Ottorino Respighi (Ottorino Respighi) |

Ottoino Respighi

Munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeItaly muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Respighi akapinda semunyori wechirongwa chakajeka chesymphonic works (nhetembo "Roman Fountains", "Pini dzeRoma").

Muimbi weramangwana akaberekerwa mumhuri yevaimbi. Sekuru vake vaive muimbi weogani, baba vake vaive piano, aive neRespighi uye akatora zvidzidzo zvake zvepiyano zvekutanga. Muna 1891-99. Respighi zvidzidzo paMusic Lyceum muBologna: kutamba violin naF. Sarti, counterpoint uye fugue naDall Olio, yakagadzirwa naL. Torqua naJ. Martucci. Kubva 1899 akaita mumakonzati ari violinist. Muna 1900 akanyora imwe yenziyo dzake dzekutanga - "Symphonic Variations" yeorchestra.

Muna 1901, semuimbi we<em>violin muchikwata chevaimbi, Respighi akauya kuzoshanya kuSt. Heino musangano unokosha naN. Rimsky-Korsakov. Muimbi wenziyo weRussia anoremekedzwa akakwazisa muenzi wacho noushamwari, asi pashure pokutarira zvibodzwa zvake, akafarira ndokubvuma kufunda nomuItaly muduku wacho. Makirasi akapedza mwedzi mishanu. Achitungamirirwa naRimsky-Korsakov, Respighi akanyora Prelude, Chorale uye Fugue yeorchestra. Ichi chinyorwa chakava basa rake rokupedza kudzidza paBologna Lyceum, uye mudzidzisi wake Martucci akati: “Respighi haasisiri mudzidzi, asi ishe.” Pasinei neizvi, munyori wacho akaramba achivandudza: muna 5 akatora zvidzidzo zvekunyora kubva kuna M. Bruch muBerlin. Kwapera gore, Respighi anoshanyira zvakare Russia neboka rema opera, anogara muSt. Petersburg neMoscow. Sezvo aziva mutauro weRussia, anotanga kujairana nehupenyu hweunyanzvi hwemaguta aya nekufarira, achikoshesa zvikuru opera yeMoscow nemitambo ye ballet ine nzvimbo uye zvipfeko naK. Korovin naL. Bakst. Zvisungo neRussia hazviregi kunyangwe vadzokera kunyika yavo. A. Lunacharsky akadzidza paYunivhesiti yeBologna, uyo gare gare, mu1902s, akaratidza chido chokuti Respighi aizouya kuRussia zvakare.

Respighi ndomumwe wevanyori vekutanga vekuItaly kuwanazve mapeji emumhanzi weItaly hafu-akakanganwa. Mukutanga kwema1900 anogadzira rwiyo rutsva rwe "Ariadne's Lament" naC. Monteverdi, uye kuumbwa kunoitwa zvinobudirira paBerlin Philharmonic.

Muna 1914, Respighi atova munyori wemitambo mitatu, asi kushanda munzvimbo iyi hakumuunzi kubudirira. Kune rumwe rutivi, kusikwa kwenhetembo yesymphonic The Fountains of Rome (1917) kwakaisa munyori pamberi pevaimbi veItaly. Ichi ndicho chikamu chekutanga cherudzi rwe symphonic trilogy: The Fountains of Rome, The Pines of Rome (1924) uye The Feasts of Rome (1928). G. Puccini, ainyatsoziva munyori wenziyo wacho uye aiva shamwari dzake, akati: “Unoziva here kuti ndiani anotanga kudzidza zvibodzwa zvaRespighi? I. Kubva kuimba yekutsikisa yeRicordi ndinogashira kopi yekutanga yechimwe nechimwe chezvibodzwa zvake zvitsva uye ndinowedzera kuyemura hunyanzvi hwake hwekuridza zviridzwa.

Kuzivana naI. Stravinsky, S. Diaghilev, M. Fokin naV. Nijinsky yakanga yakakosha zvikuru pabasa raRespighi. Muna 1919 boka raDiaghilev rakaita muLondon ballet yake The Miracle Shop, yakavakirwa pamimhanzi yepiyano zvidimbu naG. Rossini.

Kubva 1921, Respighi aiwanzoita semutyairi, achiita zvinyorwa zvake, achishanya semupiyano muEurope, USA, uye Brazil. Kubva muna 1913 kusvikira pakupera kwoupenyu hwake, akadzidzisa paAcademy yeSanta Cecilia muRome, uye muna 1924-26. ndiye mutungamiriri wayo.

Respighi's symphonic work inosanganisa nzira dzechizvino-zvino dzekunyora, mimhanzi ine mavara (iyo yambotaurwa symphonic trilogy, "Brazilian Impressions"), uye kurerekera kurwiyo rwechinyakare, mafomu ekare, kureva zvinhu zveneoclassicism. Mabasa akati wandei emunyori akanyorwa padingindira renziyo dzeGregorian (“Gregorian Concerto” yeviolin, “Concerto in Mixolydian mode” uye 3 nhanganyaya dzenziyo dzeGregorian dzepiyano, “Doria Quartet”). Respighi ane hurongwa hwemahara hwema operas "Mushandi-Madam" naG. Pergolesi, "Female Tricks" naD. Cimarosa, "Orpheus" naC. Monteverdi uye mamwe mabasa nevanyori vekare veItaly, orchestration yeshanu "Etudes-Paintings" naS. Rachmaninov, nhengo passacaglia muC minor JS Bach.

V. Ilyeva

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