Kaviri bass: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, nhoroondo, ruzha, kushandiswa

Iyo kaviri bass chiridzwa chemimhanzi chemhuri yetambo, uta, inosiyaniswa nekuderera kwayo uye hukuru hukuru. Iine hupfumi hwemumhanzi mukana: yakakodzera kuita wega, inotora nzvimbo yakakosha mune symphony orchestra.

Kaviri bass mudziyo

Zviyero zvemabass maviri anosvika 2 metres pakureba, chiridzwa chine zvikamu zvinotevera:

• Frame. Matanda, anosanganisira 2 decks, akasungirirwa pamativi ane goko, avhareji kureba 110-120 centimita. Chimiro chechimiro chechiitiko chacho 2 ovals (kumusoro, pasi), pakati pavo pane nzvimbo yakamanikana inonzi chiuno, pamusoro pepamusoro pane maburi maviri e-resonator nenzira ye curls. Zvimwe zvingasarudzwa zvinogoneka: muviri wakaita pear, magitare uye zvichingodaro.
• Neck. Yakabatanidzwa nemuviri, tambo dzakatambanudzwa pairi.
• Mubati wetambo. Inowanikwa pazasi penyaya yacho.
• String stand. Inowanikwa pakati pe tailpiece nemutsipa, inenge iri pakati pemuviri.
• Strings. Orchestral mhando dzakashongedzerwa ne4 tambo dzakakora dzakagadzirwa nesimbi kana yekugadzira zvinhu zvine inosungirwa kumonereka mhangura. Kashoma kune mhando dzine 3 kana 5 tambo.
• Vulture. Mugumo wemutsipa wakashongedzwa korona nemusoro une tuning pegs.
• Spire. Yakagadzirirwa mhando dzakakura-hukuru: inobvumidza iwe kugadzirisa hurefu, gadzirisa dhizaini pakukura kwemuimbi.
• Bow. Kuwedzera kwakakosha kune contrabass. Nekuda kwekurema, tambo dzakakora, kuitamba neminwe yako zvinogoneka, asi zvakaoma. Mazuva ano ma bassists maviri anogona kusarudza kubva pamhando mbiri dzeuta: French, Germany. Yekutanga ine hurefu hukuru, inodarika mupikisi mukufambisa, kureruka. Yechipiri inorema, ipfupi, asi iri nyore kubata.

Chimiro chinosungirwa chivharo kana kesi: kutakura modhi inogona kurema kusvika 10 kg idambudziko, chivharo chinobatsira kudzivirira kukanganisa kwenyaya.

Ko kaviri bass inonzwika sei?

Iyo kaviri bass range inosvika 4 octaves. Mukuita, kukosha kwakanyanya kushoma: manzwi akakwirira anowanikwa chete kune vanoita virtuoso.

Chiridzwa chacho chinobudisa zvakaderera, asi zvinofadza kunzeve zvinonzwika, zvine runako rwakanaka, rwakanyanya ruvara timbre. Gobvu, velvety kaviri bass tones inofamba zvakanaka nebassoon, tuba, uye mamwe mapoka ezviridzwa zve orchestral.

Chimiro chemabhesi maviri chinogona kuva seizvi:

• orchestral - tambo dzakagadzirirwa muchina;
• solo - tambo tuning inoenda kumusoro.

Mhando dzemabhesi maviri

Zviridzwa zvinosiyana muhukuru. Yakazara modhi inonzwika zvakanyanya, zvidiki zvinonzwika zvisina simba, zvikasadaro maitiro emamodheru akafanana. Kusvikira ku90s yezana remakore rapfuura, mabhesi maviri ehukuru hwakaderedzwa akanga asina kugadzirwa. Nhasi unogona kutenga sampuli muhukuru kubva 1/16 kusvika 3/4.

Madiki modhi akagadzirirwa vadzidzi, vadzidzi vezvikoro zvemimhanzi, zvevaimbi vanoridza kunze kweorchestra. Kusarudzwa kwemuenzaniso kunoenderana nehurefu uye hukuru hwemunhu: pane inoyevedza chimiro, chete muimbi weakakura kuvaka anogona kuridza mimhanzi zvizere.

Zviridzwa zvakaderedzwa zvinotaridzika zvakafanana kuhama dzakakwana dzeokestra, zvinongosiyana chete mumavara etimbre uye kurira.

Kaviri bass nhoroondo

Nhoroondo inodana kaviri bass viola, iyo yakapararira muEurope yose panguva yeRenaissance, iyo yakatangira iyo mbiri bass. Ichi chiridzwa chetambo shanu chakatorwa sehwaro natenzi weItaly mavambo Michele Todini: akabvisa tambo yepasi (yakaderera) uye frets pamunwe, achisiya muviri usina kuchinja. Iyo itsva yakanzwika zvakasiyana, yakagamuchira zita rakazvimirira - kaviri bass. Gore repamutemo rekusika ndeye 1566 - yekutanga kunyorwa kutaurwa kwechiridzwa chakadzokera kwachiri.

Kuvandudzwa uye kuvandudzwa kwechiridzwa kwakanga kusiri kunze kwevaiti veAmati violin, vakaedza nechimiro chemuviri uye zviyero zvechimiro. MuGermany, maiva maduku zvikuru, "mabhesi edoro" - vaitamba pamazororo ekumaruwa, mumabhawa.

XVIII zana remakore: iyo kaviri bass muorchestra inova inogara ichitora chikamu. Chimwe chiitiko chenguva iyi kutaridzika kwevaimbi vari kutamba solo zvikamu pamabass maviri (Dragonetti, Bottesini).

Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kuyedza kwakaitwa kugadzira modhi inoburitsa yakaderera inonzwika. Octobass yemamita mana yakagadzirwa neFrenchman Zh-B. Vuillaume. Nekuda kwehuremu hunoshamisa, zviyero zvakakura, hutsva hwakanga husina kushandiswa zvakanyanya.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, repertoire, mikana yechiridzwa yakawedzera. Yakatanga kushandiswa nevaimbi vejazz, rock and roll, uye mamwe masitayipi emazuva ano emimhanzi. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuonekwa mu20s yezana remakore rapfuura remagetsi mabhesi: akareruka, anonyanya kugadziriswa, akasununguka.

Play technique

Tichitaura nezvemhando dzezviridzwa zvine tambo, iyo kaviri bass inopa mbiri nzira dzekubvisa ruzha:

• uta;
• zvigunwe.

Panguva yeKutamba, mutambi ari ega anomira, nhengo ye orchestra inogara padivi pake pachituru. Maitiro anowanikwa kune vaimbi akafanana neanoshandiswa nevanoridza violin. Zvimiro zvekugadzira, huremu hwakakomba hweuta uye chiridzwa pachacho chinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kutamba ndima uye zviyero. Nzira inonyanya kushandiswa inonzi pizzicato.

Zviripo zvemumhanzi zvinobata:

• tsanangudzo - kubvisa zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvakatevedzana nekufambisa uta, nekushandura nzira yahwo;
• staccato - jerky kufamba kweuta kumusoro uye pasi;
• tremolo - kudzokorora kudzokorora kwezwi rimwe chete;
• legato - shanduko yakatsetseka kubva pakunzwika kuenda kune ruzha.

kushandisa

Chokutanga pane zvose, chiridzwa ichi ndeche orchestra. Basa rake nderokukudza mitsara yebhasi yakagadzirwa ne cellos, kugadzira nheyo ye rhythmic yekutamba kweimwe tambo "vaanoshanda navo".

Nhasi, orchestra inogona kusvika 8 mabhesi maviri (pakuenzanisa, vaimbogutsikana neimwe).

Mabviro emhando dzemimhanzi mitsva yakaita kuti zvikwanise kushandisa chiridzwa mujazi, nyika, blues, bluegrass, rock. Nhasi inogona kunzi yakakosha: inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevaimbi vepop, vaimbi vevasina mwero, zvisingawanzo genres, mazhinji orchestras (kubva kumauto kuenda kune ekamuri).