Shamisen: tsananguro chiridzwa, kuumbwa, nhoroondo, inzwi, kushandiswa

Mimhanzi inoita basa repakati mutsika yenyika yeJapan. Munyika yanhasi, yave symbiosis yetsika dzakauya kuNyika yeRising Sun kubva kunyika dzakasiyana. Shamisen chiridzwa chakasarudzika chinoridzwa muJapan chete. Iro zita rinoturikira se "3 tambo", uye kunze kwakafanana neruti rwechinyakare.

Chii chinonzi shamisen

MuMiddle Ages, vanyori vengano, vaimbi nevakadzi mapofu vaidzungaira vairidza mumigwagwa yemaguta nemataundi chiridzwa chetambo chakadamburwa, ruzha rwacho rwaienderana zvakananga nounyanzvi hwomuiti wacho. Inogona kuonekwa mumifananidzo yekare mumaoko ema geishas akanaka. Vanoridza mimhanzi inonakidza vachishandisa zvigunwe zveruoko rwavo rwerudyi uye plectrum, mudziyo unokosha wekurova tambo.

Sami (sekudaidza kunoita maJapan chiridzwa ichi) chifananidzi cheruti rweEurope. Inzwi rayo rinosiyaniswa netimbre yakakura, iyo inoenderana nehurefu hwetambo. Muiti wega wega anogadzirisa shamisen pachake, anowedzera kana kupfupisa. Range - 2 kana 4 octaves.

Tool mudziyo

Imwe nhengo yemhuri yetambo yakadzurwa ine sikweya resonator dhiramu uye mutsipa wakareba. Tambo nhatu dzinodhonzwa pairi. Mutsipa hauna manyawi. Kumagumo kwaro kune bhokisi rine mapegi matatu marefu. Ivo vanoyeuchidza vhudzi rebvudzi rinoshandiswa nevakadzi vechiJapan kuti vashongedze vhudzi ravo. Musoro wemusoro wakakotama zvishoma kumashure. Hurefu hwesami hunosiyana. Shamisen yechinyakare inosvika masendimita makumi masere kureba.

Shamisen kana Sangen ine isina kujairika resonator chimiro chemuviri. Mukugadzirwa kwezvimwe zviridzwa zvechivanhu, kazhinji kazhinji yaicherwa kubva padanda rimwe chete. Muchiitiko che shamisen, chigubhu chinoputika, chinosanganisira mahwendefa mana emapuranga. Izvi zvinorerutsa zvekufambisa. Mahwendefa akagadzirwa nequince, mulberry, sandalwood.

Nepo vamwe vanhu vakavhara muviri wezviridzwa zvakatemwa netambo neganda renyoka, maJapan akashandisa ganda rekati kana imbwa mukugadzira shamisen. Pamuviri pasi pematambo, chikumbaridzo che coma chinoiswa. Saizi yaro inokanganisa timbre. Tambo nhatu sirika kana naironi. Kubva pazasi, ivo vakasungirirwa kune rack ne neo tambo.

Unogona kuridza chiJapan chine tambo nhatu neminwe yako kana ne bati plectrum. Yakagadzirwa kubva pahuni, plastiki, mapfupa emhuka, goko rekamba. Basa rekushanda rababa rakapinza, chimiro chine katatu.

Nhoroondo yekwakabva

Asati ave chiridzwa chevanhu vekuJapan, shamisen akaita rwendo rurefu kubva kuMiddle East kuburikidza neAsia yese. Pakutanga, akadanana nevagari vezvitsuwa zveOkinawa yemazuva ano, akazotamira kuJapan. Sami haana kugamuchirwa nevakuru veJapan kwenguva yakareba. Chiridzwa ichi chakarongedzerwa se "pasi", ichichifunga sehunhu hwemapofu goze vagrants uye geishas.

Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, nguva yeEdo yakatanga, inoratidzwa nekukwira kwehupfumi uye kusimukira kwetsika. Shamisen akapinda zvakasimba muzvikamu zvose zvekugadzira: nhetembo, mimhanzi, yemitambo, kupenda. Hapana kana mutambo mumwe chete mumitambo yeKabuki neBunraku theatre yaigona kuita pasina ruzha rwayo.

Kutamba musami kwaitova kurovedzera maiko curriculum. Imwe neimwe geisha yekota yeYoshiwara yaifanira kugona tambo dzetambo nhatu dzekuJapan kusvika pakukwana.

Mhando

Shamisen classification inobva pahupamhi hwemutsipa. Ruzha uye timbre zvinoenderana nehukuru hwayo. Kune marudzi matatu:

• Futozao - kuridza chiridzwa ichi kwave kujaira kumatunhu ekuchamhembe kweJapan. Iyo plectrum yakakura muhukuru, mutsipa wakafara, wakakora. Kuita kwezvinyorwa pa shami futozao zvinogoneka chete kune echokwadi virtuosos.
• Chuzao - inoshandiswa mumhanzi wekamuri, dhirama uye nhandare yemitambo. Mutsipa uri pakati nepakati.
• Hosozao chiridzwa chechinyakare chekutaura nyaya chine mutsipa mutete, mutete.

Musiyano pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dze shami zvakare mune kona iyo mitsipa yakasungirirwa kumuviri, uye ukuru hwechigunwe icho tambo dzakatsikirirwa.

kushandisa

Hazvibviri kufungidzira tsika dzetsika dzenyika yeNyika yeZuva Rinobuda pasina ruzha rwe shamisen. Chiridzwa chinorira mufolklore ensembles, pamazororo ekumaruwa, mumitambo yemitambo, mafirimu, anime. Inoshandiswa kunyange nejazz uye avant-garde mabhendi.

Kutamba shamisen

Chinhu chakasiyana chechiridzwa ndiko kugona kushandura timbre. Nzira huru yekubvisa ruzha ndeyekurova tambo neplectrum. Asi, kana muiti wacho achibata tambo pamunwe neruoko rwake rworuboshwe panguva imwe chete, ipapo inzwi rinowedzera kunaka. Iyo yepasi tambo yesavary yakakosha zvikuru mumitambo yemitambo. Kuidzura kunotendera iwe kuti ubvise dhizaini ye overtones uye karuzha kanopfumisa rwiyo. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutsara wezwi wemunyori kana muimbi unofanirwa kuwirirana sezvinobvira nekurira kwemusami, zvishoma mberi kwerwiyo.

Shamisen haingori chiridzwa chemimhanzi, inosanganisira tsika dzemazana emakore, nhoroondo yeJapan, uye tsika dzevanhu. Kurira kwaro kunoperekedza vagari venyika kubva pakuzvarwa kusvika pakufa, kunopa mufaro uye kunzwisa tsitsi munguva dzinosuruvarisa.