ini ndinogona kungogara mazviri.” Iyo monumentality yeReger's organistion enziyo inonyanyozivikanwa mune yake orchestral uye piyano nziyo, pakati peiyo, panzvimbo peyakajairwa sonatas uye symphonies, yakawedzera polyphonic kusiyanisa kutenderera kunotungamira - symphonic Kusiyana uye fugues pamadingindira naJ Hiller naWA Mozart (200) , 1907), Variations and fugues for piyano on themes by JS Bach, GF Telemann, L. Beethoven (1914, 1904, 1914). Asi munyori aiteererawo kumhando dzerudo (orchestral Four Poems after A. Becklin – 1904, Romantic Suite after J. Eichendorff – 1913; cycles of piyano and vocal miniatures). Akasiyawo mienzaniso yakatanhamara mumhando dzekwaya - kubva kucappella choirs kuenda kumacantatas uye huru Mapisarema 1912 - 100.

Pakupera kwehupenyu hwake, Reger akave nemukurumbira, muna 1910 mutambo wemimhanzi yake wakarongwa muDortmund. Imwe yenyika dzakatanga kuziva tarenda yatenzi weGermany yaiva Russia, kwaakabudirira kuita muna 1906 uye kwaakakwaziswa nechizvarwa chechidiki chevaimbi veRussia vaitungamirirwa naN. Myaskovsky naS. Prokofiev.

G. Zhdanova