Enrico Caruso (Enrico Caruso) |

Enrico Caruso

“Aive neOrder of the Legion of Honor neEnglish Victorian Order, YeGerman Order yeRed Eagle uye menduru yegoridhe paribhoni yaFrederick Mukuru, Order of the Officer of the Italian Crown, the Belgian and Spanish orders. , kunyange chiratidzo chemusoja mumari yesirivha, iyo yainzi Russian "Order of St. Nicholas", diamond cufflinks - chipo kubva kuna Emperor of All Russia, bhokisi regoridhe kubva kuna Duke weVendome, rubies nedhaimondi kubva kuChirungu. mambo ... - anonyora A. Filippov. “Nhai dzake dzichiri kutaurwa nezvadzo nanhasi. Mumwe wevaimbi akarasikirwa nembatya dzake dzetambo panguva yearia, asi akakwanisa kuaisa pasi pemubhedha netsoka yake. Akafara kwenguva pfupi. Caruso akasimudza bhurugwa rake, akaritwasanudza uye neuta hwemabiko akaunza mukadzi uyu… Hudhitoriamu yakaputika nekuseka. Kwekudya kwemanheru namambo weSpain, akauya nepasita yake, achivimbisa kuti ivo vaive tastier zvakanyanya, uye akakoka vaenzi kuti varavire. Pamabiko ehurumende, akakorokotedza Mutungamiriri weUnited States nemashoko okuti: “Ndinofara nokuda kwenyu, Changamire, mava nemukurumbira sezvandakaita ini.” MuChirungu, aiziva mazwi mashomanana chete, ayo aizivikanwa kune vashomanana: nekuda kweunyanzvi hwake uye mataurirwo akanaka, aigara achibuda nyore nyore mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Kamwe bedzi kusaziva mutauro wacho kwakatungamirira kukuda kuziva: muimbi wacho akaziviswa nezverufu rwakamwe kamwe rwomumwe waaizivana naye, uko Caruso akapembera nenyemwerero ndokudanidzira nomufaro kuti: “Zvakanaka, kana uchimuona, mokwazisa kwandiri. !”

Akasiya anenge mamiriyoni manomwe (nekutanga kwezana remakore iri mari inopenga), minda muItaly neAmerica, dzimba dzinoverengeka muUnited States neEurope, kuunganidzwa kwemari isingawanzoitiki uye yekare, mazana emasutu anodhura (imwe neimwe yakauya. ine bhutsu yakashongedzwa nelacquered).

Uye hezvino izvo muimbi wePoland J. Vaida-Korolevich, uyo aiimba nemuimbi akangwara, anonyora: “Enrico Caruso, muItaly akaberekerwa uye akakurira muNaples yamashiripiti, akapoteredzwa nezvimiro zvinoshamisa, denga reItaly nezuva rinopisa, akanga ari zvikuru. zvinogoneka, zvekukasika uye zvinokurumidza kushatirwa. Simba retarenda rake rakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvitatu zvikuru: yekutanga ishoko rinopisa rinopisa, rine shungu risingagoni kuenzaniswa nemamwe ose. Kunaka kwemutinhimira wake kwakanga kusiri mukuenzana kwenzwi, asi, pane kudaro, mukupfuma uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvemavara. Caruso airatidza manzwiro ese uye zviitiko nezwi rake - dzimwe nguva zvaiita sekuti mutambo uye chiitiko chedariro chaive chakanyanya kwaari. Chinhu chechipiri chetarenda raCaruso i palette yemanzwiro, manzwiro, mafungiro epfungwa mukuimba, isina muganhu muhupfumi hwayo; chekupedzisira, chechitatu chimiro tarenda rake rakakura, rinongoerekana raitika uye risingazive. Ini ndinonyora "subconscious" nekuti mifananidzo yake yedariro yakanga isiri mhedzisiro yekuchenjerera, basa rinorwadza, haina kunatswa uye kupedzwa kune diki diki, asi sekunge ivo vakazvarwa pakarepo kubva kune inopisa moyo wake wezasi.

Enrico Caruso akaberekwa munaFebruary 24, 1873 kunze kweNaples, munharaunda yeSan Giovanello, mumhuri yevashandi. “Kubvira pazera remakore mapfumbamwe, akatanga kuimba, uye tsvarakadenga yake ye<em>contralto yakakurumidza kukwezva ngwariro,” Caruso akazoyeuka kudaro. Kuita kwake kwekutanga kwakaitika pedyo nekumba muchechi duku yeSan Giovanello. Akapedza chikoro chepuraimari chete kubva Enrico. Nezvekudzidziswa kwemumhanzi, akawana ruzivo rudiki rwakakosha mumunda wemimhanzi nekuimba, akawana kubva kuvadzidzisi veko.

Achiri kuyaruka, Enrico akapinda mufekitari yaishanda baba vake. Asi akaramba achiimba, izvo, zvisinei, hazvishamise kuItaly. Caruso akatotora chikamu mukugadzirwa kwemitambo - mumhanzi farce Makororo muBindu raDon Raffaele.

Imwe nzira yeCaruso inotsanangurwa naA. Filippov:

“MuItaly panguva iyoyo, vadzidzi 360 vekirasi yokutanga vakanyoreswa, 44 vavo vainzi vakakurumbira. Mazana anoverengeka vaimbi venzvimbo yakaderera vakafemera mumusoro mavo. Nemakwikwi akadai, Caruso aive netarisiro shoma: zvinogoneka kuti mugove wake ungadai wakaramba uri hupenyu mumataundi ane boka revana vane nzara uye basa rekuimba ari ega mumugwagwa, aine ngowani muruoko rwake achipfuura vateereri. Asi zvino, sezvazvinowanzoitika mumanovhero, Hukuru Chance akauya kuzonunura.

Mune opera Shamwari yaFrancesco, yakarongwa nemudiwa wemimhanzi Morelli nemari yake, Caruso akawana mukana wekuridza baba vakwegura (tenor ane makore makumi matanhatu akaimba chikamu chemwanakomana wake). Uye munhu wose akanzwa kuti inzwi re "baba" rakanaka zvikuru kupfuura re "mwanakomana". Enrico akabva akokwa kuboka reItaly, achienda kuCairo. Ikoko, Caruso akapinda mu "rubhabhatidzo rwemoto" rwakaoma (akaitika kuti akaimba asingazivi basa racho, achibatanidza pepa rine zvinyorwa kumashure kwemumwe wake) uye kekutanga akawana mari yakanaka, achivasvetuka nevatambi. yezviratidzwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuno. Caruso akadzokera kuhotera mangwanani akatasva mbongoro, akafukidzwa nematope: akadhakwa, akawira muNairi uye nenzira inoshamisa akapukunyuka kubva kune ngwena. Mabiko anofadza aingova kutanga kwe "rwendo rurefu" - paaifamba muSicily, akaenda pachikuva akadhakwa, panzvimbo ye "fate" akaimba "gulba" (muItaly ivo variwo makonzonendi), uye izvi zvinenge zvakadhura. iye basa rake.

MuLivorno, anoimba Pagliatsev naLeoncavallo - kubudirira kwekutanga, ndokuzokokwa kuMilan uye basa rekuverenga kweRussia ane sonorous Slavic zita Boris Ivanov muGiordano's opera "Fedora" ... "

Kuyemura kwevatsoropodzi kwaisaziva miganhu: “Imwe yemashoko akanakisisa atiti ati ambonzwa!” Milan akagamuchira muimbi, uyo akanga asati azivikanwa muguta guru reItaly.

Pana January 15, 1899, Petersburg akatonzwa Caruso kekutanga muLa Traviata. Caruso, achinyara uye akabayiwa mwoyo nokugamuchirwa kwoushamwari, achipindura rumbidzo dzakawanda dzevateereri vokuRussia, akati: “O, usanditenda – ndinokutendai Verdi!” "Caruso anga ari Radamès anoshamisa, akamutsa kutariswa kwemunhu wese nezwi rake rakanaka, nekuda kwekuti munhu anogona kufunga kuti muimbi uyu achakurumidza kunge ari mumutsara wekutanga weakanakisa tenisi yemazuva ano," mutsoropodzi NF akanyora muongororo yake. Solovyov.

Kubva kuRussia, Caruso akaenda mhiri kwamakungwa kuBuenos Aires; ipapo anoimba muRoma neMilan. Mushure mekubudirira kunoshamisa kuLa Scala, uko Caruso akaimba muDonizetti's L'elisir d'amore, kunyange Arturo Toscanini, uyo ainyanya kuomera nekurumbidza, akaitisa opera, akatadza kumira uye, achimbundira Caruso, akadaro. “Mwari wangu! Kana Neapolitan uyu akaramba achiimba saizvozvo, achaita kuti nyika yose itaure nezvake!”

Manheru aNovember 23, 1903, Caruso akaita debut yake yeNew York paMetropolitan Theatre. Akaimba muRigoletto. Muimbi ane mukurumbira anokunda ruzhinji rweAmerica nekukurumidza uye nekusingaperi. Mutungamiriri weimba yemitambo aiva Enri Ebey, uyo akabva asayina chibvumirano neCaruso kwegore rose.

Giulio Gatti-Casazza wekuFerrara paakazova mutungamiriri weMetropolitan Theatre, muripo waCaruso wakatanga kukura zvishoma nezvishoma gore rega rega. Izvi zvakaita kuti awane zvakawanda zvekuti dzimwe nhandare dzemitambo munyika dzakanga dzisisakwanisi kukwikwidzana neveNew York.

Mutungamiriri Giulio Gatti-Casazza akatungamira Metropolitan Theatre kwemakore gumi nemashanu. Akanga ane mano uye akachenjera. Uye kana dzimwe nguva paive nekushevedzera kuti mubhadharo wemakumi mana, makumi mashanu ezviuru emari pamutambo mumwe wakawandisa, kuti hapana kana muimbi munyika akagamuchira muripo wakadaro, ipapo mutungamiriri akangoseka.

"Caruso," akadaro, "ndiyo inonyanya kukosha ye impresario, saka hapana muripo unogona kumuwandira."

Uye akanga akarurama. Caruso paakatora chikamu mukuita, dhipatimendi rakawedzera mitengo yematikiti pakufunga kwavo. Vatengesi vakaonekwa vakatenga matikiti chero mutengo, uye vozoatengesa matatu, mana uye kunyange kagumi kupfuura!

“MuAmerica, Caruso yaigara ichibudirira kubvira pakutanga,” anonyora kudaro V. Tortorelli. Kurudziro yake paruzhinji yakawedzera zuva nezuva. Nhoroondo yeMetropolitan Theatre inotaura kuti hapana mumwe muimbi akabudirira zvakadaro pano. Kuonekwa kwezita raCaruso pamaposta yaive nguva yega yega chiitiko chikuru muguta. Izvo zvakakonzera matambudziko kune manejimendi emitambo: horo huru yetiyetera yaisagona kugarisa munhu wese. Zvakanga zvakafanira kuvhura theatre maawa maviri, matatu, kana kunyange mana isati yatanga, kuitira kuti vateereri vane hasha veimba yacho vagare vakanyarara. Yakapera nenyaya yekuti imba yemitambo yemitambo yemanheru nekutora chikamu kwaCaruso yakatanga kuvhurwa nenguva dzegumi mangwanani. Vaoni vaiva nemabhegi emaoko netswanda dzakazadzwa nezvinhu zvakagara munzvimbo dzakanakisisa. Anenge maawa gumi nemaviri zvisati zvaitika, vanhu vakauya kuzonzwa izwi remashiripiti, reuroyi remuimbi (mitambo yakatanga ipapo nenguva dzepfumbamwe manheru).

Caruso aive akabatikana neMet chete mumwaka; pakupera kwayo, akaenda kune dzimwe dzimba dzakawanda dzeopera, idzo dzakamukomba nemakokero. Apo chete muimbi haana kuita: muCuba, muMexico City, muRio de Janeiro uye Buffalo.

Somuenzaniso, kubva muna October 1912, Caruso akaita rwendo rwakakura rwemaguta eEurope: akaimba muHungary, Spain, France, England neHolland. Munyika idzi, somuNorth neSouth America, akanga akamirirwa nokugamuchirwa kwomufaro navateereri vanofara navanodedera.

Pane imwe nguva Caruso akaimba muOpera "Carmen" panhandare yemitambo "Colon" muBuenos Aires. Pakupera kwearioso yaJose, zvinyorwa zvenhema zvakanzwika muorchestra. Vakaramba vasingaonekwe neruzhinji, asi conductor haana kutiza. Achisiya nyaradzo, iye, akatsamwa, akaenda kuimba yevaimbi nechinangwa chokutsiura. Zvisinei, kondakita akaona kuti vakawanda vaiimba nziyo dzokuimba vaichema, uye havana kuda kutaura shoko. Nenyadzi akabva adzokera pachigaro chake. Uye heano maratidziro eiyo impresario nezve kuita uku, yakaburitswa muNew York vhiki nevhiki Follia:

“Kusvika pari zvino, ndaifunga kuti mwero we35 lire wakakumbirwa naCaruso kuti aite mamwe manheru akawandisa, asi zvino ndine chokwadi chekuti kumuimbi akadaro asingawanikwe zvachose, hapana muripo ungave wakanyanyisa. Uyai nemisodzi kuvaimbi! Funga nezvazvo! NdiOrpheus!

Kubudirira kwakauya kuna Caruso kwete chete nekuda kwezwi rake remashiripiti. Aiziva mapato nevatambi vake mumutambo zvakanaka. Izvi zvakamubvumira kuti anzwisise zviri nani basa uye zvinangwa zvemunyori uye kurarama organically pachikuva. “Munzvimbo yemitambo ndinongova muimbi uye mutambi,” akadaro Caruso, “asi kuti ndiratidze veruzhinji kuti handisi mumwe chete kana kuti mumwe, asi munhu chaiye akaumbwa nemuimbi, ndinofanira kufunga uye kunzwa. chaizvo semunhu wandaifunga nezvemunyori wacho”.

Zvita 24, 1920 Caruso akaita mumazana matanhatu nenomwe, uye yake yekupedzisira, kuita opera kuMetropolitan. Muimbi wacho akanzwa akashata zvikuru: panguva yese yekuimba akanzwa kurwadziwa kwakanyanya, kunobaya parutivi rwake, aipisa muviri. Achidaidza kuda kwake kwese kuti abatsire, akaimba zviito zvishanu zveMwanasikana weCardinal. Pasinei nehurwere hwehutsinye, muenzi mukuru akaramba ari pachikuva zvakasimba uye nechivimbo. VaAmerica vakagara muhoro, vasingazivi nezvedambudziko rake, vakaombera nehasha, vakadanidzira "encore", vasingafungi kuti vakanga vanzwa rwiyo rwekupedzisira rwemukundi wemoyo.

Caruso akaenda kuItaly uye akashinga kurwisa chirwere, asi August 2, 1921 muimbi akafa.