Sheng: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, nhoroondo, ruzha

Chiridzwa chemimhanzi sheng chinoonekwa nenyanzvi dzemimhanzi kuva tateguru we harmonium uye accordion. Haana mukurumbira uye akakurumbira munyika se "hama dzake dzakasimudzirwa", asi akakodzerawo kutarisirwa, kunyanya kune vaimbi vanofarira unyanzvi hwevanhu.

Tsanangudzo yechishandiso

Chinese mouth organ - ichi chinodaidzwa zvakare kuti ichi chiridzwa chemhepo kubva kuMiddle Kingdom, mudziyo unongo fanana neakawanda-barreled space blaster kubva kumafirimu engano dzesainzi. Muchokwadi, ndeye mavambo epanyika, pakutanga maChinese akagadzira zviridzwa mitumbi kubva kumapudzi, uye mapaipi ehurefu hwakasiyana akagadzirwa neshenjere, akafanana neaya anowanikwa muchechi yeEuropean organ. Naizvozvo, ichi chakasarudzika chiridzwa chemumhanzi ndecheboka remaaerophones - zvishandiso umo manzwi anogadzirwa nekudedera kwemhepo column.

Kukura kwesheng kunogona kuva hombe - 80 centimita kubva pachigadziko, pakati - 43 centimita, diki - 40 centimita.

Device

Sheng (sheng, sheng) inoumbwa nemuti wemuti kana wesimbi, pombi dzine tsanga dzendarira, pombi yebazi (muromo) umo muimbi anofuridzira. Machubhu anopinzwa mumuviri, rimwe nerimwe rine maburi, akasungirirwa neminwe kuti ape ruzha rwakati. Kana iwe ukavhara maburi akati wandei kamwechete, unogona kuwana chord ruzha. Kune kucheka kwelongitudinal muchikamu chepamusoro chechubhu kuitira kuti kuzunguzika kwemhepo mukati kunoitika mukunzwa netsanga, nekudaro kunowedzera ruzha.

Machubhu anogadzirwa nehurefu hwakasiyana, anofanirwa kurongeka ari maviri uye kuitira kuti ape sheng chimiro chakanaka chekuenzanisa. Uyezve, havasi vese vanobatanidzwa mukuita, chikamu chidiki chinongoshongedzwa. Sheng ine nhanho gumi nembiri, uye huwandu hunoenderana nehuwandu hwemapombi uye saizi yavo.

History

Pakagadzirwa rini chaizvo sheng, kunyangwe vanyori venhoroondo vakadzidza veSinologist havagone kutaura nekururama kwakavimbika. Munhu anogona kungofungidzira kuti izvi zvakaitika makore ane hafu kana zviuru zviviri nguva yedu isati yasvika.

Chiridzwa ichi chakanyanya kufarirwa panguva yekutonga kwedzinza reZhou (1046-256 BC), avo vamiriri, sezviri pachena, vaifarira mimhanzi. Ndicho chikonzero nei ruzha rwe“ngirozi” rwesheng rwakava rutivi runokosha rwepurogiramu dzekonzati dzevaimbi vedare vanoperekedza miitiro yevaimbi nevatambi pamberi pamambo neboka rake. Nguva refu gare gare, vanofarira kubva kuvanhu vakagona Kutamba pairi uye vakatanga kuishandisa panguva yemakonzati eimpromptu pamberi peruzhinji mumugwagwa, mazororo kana kumafaro.

Pakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, anatomist Johann Wilde akaenda kuChina, kwaakasangana nevatambi vesheng. Mutambo wevaimbi vomumugwagwa uye ruzha rusina kujairika rwechiridzwa chacho zvakafadza muEurope zvokuti akatenga “nhengo yemuromo” sechiyeuchidzo ndokuenda nayo kunyika yake. Saka, maererano nengano, kupararira kwesheng muEurope kwakaitika. Nekudaro, vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanotenda kuti chiridzwa ichi chakaonekwa mukondinendi kare kare, muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX-XNUMX.

Sheng inzwi

Kana ukamboenda kuChina, iva nechokwadi chekuwana munhu anogona kuridza sheng. Ikoko chete iwe uchanzwa kuita kwevatenzi uye iyo inopenya inoratidzira ruzha iyo yechokwadi virtuosos inogona kuburitsa kubva kuchiridzwa.

Pakati pezvimwe zviridzwa zvekuChina, sheng ndechimwe chezvishoma zvinokwana mukuita kwakabatana sechikamu che orchestra. Mune mahombe engano ensembles, sheng-bass uye sheng-alto inowanzoshandiswa.