Macymbals: chii ichocho, chimiro, marudzi, nhoroondo, maitiro ekutamba

Macymbals ndeimwe yezviridzwa zvekare uye zvakapararira pasi rose.

Chii chinonzi makandira

Kirasi chiridzwa chine tambo. Rinoreva chordophones.

Inonyanya kufarirwa muEastern Europe. Makandira eHungary, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muhunyanzvi hwenyika hwevaHungarian, anomira zvakanyanya.

Chimiro chitunha chine decks. Nyaya yakakurumbira yenyaya ihuni, asi kune dzimwe sarudzo.

Tambo dzakatambanudzwa pakati pedeki. Tambo dzesimbi dzakakamurwa kuita mapoka e3. Tambo dzinorira pamwe chete. Mabass tambo dzakaputirwa mhangura. Yakaiswa mumapoka e3, zvakare yakarongedzwa pamwe chete.

Zvimiro zvekubvisa inzwi

Kutamba kweDulcimer kunobva pahunyanzvi hwesando yakakosha. Nezvo, tambo dzechiridzwa chinorohwa, izvo zvinoita kuti dzive nekudengenyeka uye kurira. Kana tambo dzisina kunyaradzwa mushure mekurohwa, kuzunguzika kunopararira kune tambo dzakavakidzana, zvichikonzera ruzha. Mukuwedzera kune nyundo, unogona kushandisa matanda emapuranga.

Mhando

Macymbals akakamurwa kuita konzati uye vanhu. Izvo zvakasiyana muhukuru uye nzira yekugadzirisa.

Chikamu chepasi chevanhu chiri 75-115 cm. Iyo yepamusoro ndeye 51-94 cm. Mativi acho 25-40 cm. Iyo yakafara ndeye 23.5-38 cm. Kureba ndeye 3-9 cm. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonzi compact uye nyore kufamba. Nzira yekugadzirisa ndeye tambo yakasungirirwa pafudzi remuimbi kana mutsipa.

Chikamu chezasi chekonsati - 1 mita. Pamusoro - 60 cm. Zvikamu zvemativi - 53.5 cm. Kureba - 6.5 cm. Kureba - 49 cm. Kugadzirisa - makumbo ari kumashure kwenyaya. Chinhu chakasiyana chemhando dzekonti ndiko kuvapo kwedamper. Chinangwa ndechekukurumidza kumisa kudengenyeka kwetambo. Iyo damper inogadzirwa nenzira yepedal. Kana muridzi wemakwakwakwa achiwedzera kudzvanya pachiri, ndipo panobva panyanya kurira kwetambo.

Nhoroondo yemakwakwakwa esimbi

Ekutanga prototypes yemakwakwakwa akawanikwa pakati pevanhu vekuMesopotamia. Iyo yekutanga kudhirowa yezviridzwa zvakafanana zvinodzokera kuzana ramakore rechiXNUMX BC. e. Kubatana - vanhu veBabironi. Mifananidzo yeAsiriya yakagadzirwa muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX BC. e. Iyo Sumerian vhezheni inoratidzwa mumifananidzo yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX BC.

Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekare zvinoratidzwa nemuviri wetriangular. Chimiro chepakutanga chakaita kuti chiridzwa chiite serudimbwa rwakagadziridzwa.

Chigadzirwa chakafanana chakaonekwa muGirisi yekare. Iyo monochord yakavakirwa pamusimboti wakafanana nemakandira emazuva ano. Iyo yakagadzirwa yakavakirwa pabhokisi resonator. Chimiro chine rectangular. Musiyano mukuru kwaiva kuvapo kwetambo imwe chete. Iyo monochord yakashandiswa musainzi kudzidza nguva dzemimhanzi.

Nzira yemakandira kuenda kuEurope haizivikanwe. Vanyori venhoroondo vanoti maGypsies kana maArabu vaigona kuuya nechiridzwa chacho. MuEurope, makandira akawana mukurumbira pakati pemadzishe. Bhuku rezana ramakore rechi XNUMX reMakumi Maviri Arts rakarondedzera chiridzwa chitsva ichi se "rine ruzha runotapira." Bhuku rimwe chetero rinotaura kuti machordophone aishandiswa mukuridzwa mudare uye mumhanzi wakashata.

Pakutanga, vanhu vokuEurope vaishandisa makwakwakwa esimbi munziyo dzemunhu oga. Muzana ramakore re1753th, chiridzwa ichi chakashandiswa sechiperekedzo, uye gare gare chakapinda mumaensembles. Yekutanga kushandiswa muopera ndeye XNUMX, Spain.

Mumakore ekuma1700, maGermany akatanga shanduro yavo yainzi hackbrett. Panenge panguva imwe cheteyo, Pantaleon Gebenshtreit akagadzirisa makandira. Mushanduro yake, maiva nemakiyi. Iyo modhi inonzi pataleon mukukudza zita remusiki. Mune ramangwana, kugadzirwa kwaGoebenshtreit kuchashanduka kuita piyano yemazuva ano.

MuRussia, chiridzwa ichi chinozivikanwa muXV-XVI mazana emakore. Zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa zvine ruzivo nezvekushandiswa kwaro mudare ramambo. Vatambi vane mukurumbira vekuRussia vemakore iwayo: Milenty Stepanov, Andrey Petrov, Tomilo Besov. Iyo vhezheni yeGerman yakawana mukurumbira muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX pakati pevakuru.

Iyo yazvino vhezheni yemakandira yakaonekwa mukupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Muvambi – Jozsef naWenzel Shunda. Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, zvigadziriso zvidiki kune dhizaini zvakaitwa. Chinangwa chekuchinja ndechekuwedzera kuvimbika, kusimba uye inzwi rezwi.

Kugadziriswa kwechiridzwa

Kugadziriswa kwekutanga kwechinyakare makwakwakwa kwakaitwa mu20s yezana ramakore reXX. Vanyori vekuvakazve ndiD. Zakharov, K. Sushkevich.

Basa rekuvakazve nderokudzorera chimiro chekare uye chimiro. Ruzha rwunogadzirwa runofanira kunge rwuine ruzha, rwakapfuma uye rwakakamurwa zvakajeka kuita octave. Rudzi rwesando rwakadzokororwa. Kureba kwavo kwakaderedzwa. Nokudaro, muimbi anogona kuzvimiririra kuvharidzira tambo dzinorira.

Iyo vhezheni yakavakwazve naZakharov naSushkevich yakatanga kushandiswa mumakonzati kusvika kuma60s. Zvadaro shanduko dzinotevera dzekugadzira dzakaitwa. Basa rekuchinja nderekuwedzera huwandu hwezwi. Chinangwa chakazadzikiswa nekuisa mastand maviri matsva. Vanyori vekuchinja ndiV. Kraiko uye I. Zhinovich.

Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwedhizaini, huremu hwechordophone hwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Kuti abvise mutoro kubva pamabvi emuiti, makumbo mana akatanga kusungirirwa kune chikamu chezasi chemuviri. Saka, chishandiso chakave chichigoneka kuisa patafura.

Maitiro ekutamba

Pakuita ruzha, muimbi anogona kushandisa ruoko rwose kana ruoko rumwe. Tremolo nzira inogona kushandiswa. Tremolo ndiko kukurumidza kudzokorora kwezwi rimwe chete.

Vatambi vemazuva ano vanoshandisa nzira dzekutamba dzakatambanudzwa. Kurova kwetsvimbo kunoitwa kwete chete netambo, asiwo pamucheto wemuviri. Ruzha rwunobuda rwakafanana neruzha rwecastanet. Nzira yekutamba flageolet, glissando, vibrato uye mbeveve inoshandiswawo.

Macymbals pasi rose

Chiridzwa chakafanana mukugadzirisa uye musimboti wekushandisa huta hwemimhanzi. Inoparadzirwa muAfrica neSouth America. Nechekunze, inoratidzika seuta hwekuvhima netambo yakagadziriswa pakati pepamusoro pepamusoro. Inogonawo kutaridzika sedanda rakakomberedzwa. Zvinhu zvekugadzira - huni. Kureba - 0.5-3 m. Ndiro yesimbi, nhanga yakaomeswa kana muromo wemuimbi inoshandiswa seresonator. Tambo imwe neimwe ine basa renoti imwe. Nokudaro, chords inogona kuridzwa pauta hwemimhanzi. Musiyano weuta hwemimhanzi unonzi "ku" unowanikwa muNew Zealand.

Shanduro yeIndia inonzi santoor. Munja uswa hunoshandiswa sesantoor tambo. Tsvimbo dzinogadzirwa kubva mushenjere. Inoshandiswa mumhanzi wevanhu.

MuUkraine muna 1922, Leonid Gaydamak akaita makonzati achishandisa makandira. Chokwadi chinonakidza: 2 yakaderedzwa zviridzwa zvinobatanidzwa mumitambo. Iwo madiki saizi sarudzo akagadzirwa kuti zvive nyore zvekutakura.

Kubva muna 1952, zvidzidzo zvedulcimer zvave zvichidzidziswa muMoldova paChisinau Conservatory.

Vanozivikanwa vatambi vedulcimer

Aladar Rac muimbi wekuHungary. Mumwe wevatambi vakuru ve dulcimer munhoroondo. Pakati pemibayiro yake pane Kossuth Prize muna 1948, zita reAnoremekedzwa uye Akatanhamara Artist weHungary.

Muimbi uyu aibva kumhuri yechigypsy. Maererano netsika, pazera remakore matatu akapiwa kudzidza kuridza chiridzwa chipi nechipi. Makonzo akafunga kudzidzira kuridza makwakwakwa esimbi.

Nezvaakaita, Aladar Rat akasimudzira makwakwakwa esimbi muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Chiridzwa chacho chakatanga kutorwa zvakanyanya uye kushandiswa mumakonzati.

Muimbi wezana ramakore rechiXNUMX weAustro-Hungary Erkel Ferenc akaunza chiridzwa ichi kune opera orchestra. Pakati pemabasa eFerenc "Ban Bank", "Bathory Maria", "Charolta".

IUSSR yaive neyayo virtuoso cymbalist - Iosif Zhinovich. Pakati pemibayiro yake ndeye All-Union Competition yeVatambi, zita rePeople's Artist yeUSSR, Anoremekedzwa Artist weBSSR, akati wandei Mirairo yeBadge of Honor uye Order yeRed Banner yeBasa.

Nziyo dzakakurumbira dzemakandira kubva kuZhinovich: "Belarusian Suite", "Belarusian inononoka uye yakatenderera kutamba", "rwiyo rweBelarusian nekutamba". Zhinovich akanyorawo akati wandei zvidzidzo zvekuridza makandira. Semuenzaniso, muma1940, bhuku re "Chikoro cheBelarusian cymbals" rakabudiswa.