Clavichord: chii, chiridzwa kuumbwa, nhoroondo, ruzha, kushandiswa

"Keystring" izita risina kurongeka rechiridzwa, chave chakagadziridzwa shanduro ye monochord. Iye, senhengo yacho, aive nekiibhodhi, asi kwete mapaipi, asi tambo, dzakaiswa mukufamba nemuchina wetangent, dzaive nebasa rekuburitsa ruzha.

Clavichord mudziyo

Muchikamu chemazuva ano mimhanzi, chiridzwa ichi chinoonekwa semumiriri wemhuri ye harpsichord, mutungamiriri wekare wepiyano. Ine body ine keyboard, four stands. Iyo clavichord yakaiswa pasi kana patafura, yakagara pasi pairi, muiti akarova makiyi, achibvisa manzwi. Ma "keyboards" ekutanga aive nediki renzwi - maviri chete octaves. Gare gare, chiridzwa chakavandudzwa, kugona kwayo kwakawedzera kusvika kumaoctaves mashanu.

Iyo clavichord chiridzwa chine tambo chinoridza chiridzwa, mudziyo wacho une mapini esimbi. Seti yetambo "yakavanzwa" mune iyo kesi, iyo yakaita oscillatory mafambiro payakaratidzwa kune makiyi. Pavakatsikirirwa, pini yesimbi (tanget) yakabata tambo ndokuidzvanya. Mune iyo yakapfava "yemahara" clavichords, tambo yakaparadzana yakagoverwa kune imwe neimwe kiyi. Mamwe mamodheru akaoma (ane hukama) akasiyana mumhedzisiro ye2-3 tangets pazvikamu zvakasiyana zvetambo.

Zviyero zvemuviri wemidziyo zvidiki - kubva pa80 kusvika ku150 masendimita. Iyo clavichord yakatakurwa nyore uye yakaiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Mutumbi wacho wakanga wakashongedzwa nemifananidzo, mifananidzo, nemifananidzo. Pakugadzira, mhando dzehuni dzinokosha chete dzakashandiswa: spruce, Karelian birch, cypress.

Nhoroondo yekwakabva

Chiridzwa chacho chakapesvedzera zvakakomba kukura kwetsika dzemimhanzi. Zuva chairo rekuonekwa kwayo harina kuratidzwa. Kutaurwa kwekutanga kwakaonekwa muzana ramakore reXVI. Mhedzisiro yezita inoreva izwi rechiLatini rokuti "clavis" - kiyi, yakabatanidzwa nechiGiriki chekare "chord" - tambo.

Nhoroondo ye clavichord inotanga muItaly. Magwaro achiripo anoratidza kuti ndipo paigona kuoneka makopi okutanga. Imwe yeiyi, yaDominic yePisa, yakararama nanhasi. Yakagadzirwa muna 1543 uye inoratidzira yemuseum iri muLeipzig.

Iyo "keyboard" yakakurumidza kuwana mukurumbira. Yakanga ichishandiswa kukamuri, kugadzira mimhanzi yepamba, sezvo clavichord yaisagona kurira, ichikura. Ichi chimiro chaidzivisa kushandiswa kwayo pamitambo yemakonzati muhoro huru.

Kushandisa mudziyo

Iyo classical clavichord yatove muzana ramakore re5th yaive nekurira kwakakura kwekurira kweanosvika XNUMX octaves. Kuiridza kwairatidza kurerwa kwakanaka uye dzidzo. Aristocrats uye vamiriri ve bourgeoisie vakaisa chiridzwa mudzimba dzavo uye vakakoka vaenzi kumakonti emakamuri. Zvibodzwa zvakasikirwa iye, vanyori vakuru vakanyora mabasa: VA Mozart, L. Van Beethoven, JS Bach.

Zana remakore rechi19 rakaratidzirwa nekuzivikanwa kwepiyanoforte. Iyo piyano ine ruzha, inonyatsoratidza yakatora nzvimbo yeclavichord. Vagadziri vemazuva ano vanoshuvira nezve pfungwa yekudzoreredza yekare "keyboard" kuti vanzwe ruzha rwekutanga rwemabasa evanyori vakuru.