Kobza: chii, chiridzwa kuumbwa, nhoroondo, inzwi, kushandiswa

Chiridzwa chemimhanzi chevanhu vekuUkraine kobza ihama yepedyo yelute. Ndecheboka retambo, dzakadzurwa, dzine tambo ina kana kupfuura dzakapetwa. Mukuwedzera kuUkraine, marudzi ayo anowanikwa muMoldova, Romania, Hungary, Poland.

Tool mudziyo

Hwaro ndiwo muviri, zvinhu zvayo huni. Chimiro chemuviri chakareba zvishoma, chakafanana nepeya. Chikamu chepamberi, chine tambo, chakati sandara, reshure chakakombama. Iyo inofungidzirwa zviyero zvekesi ndeye 50 cm kureba uye 30 cm yakafara.

Mutsipa mudiki wakabatanidzwa nemuviri, wakashongedzerwa nesimbi frets uye musoro zvishoma wakakotama kumashure. Tambo dzakatambanudzwa pamwe nechikamu chepamberi, nhamba yacho yakasiyana: pakanga paine sarudzo dzekugadzira dzinenge ina, ine huwandu hwegumi nembiri.

Dzimwe nguva plectrum inobatanidzwa zvakare - zviri nyore kutamba nayo pane neminwe yako, ruzha rwakanyanya kuchena.

Kobza inonzwika sei?

Chiridzwa chine quarto-quint system. Inzwi rayo rakapfava, rakapfava, rakanakira kuperekedza, pasina kunyudza vamwe vatori vechikamu mukuita. Inofamba zvakanaka ne violin, nyere, clarinet, nyere.

Kurira kwekobza kunonzwika, saka muimbi anogona kuita mabasa akaoma kunzwisisa. Maitiro ekutamba akafanana neaya eruti: kudzura tambo, harmonic, legato, tremolo, brute force.

History

Mienzaniso yakafanana neruti inowanikwa munharaunda dzose. Zvichida, pfungwa yekusikwa kwavo yakaberekerwa munyika dzeEast. Mazwi ekuti "kobza", "kobuz" anowanikwa muuchapupu hwakanyorwa kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Zvivakwa zvakafanana neruti rweUkraine zvainzi "kopuz" muTurkey, uye "cobza" muRomania.

Kobza yainyanya kushandiswa muUkraine, yakawira murudo neCossacks: yakatova nezita rinokosha pano: "Lute of the Cossack", "Cossack lute". Vaya vaiva nyanzvi pakuriridza vainzi kobzars. Kazhinji vaiperekedza zvavo kuimba, ngano, ngano pamwe Play. Pane humbowo hwakanyorwa hwekuti hetman ane mukurumbira Bohdan Khmelnytsky, paaitambira vamiriri vedzimwe nyika, akaridza kobza.

Mukuwedzera kune vanhu veUkraine, ruti yakagadziridzwa yakashandiswa munyika dzePolish, Romanian, Russian. Yaionekwa sepfuma yenyika, yaisada kudzidza kwenguva refu kutamba. Mhando dzeEurope dzakataridzika zvakafanana, dzakasiyana muhukuru uye nhamba yetambo.

Zana ramakore rechiXNUMX rakaratidzwa nekugadzirwa kwechiridzwa chakafanana, iyo bandura. Iyo itsva yakave yakanyanya kukwana, yakaoma, uye munguva pfupi yakamanikidza "hanzvadzi" kubva munyika yemimhanzi yeUkraine.

Nhasi, iwe unogona kujairana nenhoroondo yechiridzwa cheUkraine muMuseum yeKobza Art muguta rePereyaslavl-Khmelnitsky: anenge mazana mana ekuratidzwa akaiswa mukati.

kushandisa

Kazhinji lute yeUkraine inoshandiswa mu orchestra, folk ensembles: inoperekedza kuimba kana rwiyo rukuru.

Imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa uye anobudirira kuita ensembles ane kobza mukuumbwa kwawo iNational Academic Orchestra yeFolk Instruments yeUkraine.