Giulietta Simonato |
Giulietta Simonato
Vaiziva uye vaimuda Juliet Simionato, kunyangwe vaive vasina kumunzwa munhandare, vaive nechokwadi chekuti aive akatemerwa kurarama makore zana. Zvakanga zvakakwana kuti utarise mufananidzo weiyo grey-bvudzi uye anogara achiyevedza muimbi mune yepingi ngowani: paigara paine hunyengeri pachiso chake. Simonato aive nemukurumbira wekuseka zvake. Uye zvakadaro, Juliet Simionato akafa svondo rimwe chete asati asvitsa makore zana, muna Chivabvu 5, 2010.
Imwe yeakakurumbira mezzo-sopranos yezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri akazvarwa muna Chivabvu 12, 1910 muForlì, mudunhu reEmilia-Romagna, inenge hafu pakati peBologna neRimini, mumhuri yemubati wejeri. Vabereki vake vakanga vasiri munzvimbo idzi, baba vake vaibva Mirano, kusiri kure neVenice, uye amai vake vaibva kuchitsuwa cheSardinia. Mumusha waamai vake muSardinia, Juliet (sekudanwa kwaaiitwa mumhuri; zita rake chairo ainzi Julia) akapedza hudiki hwake. Apo musikana aiva nemakore masere, mhuri yakatamira kuRovigo, pakati pepurovhinzi yezita rimwe chete munharaunda yeVeneto. Juliet akaendeswa kuchikoro cheKaturike, kwaakadzidziswa kupenda, kusona, unyanzvi hwokubika, uye kuimba. Masisita akabva akwevera ngwariro kuchipo chake chokuimba. Muimbi pachake akati aigara achida kuimba. Kuti aite izvi akabva azvivharira muimba yekugezera. Asi yakanga isipo! Amai vaJuliet, mumwe mukadzi akaoma aitonga mhuri nesimbi uye aiwanzoshandisa kuranga vana, vakati zviri nani kuuraya mwanasikana wavo nemaoko ake pane kumubvumira kuti ave muimbi. Signora, zvisinei, akafa apo Juliet akanga ane makore 15 okukura, uye chipingamupinyi chokukudziridzwa kwechipo chenenji chakaparara. Mukurumbira weramangwana akatanga kudzidza muRovigo, ipapo muPadua. Vadzidzisi vake vaiva Ettore Locatello naGuido Palumbo. Giulietta Simionato akaita debut yake muna 1927 muRossato's musical comedy Nina, Non fare la stupida (Nina, usave benzi). Baba vake vakamuperekedza kuzvidzidzo. Ipapo ndipo apo murwi wokuAlbanese akamunzwa, uyo akafanotaura kuti: “Kana inzwi iri rikarovedzwa zvakanaka, zuva richasvika apo mabhaisikopo achaparara nokuombera maoko.” Kuita kwaJuliet kwekutanga semuimbi we opera kwakaitika gore rakatevera, mutaundi diki reMontagnana pedyo nePadua (nenzira, Toscanini aifarira Tenor Aureliano Pertile akaberekerwa ikoko).
Kukura kwebasa raSimionato kunoyeuchidza tsumo yakakurumbira inoti “Chi va piano, va sano e va lontano”; yakaenzana neRussia ndeye "Kufamba zvishoma, iwe uchaenderera mberi." Muna 1933, akakunda makwikwi ezwi muFlorence (385 vatori vechikamu), mutungamiri wejeri aiva Umberto Giordano, munyori weAndre Chenier naFedora, uye nhengo dzayo dzaiva Solomiya Krushelnitskaya, Rosina Storchio, Alessandro Bonci, Tullio Serafin. Paakanzwa Juliet, Rosina Storchio (mutambi wekutanga webasa raMadam Butterfly) akati kwaari: “Imba saizvozvo nguva dzose, mudiwa wangu.”
Kukunda mumakwikwi kwakapa muimbi wechidiki mukana wekuongororwa kuLa Scala. Akasaina kondirakiti yake yekutanga neyakakurumbira Milan theatre mumwaka wa1935-36. Chaive chibvumirano chinonakidza: Juliet aifanira kudzidza zvikamu zvidiki zvese uye kuvepo panguva dzese dzekudzokorora. Mabasa ake ekutanga paLa Scala aive Mistress of the Novices muSista Angelica naGiovanna muRigoletto. Mwaka yakawanda yapfuura mubasa rekuita basa risingaunzi kugutsikana kukuru kana mukurumbira (Simionato akaimba Flora muLa Traviata, Siebel muFaust, mudiki Savoyard muFyodor, nezvimwewo). Pakupedzisira, muna 1940, mutambi wenhau Mariano Stabile akasimbirira kuti Juliet aimbe chikamu cheCherubino muLe nozze di Figaro muTrieste. Asi pamberi pekubudirira kwekutanga kwakakosha, zvaive zvakafanira kumirira mamwe makore mashanu: yakaunzwa kuna Juliet nebasa raDorabella muCosì fan tutte. Zvakare muna 1940, Simionato akaita saSantuzza muRural Honor. Munyori pachake akamira shure kwenyaradzo, uye akanga ari mudiki pakati pevanoimba solo: "mwanakomana" wake aiva nemakore makumi maviri kupfuura iye.
Uye pakupedzisira, kubudirira: muna 1947, muGenoa, Simionato anoimba chikamu chikuru muOpera yaTom "Mignon" uye mwedzi mishoma gare gare anoidzokorora kuLa Scala (wake Wilhelm Meister aive Giuseppe Di Stefano). Zvino munhu anogona bedzi kunyemwerera pakurava mhinduro mumapepanhau: “Giulietta Simionato, wataimboona mumitsetse yokupedzisira, zvino ava wokutanga, uye naizvozvo kunofanira kuva mururamisiro.” Basa raMignon rakava chiratidzo cheSimionato, maive mune iyi opera yaakaita debut yake kuLa Fenice muVenice muna 1948, uye kuMexico muna 1949, uko vateereri vakaratidza kushingairira kwaari. Maonero aTullio Serafina aitonyanya kukosha: “Hauna kufambira mberi chete, asi kurova chaiko!” Maestro akati kuna Giulietta mushure mekuita kwe "Così fan tutte" uye akamupa basa raCarmen. Asi panguva iyoyo, Simionato haana kunzwa akura zvakakwana pabasa iri uye akawana simba rokuramba.
Mumwaka wa1948-49, Simionato akatanga kutendeukira kumitambo yeRossini, Bellini naDonizetti. Zvishoma nezvishoma, akasvika kureba kwechokwadi mumhando iyi yemimhanzi yeoperatic uye akava mumwe wevanhu vane mukurumbira weBel Canto Renaissance. Dudziro yake yebasa raLeonora muThe Favorite, Isabella muMusikana weItaly muAlgiers, Rosina naCinderella, Romeo muCapuleti neMontagues naAdalgisa muNorma zvakaramba zvakamira.
Muna 1948 mumwe cheteyo, Simionato akasangana naCallas. Juliet akaimba Mignon muVenice, uye Maria akaimba Tristan naIsolde. Hushamwari hwechokwadi hwakamuka pakati pevaimbi. Vaigara vachitamba pamwechete: mu "Anna Boleyn" vaive Anna naGiovanna Seymour, mu "Norma" - Norma naAdalgisa, mu "Aida" - Aida naAmneris. Simionato anoyeuka kuti: “Maria naRenata Tebaldi ndivo chete vainditi Giulia, kwete Juliet.”
Muma1950, Giulietta Simionato akakunda Austria. Kubatana kwake neSalzburg Festival, kwaaigara achiimba pasi pebaton yaHerbert von Karajan, uye Vienna Opera yaive yakasimba kwazvo. Her Orpheus mune opera yaGluck muna 1959, yakatorwa murekodhi, inoramba iri humbowo husingakanganwike hwekubatana kwake naKarajan.
Simionato aive muimbi wepasirese: iyo "inoera" mabasa emezzo-sopranos muVerdi's operas - Azucena, Ulrika, Princess Eboli, Amneris - akamushandira pamwe chete nemabasa erudo bel canto operas. Akanga ari Preciosilla aitamba muThe Force of Destiny uye ainakidza Mistress Nekukurumidza muFalstaff. Akaramba ari munhoroondo dzeopera seakanakisa Carmen naCharlotte muWerther, Laura muLa Gioconda, Santuzza muRustic Honour, Princess de Bouillon muAdrienne Lecouvrere uye Princess muSista Angelica. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yebasa rake inobatanidzwa nekududzirwa kwebasa re soprano raValentina muMeyerbeer's Les Huguenots. Muimbi wekuItaly akaimbawo Marina Mnishek naMarfa mumitambo yaMussorgsky. Asi nekufamba kwemakore ebasa rake refu, Simionato akatamba muma opera naMonteverdi, Handel, Cimarosa, Mozart, Gluck, Bartok, Honegger, Richard Strauss. Repertoire yake yasvika nhamba dzenyeredzi: 132 mabasa mumabasa evanyori makumi matanhatu.
Akava nebudiriro huru pachake muBerlioz's Les Troyens (kutanga kutamba paLa Scala) muna 1960. Muna 1962, akapinda mukuonekana kwaMaria Callas panhandare yeMilan theatre: yaiva Medea yaCherubini, uye zvakare shamwari dzekare dzakanga dziri. pamwe chete, Maria ari pachinzvimbo cheMedea, Juliet ari pachinzvimbo chaNeris. Mugore rimwe chetero, Simionato akaonekwa saPirene muDe Falla's Atlantis (akamutsanangura se "akanyanya kumira uye asiri wemitambo"). Muna 1964, akaimba Azucena muIl trovatore paCovent Garden, mutambo wakaitwa naLuchino Visconti. Kusangana naMaria zvakare - panguva ino muParis, muna 1965, muNorma.
Muna Ndira 1966, Giulietta Simionato akasiya nhandare yeopera. Kuita kwake kwekupedzisira kwakaitika muchikamu chidiki cheServilia muMozart's opera "The Mercy of Titus" padanho reTeatro Piccola Scala. Aingova nemakore 56 uye aiva nechimiro chakanaka pakutaura uye mumuviri. Vazhinji vaaishanda navo vakanga vasina, vaishaiwa, uye vakanga vasina uchenjeri nechiremera zvokutora danho rakadaro. Simonato aida kuti mufananidzo wake urambe wakanaka mundangariro dzevateereri, uye akazadzisa izvi. Kubva kwake kubva pachikuva kwakabatana nechisarudzo chakakosha muhupenyu hwake hwega: akaroora chiremba ane mukurumbira, chiremba wekuvhiya weMussolini Cesare Frugoni, uyo akamuchengeta kwemakore mazhinji uye aive mukuru kwaari nemakore makumi matatu. Seri kwewanano iyi yakazopedzwa yaive imba yekutanga yemuimbi kune mutambi weviolin Renato Carenzio (vakaparadzana mukupera kwema1940). Frugoni aive akaroorawo. Kurambana kwakanga kusina muItaly panguva iyoyo. Muchato wavo wakagoneka chete mushure mekufa kwemukadzi wake wekutanga. Vaifanirwa kugara vese kwemakore gumi nemaviri. Frugoni akafa muna 12. Simionato akaroorazve, achibatanidza hupenyu hwake neshamwari yekare, muzvinabhizimusi Florio De Angeli; aifanira kurarama kupfuura iye: akafa muna 1978.
Makore makumi mana nemana kubva pachikuva, kubva mukuombera maoko uye mafeni: Giulietta Simionato ave ngano munguva yehupenyu hwake. Ngano iyi mhenyu, inoyevedza uye ine manomano. Kanoverengeka akagara padare redzimhosva remakwikwi enzwi. Pakonzati yekuremekedza Carl Böhm paMutambo weSalzburg muna 1979, akaimba rwiyo rweCherubino "Voi che sapete" kubva kuMozart's Le nozze di Figaro. Muna 1992, apo mutungamiriri Bruno Tosi akatanga Maria Callas Society, akava mutungamiri wayo anoremekedzwa. Muna 1995, akapemberera zuva rekuzvarwa kwake makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu padanho reLa Scala Theatre. Rwendo rwekupedzisira rwakaitwa naSimionato pazera re95, muna 2005, rwakatsaurirwa kuna Maria: haana kukwanisa kubatsira kukudza nekuvapo kwake mhemberero yekuvhurwa zviri pamutemo kwenzira yekuseri kweLa Fenice theatre muVenice mukukudza muimbi mukuru. uye shamwari yekare.
“Handifungi kana kuzvidemba. Ndakapa zvose zvandaigona kubasa rangu. Hana yangu yakagadzikana.” Ichi chaive chimwe chemashoko ake ekupedzisira kubuda mumapepa. Giulietta Simionato aive mumwe weakanyanya kukosha mezzo-sopranos yezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri. Akanga ari mugari wenhaka wechiCatalan asingaenzaniswi Conchita Supervia, uyo anonzi akamutsiridza repertoire yaRossini yezwi revakadzi rakaderera. Asi iwo anoshamisa Verdi mabasa akabudirira Simionato zvishoma. Inzwi rake rakanga risiri rakakura zvakanyanya, asi raipenya, rakasiyana neretimu, zvisingaite kunyangwe mukati mese, uye akagona hunyanzvi hwekupa munhu kubata kumabasa ese aakaita. Chikoro chikuru, kusimba kwemazwi makuru: Simionato akayeuka mafambiro aakamboenda pachikuva kwehusiku gumi nenhatu hwakatevedzana, kuNorma muMilan uye Barber yeSeville muRome. “Pakapera mutambo wacho, ndakamhanyira kuchiteshi, kwavakanga vakandimirira kuti ndivape chiratidzo chokuti chitima chibve. Muchitima ndakabvisa make-up. Mudzimai anoyevedza, munhu ane hupenyu, akanaka, akajeka, mutambi wechikadzi ane pfungwa huru yekuseka. Simionato aiziva kubvuma kutadza kwake. Akanga asina hanya nekubudirira kwake, kuunganidza majasi emvere "sevamwe vakadzi vanounganidza zvekare", mumashoko ake, akabvuma kuti aiva negodo uye aifarira makuhwa pamusoro pehupenyu hwehupenyu hwevamwe vaaikwikwidzana naye. Haana kunzwa kushuva kana kuzvidemba. Nokuti akakwanisa kurarama hupenyu huzere uye anoramba ari mundangariro dzevezera rake uye zvizvarwa seanoyevedza, anoshamisa, mufananidzo wekuwirirana uye huchenjeri.
