Balalaika: tsananguro chiridzwa, chimiro, nhoroondo, kuti inonzwika sei, mhando

Mutsara wekuti "Russian folk instrument" pakarepo unounza mupfungwa perky balalaika. Chinhu chisina kuzvikudza chinobva kure kure, kure zvokuti hazvibviri kuziva nguva chaiyo yakaonekwa, inoramba ichifadza vanoda mimhanzi kusvikira nhasi.

Chii chinonzi balalaika

Balalaika inonzi chiridzwa chakabvutwa chiri cheboka revanhu. Nhasi imhuri yose, kusanganisira marudzi mashanu makuru.

Tool mudziyo

Inoumbwa nezvinhu zvinotevera:

• muviri, triangular, flat pamberi, yakatenderedzwa, ine 5-9 wedges kumashure;
• tambo (nhamba inogara yakaenzana - zvidimbu zvitatu);
• bhokisi rezwi - gomba rakatenderera pakati pemuviri, kudivi remberi;
• mutsipa - ndiro refu yemapuranga pamwe chete netambo dziripo;
• frets - mitsetse yakaonda iri pafretboard, kushandura inzwi rematambo ekurira (nhamba yefrets - 15-24);
• mashizha epafudzi - izvo zvinyorwa zvinoshongedza mutsipa, nemaitiro akabatanidzwa ekumanikidzika kwetambo.

Zvinhu zviri pamusoro apa chikamu chiduku chinoumba chidimbu chemimhanzi. Huwandu hwezvikamu zvezvishandiso zvinodarika makumi manomwe.

Chimiro che balalaika uye gitare chine maitiro akafanana. Zviridzwa zvose zviri zviviri zvine tambo nokudzurwa. Asi chimiro, maitiro ekushandiswa anoratidza kusiyana kwegitare:

• chimiro chemuviri;
• nhamba yetambo;
• dimensions;
• maitiro ekuita;
• kusiyana kwechimiro.

sounding

Inzwi re balalaika rine sonorous, guru, rakakwirira, pane rakapfava. Inokodzera vanoperekedza, haisanganisire soloing.

Mhando dzakasiyana muhukuru, chinangwa, ruzha. Nyanzvi dzine hunyanzvi hwakawanda hwekuburitsa ruzha. Zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa: kurira, vibrato, tremolo, zvikamu.

Vaka balalaika

Pakutanga, balalaika uye hurongwa hwakaramba husingaenderani pfungwa. Chiridzwa ichi chaishandiswa nevasina ruzivo nezvemimhanzi. Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, marudzi ese akave chikamu cheiyo orchestra, akati wandei sarudzo dzakaoneka:

• Chimiro chedzidzo. Mucherechedzo wekuti "mi", wakaumbwa nekurira pamwe chete tambo mbiri dzekutanga, chinyorwa "la" - netambo yechitatu. Iyo sisitimu yave yakapararira pakati pevatambi vekoniti balalaika.
• Hurongwa hwevanhu. Sol (tambo yekutanga), Mi (tambo yechipiri), Ita (tambo yechitatu). Rudzi rwakanyanya rwevanhu system. Kune akati wandei muhuwandu: dunhu rega rega rine nzira yaro yekugadzira chiridzwa.
• Quantum unison system. Inomiririra ruzha rwe prima balalaika tambo, inotsanangurwa neLa-Mi-Mi formula (kubva patambo yekutanga kusvika kune yechitatu).
• Quarter system. Inherent in balalaikas yechimiro chechipiri, bass, double bass, viola. Matoni anochinjana sezvinotevera: Re-La-Mi.

Balalaika nhoroondo

Nhoroondo yekuonekwa kwe balalaika haigoni kutaurirwa zvisina kujeka. Kune shanduro dzakasiyana dzekwakabva. Kutaurwa kwepamutemo kunotanga muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX; favourite yakakurumbira yakaonekwa kare kare.

Imwe dzidziso inobatanidza nyaya yemavambo nenyika dzeAsia. Paive nechiridzwa chakafanana - domra, yakafanana muhukuru, ruzha, chimiro, chimiro.

Zvichida, panguva yejoko reTatar-Mongol, vagari veRussia vakakwereta mitemo yekugadzira domra, yakashandurwa zvishoma, yakagamuchira chinhu chitsva.

Yechipiri vhezheni inoti: iyo yakagadzirwa ndeye primordially Russian. Ndiani akauya nazvo haazivikanwe. Zita rinoenderana nemafungiro e "kutaura", "kutaura" (kukurumidza kutaura). Manzwi ekurovera chaiwo akafanana nehurukuro ine upenyu.

Maonero echidzidzo chacho akanga asina kukomba, akamutsa kushamwaridzana neboka revarimi vasina kudzidza. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich akaedza kubvisa mafaro akakurumbira. Pfungwa yacho yakakundikana: mushure mekufa kwechangamire, "balabolka" yakabva yapararira pakati pevarimi.

Zvishandiso zvekare zvekunze zvakasiyana nevenguva yavo, zvaiwanzoita sezvisina maturo. Varimi vakagadzira chiridzwa nenzira yakagadziridzwa: machira akashanda semuviri, tsinga dzemhuka dzakashanda setambo.

Kuzivikanwa kwevanhu vanofarirwa muzana remakore reXIX kunotsiviwa nekukanganwa. Chigadzirwa chemimhanzi chakawana mhepo yechipiri kuburikidza nekuedza kwemunhu anoshamisa - anokudzwa V. Andreev, muimbi nebasa. Murume wacho akasika mhuri ye balalaikas, kusanganisira vamiririri vashanu. Andreev akagadzira yemazuva ano balalaika yeanozivikanwa nhasi.

Kuitwa kwe balalaika ensemble, yakarongedzwa naAndreev, yakaratidza nguva yerumutsiriro rwechiridzwa. Vanyori vanozivikanwa vakanyora mimhanzi yakananga kune orchestra yezviridzwa zvevanhu, makonzati e balalaika akabudirira, populists, pamwe neRussia, vakaombera neEurope. Paive nemukurumbira wepasi rose pamakonzati, vakamira vachifarira maRussia virtuosos.

Kubva ipapo, balalaika yave ichisimbisa nzvimbo yayo, ichiramba chiri chimbo chakakurumbira.

Mhando dze balalaikas nemazita avo

Nyanzvi dzevaimbi dzinosiyanisa marudzi anotevera e balalaikas:

• Balalaika-prima. Zviyero 67-68 cm. Iyo chete yakanakira vaimbi vega. Zvikamu zvikuru zveRussia folk orchestra zvakanyorwa zvakananga kune prima.
• Chepiri. Kureba ndeye 74-76 cm. Chinangwa - kuperekedza, kutamba nechords, nguva.
• Alto. Kureba 80-82 cm. Iine timbre yakapfava, ine muto. Inoita mabasa akafanana nesekondi.
• Bass. Ndeyeboka rebass. Inotamba mune yakakura octave. Chimiro chakasiyana ndeye low timbre. Saizi - 112-116 cm.
• Mabhesi maviri. Musiyano kubva kumabhesi: anotamba kondirakiti. Icho chiridzwa chakakura kwazvo chemutsara - 160-170 cm kureba. Kuchengeta hofori yakatwasuka, chigadziko chinopiwa pazasi.

Mhando dziri pamusoro dzakabatanidzwa mu orchestra yezviridzwa zvevanhu. Kusara shure kwezviitiko ndeye balalaika duku, yakagadzirwa naV. Andreev, inonzi Piccolo balalaika. Maererano nemafungiro emunyori, basa guru nderekusimbisa rejista yepamusoro yechidimbu chemimhanzi.

kushandisa

Chigadzirwa chemimhanzi chakakurumbira nekuda kwekusiyana-siyana, kukwanisa kuwirirana zvakakwana nemarudzi ose emapoka ezviridzwa. Munda mukuru wekushandisa ndeye orchestra yezviridzwa zvevanhu. Kune ma virtuosos anotamba ega, mu duets.

Nzira yekusarudza balalaika

Kuita mimhanzi kuchave kunonakidza kana ukasarudza chiridzwa chakakodzera:

• Kuonekwa kwemutsipa: hapana kukanganisa, kuputika, machipisi, kukora kwepakati (kwete gobvu, kwete kuonda). Chinhu chakanakisa ndeye ebony.
• Frets. Kuchenjerera kunobhadharwa pakukuya, nzvimbo panzvimbo yakakwirira. Iwe unogona kutarisa kunaka kwekukuya nekukwesha zvishoma pamusoro pemafrets. Chinhu chakanyanya kunaka is nickel.
• Frame. Iyo yakadzika chikamu chekesi inonyatso kugadzirwa nespruce, yakazara flat, bends, concavity haigamuchirwi.
• Strings. Kuchena kwehurongwa, iyo timbre zvinoenderana nechikamu ichi. Kunyanya kutetepa kunoburitsa ruzha rusina simba, rusinganzwisisike, rwunorira. Makobvu anoita kuti zviome kushandisa musoro, zvinoda kushanda nesimba, kunyima mutinhimira wemutinhimira.
• Inzwi. Chiridzwa chakanyatsosarudzwa chinobudisa ruzha rwakazara, runofadza rusingangoerekana rwadambuka, runopera zvishoma nezvishoma.

Mashoko Anofadza

Zvinhu zvekare zvine nhoroondo yakajeka, zvakawanda zvinonakidza chokwadi:

• Chiratidziro chekare chinoshongedza museum weguta reUlyanovsk. Chinhu chacho chave nemakore anopfuura 120.
• Mukuru we "Balalaika Day" akaonekwa muna 2008 uye anopembererwa musi waJune 23.
• Kune chiridzwa chefolk orchestra muJapan. Vatori vechikamu maJapan, vane hunyanzvi varidzi vechiRussian folk chiridzwa.
• Kare, pakanga pane zvigadzirwa zvetambo mbiri panzvimbo yetatu-tambo.
• Khabarovsk ndiro guta rakamisa chiyeuchidzo chepamusoro-soro kune balalaika: chiyeuchidzo chikuru cheyero chikareba mamita gumi nemaviri.
• Ichi chidimbu chekare chemimhanzi chave chiratidzo cheRussia uye chiyeuchidzo chefashoni.
• MuRussia yekare, Mutambo wacho wakatambidzwa nemabuffoons, vafudzi - vanhu vakanga vasina kuremerwa nebasa neimba.
• Mhedzisiro yechinhu chacho yakafukidzwa nechakavanzika: gore rekuonekwa harizivikanwi, zita remhizha akarigadzira rinoramba riri chakavanzika.

Balalaika chiridzwa chepasi rose chinokwanisa kuridza chero chidimbu chemimhanzi: classical, folk, inosetsa, inosuwa. Inotambwa nevanoziva, nyanzvi, kunyange vana. Manzwi akasimba, chaiwo haagone kuvhiringidzwa nechimwe chinhu: chidimbu chemimhanzi chave chiratidzo chechokwadi chenyika yakakura, yakatora mafungiro evanhu veRussia.