Makiyi munzvimbo yekuwanda

Mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, nyanzvi dzemadzinza dzakashamisika kuwana nhandare dzendege, makamuri eredhiyo, uye kunyange ndege dzakakura zvakavakwa nemarudzi eko kubva mushenjere, huni, mashizha, mizambiringa, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakavandudzwa pazvitsuwa zvakawanda zvePacific Ocean.

Mhinduro yezvivakwa zvakadaro zvinoshamisa yakawanikwa nokukurumidza. Zvese zviri zvezviya zvinonzi ma cargo cults. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, maAmerica akavaka nhandare dzendege pazvitsuwa kuti dzipe mauto. Mitoro inokosha yakaendeswa kunhandare dzendege: mbatya, zvokudya zvomumagaba, matende nezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira, zvimwe zvacho zvakapiwa vagari vomunharaunda vachitsinhana nomutsa, mabasa okutungamirira, nezvimwewo. Apo hondo yakapera, uye mabhesi akanga asina chinhu, vagari vemo. ivo pachavo vakatanga kuvaka kufanana kwenhandare dzendege mune tariro isinganzwisisike kuti nenzira iyi vaizokwezvazve mitoro (chiRungu cargo - cargo).

Chokwadika, nokufanana kwose kumotokari chaidzo, ndege dzeshenjere dzaisagona kubhururuka, kugamuchira zviratidzo zveredhiyo, kana kuti kuendesa zvinhu.

Kungoti “zvakafanana” hazvirevi “zvakafanana”.

Mode uye tonality

Zvakafanana, asi zvisina kufanana, zviitiko zvinowanikwa mumimhanzi.

Somuenzaniso, i C chikuru inonzi zvose zvitatu uye tonality. Sezvo mutemo, kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu iwe unogona kunzwisisa zvinorehwa. Mukuwedzera, chord muC mukuru uye toni muC mukuru vane hukama hwepedyo.

Pane muenzaniso wenjere. Key muC mukuru и Ionian mode kubva kuenda. Kana iwe ukaverenga kuwirirana mabhuku, anosimbisa kuti aya akasiyana emimhanzi masisitimu, imwe ndeye tonal, imwe yacho modal. Asi hazvina kunyatsojeka kuti chii chaizvo chiri musiyano, kunze kwezita. Zvechokwadi, chaizvoizvo, aya akafanana 7 manotsi: ita, re, mi, fa, munyu, la, si.

Uye zviyero zveaya emimhanzi masisitimu anonzwika zvakafanana, kunyangwe iwe ukashandisa zvinyorwa zvePythagorean zveIonia modhi, uye zvinyorwa zvechisikigo zvezvikuru:

Natural C chikuru

Ionian mode kubva kuenda

Muchinyorwa chekupedzisira, takaongorora zvakadzama kuti mafiritsi ekare chii, kusanganisira iyo Ionian. Aya maitiro ndeePythagorean system, kureva kuti, anovakwa chete nekuwanda ne2 (octave) uye kuwedzera ne3 (duodecime). Munzvimbo yekuwanda (PC), iyo Ionian modhi kubva to ichaita seizvi (Fig. 1).

Zvino ngatiedzei kufunga kuti tonality chii.

Chinhu chekutanga uye chikuru che tonality ndechekuti, hongu, tonic. Chii chinonzi tonic? Zvingaita sekuti mhinduro iri pachena: iyo tonic ndiyo huru noti, imwe nzvimbo yepakati, inonongedza sisitimu yese.

Ngatitarisei pamufananidzo wekutanga. Zvinogoneka here kutaura kuti mune rectangle yeIonian fret chinyorwa to ndicho chikuru? Tinobvumirana kuti hazvisi. Isu takagadzira rectangle iyi kubva to, asi isu tinogona kungoivaka, semuenzaniso, kubva F, ingadai yakave iyo yeLydia mode (Fig. 2).

Mune mamwe mazwi, chinyorwa chatakavaka chiyero chakashanduka, asi iyo yose harmonic chimiro chakaramba chakafanana. Uyezve, chimiro ichi chinogona kuvakwa kubva kune chero ruzha mukati merectangle (Fig. 3).

Tingawana sei tonic? Tingaisa sei chinyorwa pakati, tochiita icho chikuru?

Mumhanzi wemodal, "kutonga" kunowanzo kuwanikwa nekuvaka kwechinguvana. Mucherechedzo we "main" unonzwika kakawanda, basa rinotanga kana kupera naro, rinowira pakurohwa kwakasimba.

Asi kune zvakare nzira yakasarudzika yeku "centralize" chinyorwa.

Kana isu tikadhirowa crosshair (Fig. 4 kuruboshwe), saka isu tinongoerekana tava nepakati poindi.

Mukuwirirana, nheyo imwechete inoshandiswa, asi panzvimbo yekuyambuka, chikamu cheyo chete chinoshandiswa - kana kona inotungamirirwa kurudyi uye kumusoro, kana kona inotungamirirwa kuruboshwe uye pasi (Fig. 4 kurudyi) . Makona akadaro akavakwa muPC uye anokubvumira kuti uenzanise pakati pechinyorwa. Mazita emakona aya anozivikanwa kwete chete kune vaimbi - ivo zvikuru и zvishoma (Mufananidzo 5).

Nekubatanidza kona yakadaro kune chero chinyorwa muPC, tinowana chikuru kana chidiki chetatu. Zvose izvi zvivakwa "centralize" chinyorwa. Uyezve, iwo magirazi mifananidzo yeumwe neumwe. Ndizvo zvinhu izvi zvakagadzirisa zvikuru uye zviduku mukuita kwemimhanzi.

Iwe unogona kuona chimwe chinhu chisina kujairika: iyo triad huru inodanwa neinoti, iyo inowanikwa zvakananga mumharadzano, uye mudiki neinoti iri kuruboshwe (yakasimbiswa mudenderedzwa mumufananidzo muFig. 5). Ndiyo consonance c-ndi-g, umo mune ruzha rwepakati gInonzi C mudiki nechinoti chiri padanda rekuruboshwe. Kuti tipindure nemasvomhu nemazvo mubvunzo wekuti sei zvakadaro, isu taizofanira kushandisa kuverenga kwakaoma, kunyanya, pakuverenga kwechiyero chekonsonanti yechord. Pane kudaro, ngatiedzei kuitsanangura zvine hurongwa. Muchikuru, pamatanda maviri - ese yechishanu neyechitatu - tinokwira "kumusoro", kusiyana nediki, uko kufamba mumativi ese ari "pasi". Saka, ruzha rwepasi mundiro huru ndirwo rwepakati, uye muchikamu chiduku ndiro ruboshwe. Sezvo chord ichigara ichidanwa nebass, ndiko kuti, ruzha rwepasi, mudiki akawana zita rake kwete nenoti mumharadzano, asi neinoti iri kuruboshwe.

Asi, tinosimbisa kuti chimwe chinhu chakakosha pano. Centralization yakakosha, tinonzwa chimiro ichi mune chikuru uye mudiki.

Zvakare cherechedza kuti, kusiyana neiyo yekare frets, tonality inoshandisa tertian (yakatwasuka) axis, ndiyo inobvumidza iwe "kuwirirana" kuisa pakati pechinyorwa.

Asi hazvinei kuti machords aya akanaka sei, pane zvinyorwa zvitatu chete mazviri, uye haugone kunyora zvakawanda kubva pamanotsi matatu. Ndezvipi zvinotarisirwa kune tonality? Uye zvakare tichazvifunga kubva pakuona kwekuwirirana, ndiko kuti, muPC.

• Chekutanga, sezvo isu takakwanisa kuisa pakati pechinyorwa, isu hatingade kurasikirwa nepakati. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinodikanwa kuvaka chimwe chinhu chakatenderedza chinyorwa ichi nenzira inoenzanirana.
• Chechipiri, takashandisa makona kune chord. Ichi chimiro chitsva, icho chaive chisiri muPythagorean system. Zvingava zvakanaka kuzvidzokorora kuitira kuti muteereri anzwisise kuti hazvina kumuka netsaona, kuti ichi chinhu chakakosha kwatiri.

Kubva pane izvi zviviri zvinofungidzirwa, nzira yekugadzira kiyi inotevera: tinoda kudzokorora makona akasarudzwa symmetrically maererano ne "central" note, uye zvinodikanwa kuita izvi pedyo nayo sezvinobvira (Fig. 6).

Izvi ndizvo izvo kudzokorora kwemakona kunoratidzika sechinhu chikuru. Kona yepakati inonzi tonic, ruboshwe - subdominant, uye kurudyi zvakazara. Zvinyorwa zvinomwe zvinoshandiswa mumakona aya zvinopa chiyero chekiyi inowirirana. Uye chimiro chinosimbisa centralization yatakawana muchord. Enzanisa Mufananidzo 6 neMufananidzo 1 - pano mufananidzo wakajeka wekuti tonality inosiyana sei nemodhiyo.

Izvi ndizvo zvinoita chiyero chikuru, chine TSDT kutendeuka kumagumo.

Iyo diki ichavakwa zvakanyatsoenderana neiyo musimboti, kona chete ichava nemwaranzi kwete kumusoro, asi pasi (Fig. 7).

Sezvaunogona kuona, nheyo yekuvaka yakanyatsofanana neyomuhombe: makona matatu (subdominant, tonic uye dominant), iri symmetrically maererano nechepakati.

Tinogona kuvaka chimiro chimwe chete kwete kubva pane chinyorwa to, asi kubva kune chero ipi zvayo. Tinowana kiyi huru kana diki kubva mairi.

Somuenzaniso, ngatigadzirirei toni uri mudiki. Isu tinovaka kona diki kubva yako, uye wobva wawedzera makona maviri kurudyi uye kuruboshwe, tinowana mufananidzo uyu (Mufananidzo 8).

Mufananidzo wacho unoratidza pakarepo kuti ndezvipi zvinyorwa zvinoumba kiyi, zvingani zviratidzo zviri mukiyi pakiyi, izvo zvinyorwa zvinosanganisirwa muboka re tonic, iro riri mune guru, iro riri mune subdominant.

Nenzira, kumubvunzo wezviitiko zvakakosha. MuPC, isu takaratidza zvese zvinyorwa seanopinza, asi kana zvichidikanwa, hongu, anogona kunyorwa seenharmonic akaenzana nemafurati. Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvichave chaizvoizvo mukiyi?

Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa zviri nyore. Kana chinyorwa chisina chinopinza chakatobatanidzwa mukiyi, saka haugone kushandisa inopinza - tinonyora pasi enharmonic nefurati panzvimbo.

Zviri nyore kunzwisisa izvi nemienzaniso. mumakona matatu uri mudiki (fig.8) kwete chinyorwa c, hapana chinyorwa f havapo, saka, tinogona kuisa masaini akakosha kwavari. Mukiyi nenzira iyi tichava nemanotsi Uriko here и fis, uye tonal ichave yakapinza.

В C mudiki (Fig. 7) uye ona g uye cherechedza d yatovepo "muchimiro chayo chakachena", saka, haizoshande kuvashandisa neinopinza kana. Mhedziso: munyaya iyi, tinoshandura manotsi neanopinza kune manotsi ane flats. Key C mudiki achanyarara.

Mhando dzeMakuru neMadiki

Vaimbi vanoziva kuti kunze kwechisikigo kunewo akakosha marudzi makuru uye madiki: melodic uye harmonic. Zvinowanzonetsa kurangarira chaizvo matanho ekusimudza kana kudzikisa mumakiyi akadaro.

Zvose zvinova nyore nyore kana iwe uchinzwisisa chimiro chekiyi idzi, uye nokuda kweizvi tinovakwevera muPC (Fig. 9).

Kuvaka mhando idzi dzezvikuru uye zvidiki, isu tinongoshandura kona yekuruboshwe nekurudyi kubva kuhukuru kuenda kudiki kana zvinopesana. Ndiko kuti, kana tonality ichave yakakura kana duku inotarirwa nekona yepakati, asi iyo yakanyanyisa inotarisa kuonekwa kwayo.

Muharmonic huru, kona yekuruboshwe (subdominant) inoshanduka kuita diki. Muharmonic diki, kona yekurudyi (inotonga) inoshanduka kuita huru.

Mune melodic keys, makona maviri - kurudyi nekuruboshwe - shandura kune zvakapesana nepakati.

Zvechokwadi, tinogona kuvaka marudzi ose makuru uye maduku kubva kune chero chinyorwa, chimiro chavo che harmonic, ndiko kuti, nzira yavanotarisa nayo muPC, haizoshanduki.

Muverengi anoteerera angangoshamisika: tinogona kuvaka makiyi nedzimwe nzira? Zvakadini kana ukashandura chimiro chemakona? Kana kuti symmetry yavo? Uye isu tinofanira kuzviganhurira kune "symmetrical" masisitimu?

Tichapindura mibvunzo iyi munyaya inotevera.

Munyori - Roman Oleinikov

Munyori anotaura kuonga kwake kumunyori Ivan Soshinsky nokuda kwekubatsira kwake mukugadzira zvinyorwa zvekuteerera.